Aspectos biológicos de peixes amazônicos. IV. Padrões eletroforéticos de hemoglobinas de 22 espécies coletadas na ilha da Marchantaria (Manaus - AM).

Foram estudados hemolisados de 22 espécies de peixes coletados na Ilha da Marchantaria (rio Solimões, Manaus - AM), através de eletroforeses em gel de amido e gel de ágar-amido. Uma grande heterogeneidade hemoglobínica interespecífica foi detectada, a exemplo do observado para espécies de zona subtropical e temperada. A capacidade de resolução de dois suportes eletroforéticos é discutida. Os resultados são discutidos em função da possível adaptabilidade conferida pelos sistemas de múltiplas hemoglobinas.

საქართველო 1921 №15, იანვარი 22

"საქართველო". 1915-1921. საქართველოს ეროვნულ-დემოკრატიული პარტიის მთავარი კომიტეტის ორგანო. ყოველდღიური გაზეთი. თბილისი. რედაქტორი (1915 და 1916 წწ.) - სანდრო შანშიაშვილი, 1917 წლიდან მთავარი რედაქტორი გრიგოლ ვეშაპელი.

საქართველო №22, იანვარი 30

"საქართველო". 1915-1921. საქართველოს ეროვნულ-დემოკრატიული პარტიის მთავარი კომიტეტის ორგანო. ყოველდღიური გაზეთი. თბილისი. რედაქტორი (1915 და 1916 წწ.) - სანდრო შანშიაშვილი, 1917 წლიდან მთავარი რედაქტორი გრიგოლ ვეშაპელი.

Characteristics of the P2Y 11 nucleotide receptor : ligand binding characteristics and P2Y 11-P2Y 1 receptor

Purinergic receptors, nucleotides, P2Y, diastereoselectivity, potency, mutagenesis, ligand recognition, heterooligomerization, endocytosis, co-pulldown

Analysis of functional impairments of the human P2Y 11 nucleotide receptor with the alanine-87 - threonine mutation, and development of novel agonists specific for the human P2Y 11 and P2Y 6 receptors

Magdeburg, Univ., Fak. für Naturwiss., Diss., 2015

Hotel abierto. El sector hotelero ante las nuevas demandas de accesibilidad para todos (análisis, propuestas y la experiencia de 22 hoteles)

Este documento pretende ser un instrumento para favorecer la mejora de accesibilidad, pero no tiene una caracterización fácil dada la diversidad de aspectos abordados. En primer lugar parte del estudio de los condicionantes normativos y económicos que inciden sobre el mercado hotelero y los fallos o consecuencias negativas que el diseño de las normas puede tener para la penetración de la accesibilidad en los hoteles, lo que da pie a consideraciones sobre la intervención pública, la aplicabilidad de los instrumentos normativos y el control de su cumplimiento. Como documento de investigación, plantea una metodología de análisis e interpretación del proceso de incorporación de accesibilidad en los hoteles, buscando que este no se focalice exclusivamente en la reforma de espacios, sino en la consideración de los procesos y acciones que desarrolla el viajero, como forma de favorecer la continuidad y la lógica finalista de las intervenciones. Un tercer bloque viene constituido por la presentación de un amplio trabajo de campo con directores de 22 hoteles de los que 17 respondieron a un cuestionario y 10 fueron entrevistados de manera informal, puesto que sus planteamientos, conocimiento y problemática no suele analizarse suficientemente en los trabajos de accesibilidad hotelera. Por último, y a partir de las fotografías que se han podido tomar en los hoteles visitados, se plantean algunas soluciones y comentarios sencillos y visuales a problemas recogidos en la realidad, con el fin de ser didáctico y ofrecer pautas concretas de solución para cada tipo de problema detectado.

Effect of single nucleotide polymorphisms in cytochrome P450 isoenzyme and N-acetyltransferase 2 genes on the metabolism of artemisinin-based combination therapies in malaria patients from Cambodia and Tanzania.

