Resolución No. 200: Que el 4 Septiembre de 1990, el señor GONZALO GUTIERREZ SILVA se matriculó en la Cámara de Comercio de Bogotá

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What happens in the first 200 ms of word reading : ERP studies on visual word recognition with top-down and bottom-up approaches /

In this thesis, three main questions were addressed using event-related potentials (ERPs): (1) the timing of lexical semantic access, (2) the influence of "top-down" processes on visual word processing, and (3) the influence of "bottom-up" factors on visual word processing. The timing of lexical semantic access was investigated in two studies using different designs. In Study 1,14 participants completed two tasks: a standard lexical decision (LD) task which required a word/nonword decision to each target stimulus, and a semantically primed version (LS) of it using the same category of words (e.g., animal) within each block following which participants made a category judgment. In Study 2, another 12 participants performed a standard semantic priming task, where target stimulus words (e.g., nurse) could be either semantically related or unrelated to their primes (e.g., doctor, tree) but the order of presentation was randomized. We found evidence in both ERP studies that lexical semantic access might occur early within the first 200 ms (at about 170 ms for Study 1 and at about 160 ms for Study 2). Our results were consistent with more recent ERP and eye-tracking studies and are in contrast with the traditional research focus on the N400 component. "Top-down" processes, such as a person's expectation and strategic decisions, were possible in Study 1 because of the blocked design, but they were not for Study 2 with a randomized design. Comparing results from two studies, we found that visual word processing could be affected by a person's expectation and the effect occurred early at a sensory/perceptual stage: a semantic task effect in the PI component at about 100 ms in the ERP was found in Study 1 , but not in Study 2. Furthermore, we found that such "top-down" influence on visual word processing might be mediated through separate mechanisms depending on whether the stimulus was a word or a nonword. "Bottom-up" factors involve inherent characteristics of particular words, such as bigram frequency (the total frequency of two-letter combinations of a word), word frequency (the frequency of the written form of a word), and neighborhood density (the number of words that can be generated by changing one letter of an original word or nonword). A bigram frequency effect was found when comparing the results from Studies 1 and 2, but it was examined more closely in Study 3. Fourteen participants performed a similar standard lexical decision task but the words and nonwords were selected systematically to provide a greater range in the aforementioned factors. As a result, a total of 18 word conditions were created with 18 nonword conditions matched on neighborhood density and neighborhood frequency. Using multiple regression analyses, we foimd that the PI amplitude was significantly related to bigram frequency for both words and nonwords, consistent with results from Studies 1 and 2. In addition, word frequency and neighborhood frequency were also able to influence the PI amplitude separately for words and for nonwords and there appeared to be a spatial dissociation between the two effects: for words, the word frequency effect in PI was found at the left electrode site; for nonwords, the neighborhood frequency effect in PI was fovind at the right elecfrode site. The implications of otir findings are discussed.

Blueprint - 200 K.W. D.C. Vert. Type Gen. 125 V. 8 P. 600 R.P.M., B 89521, 10586, 2-R1-H21.6

A blueprint produced by Westinghouse Electric & MFG. Co. in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvanna. The blueprint is dated 19 August 1903 and is stamped "OBSOLETE".

Chronic versus acute ingestion of sodium citrate: a randomized placebo controlled cross-over trial for swimming 200 metres in well-trained swimmers age 13-17

A double-blinded, placebo controlled, cross-over design was used to investigate sodium citrate dihydrate (Na-CIT) supplementation improve 200m swimming performance. Ten well-trained, male swimmers (14.9 ± 0.4y; 63.5 ± 4kg) performed four 200m time trials: acute (ACU) supplementation (0.5g/kg), acute placebo (PLC-A), chronic (CHR) (0.1g/kg for 3 days and 0.3g/kg on the 4th day pre-trial), and chronic placebo (PLC-C). Na-CIT was administered 120min pre-trial in solution with 500mL of flavored water; placebo was flavored water. Blood lactate, base excess (BE), bicarbonate, pH, and PCO2 were analyzed at basal, 100min post-ingestion, and 3min post-trial via finger prick. Time, lactate, and rate of perceived exertion were not different between trials. BE and bicarbonate were significantly higher for the ACU and CHR trials compared to placebo. “Responders” improved by 1.03% (P=0.043) and attained significantly higher post-trial lactate concentrations in the ACU versus PLC-A trials and compared to non-responders in the ACU and CHR trials.

Avantages comparatifs et évolutions de l'emploi manufacturier entre 1980 et 200. Le cas de l'Italie, l'Allemagne, la Grande-Bretagne et la France.

Rapport de recherche

Macrobenthosof the cotinental margin(200-1000 m) of South Eastern Arabian Sea with special reference to Polychaetes

This thesis Entitled macrobenthos of the continental margin (200-1000m) of south eastern arabian sea with special reference to polychaetes. The continental margins are geologically complex and hydrodynamically active regions of the ocean, where vital biogeochemical processes take place from a global perspective. The Eastern Arabian Sea is one of the most productive regions of the world, and as a result, vast amount of organic matter is supplied to the sub surface waters and sea bed of the Arabian Sea. In this study, data on faunal abundance, standing crop and faunal composition, together with sedimentary and environmental parameters were collected from three depths (200m, 500m & 1000m) in nine bathymetric transects along the South Eastern Arabian Sea (from Cape Comorin to Karwar) during three surveys. In the present study, five textural classes of sediments were identified from the SEAS margin, viz. sand, silty sand, sandy silt, clayey silt and admixture of sand, silt and clay. The