The pharmacogenetics of antimalarial agents are poorly known, although the application of pharmacogenetics might be critical in optimizing treatment. This population pharmacokinetic-pharmacogenetic study aimed at assessing the effects of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in cytochrome P450 isoenzyme genes (CYP, namely, CYP2A6, CYP2B6, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, CYP3A4, and CYP3A5) and the N-acetyltransferase 2 gene (NAT2) on the pharmacokinetics of artemisinin-based combination therapies in 150 Tanzanian patients treated with artemether-lumefantrine, 64 Cambodian patients treated with artesunate-mefloquine, and 61 Cambodian patients treated with dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine. The frequency of SNPs varied with the enzyme and the population. Higher frequencies of mutant alleles were found in Cambodians than Tanzanians for CYP2C9*3, CYP2D6*10 (100C → T), CYP3A5*3, NAT2*6, and NAT2*7. In contrast, higher frequencies of mutant alleles were found in Tanzanians for CYP2D6*17 (1023C → T and 2850C → T), CYP3A4*1B, NAT2*5, and NAT2*14. For 8 SNPs, no significant differences in frequencies were observed. In the genetic-based population pharmacokinetic analyses, none of the SNPs improved model fit. This suggests that pharmacogenetic data need not be included in appropriate first-line treatments with the current artemisinin derivatives and quinolines for uncomplicated malaria in specific populations. However, it cannot be ruled out that our results represent isolated findings, and therefore more studies in different populations, ideally with the same artemisinin-based combination therapies, are needed to evaluate the influence of pharmacogenetic factors on the clearance of antimalarials.

Clinical and genetic investigation of a large Tunisian family with complete achromatopsia: identification of a new nonsense mutation in GNAT2 gene.

Complete achromatopsia is a rare autosomal recessive disease associated with CNGA3, CNGB3, GNAT2 and PDE6C mutations. This retinal disorder is characterized by complete loss of color discrimination due to the absence or alteration of the cones function. The purpose of the present study was the clinical and the genetic characterization of achromatopsia in a large consanguineous Tunisian family. Ophthalmic evaluation included a full clinical examination, color vision testing and electroretinography. Linkage analysis using microsatellite markers flanking CNGA3, CNGB3, GNAT2 and PDE6C genes was performed. Mutations were screened by direct sequencing. A total of 12 individuals were diagnosed with congenital complete achromatopsia. They are members of six nuclear consanguineous families belonging to the same large consanguineous family. Linkage analysis revealed linkage to GNAT2. Mutational screening of GNAT2 revealed three intronic variations c.119-69G>C, c.161+66A>T and c.875-31G>C that co-segregated with a novel mutation p.R313X. An identical GNAT2 haplotype segregating with this mutation was identified, indicating a founder mutation. All patients were homozygous for the p.R313X mutation. This is the first report of the clinical and genetic investigation of complete achromatopsia in North Africa and the largest family with recessive achromatopsia involving GNAT2; thus, providing a unique opportunity for genotype-phenotype correlation for this extremely rare condition.

Physical activity attenuates the influence of FTO variants on obesity risk: a meta-analysis of 218,166 adults and 19,268 children.

BACKGROUND: The FTO gene harbors the strongest known susceptibility locus for obesity. While many individual studies have suggested that physical activity (PA) may attenuate the effect of FTO on obesity risk, other studies have not been able to confirm this interaction. To confirm or refute unambiguously whether PA attenuates the association of FTO with obesity risk, we meta-analyzed data from 45 studies of adults (n = 218,166) and nine studies of children and adolescents (n = 19,268). METHODS AND FINDINGS: All studies identified to have data on the FTO rs9939609 variant (or any proxy [r(2)>0.8]) and PA were invited to participate, regardless of ethnicity or age of the participants. PA was standardized by categorizing it into a dichotomous variable (physically inactive versus active) in each study. Overall, 25% of adults and 13% of children were categorized as inactive. Interaction analyses were performed within each study by including the FTO×PA interaction term in an additive model, adjusting for age and sex. Subsequently, random effects meta-analysis was used to pool the interaction terms. In adults, the minor (A-) allele of rs9939609 increased the odds of obesity by 1.23-fold/allele (95% CI 1.20-1.26), but PA attenuated this effect (p(interaction)  = 0.001). More specifically, the minor allele of rs9939609 increased the odds of obesity less in the physically active group (odds ratio  = 1.22/allele, 95% CI 1.19-1.25) than in the inactive group (odds ratio  = 1.30/allele, 95% CI 1.24-1.36). No such interaction was found in children and adolescents. CONCLUSIONS: The association of the FTO risk allele with the odds of obesity is attenuated by 27% in physically active adults, highlighting the importance of PA in particular in those genetically predisposed to obesity.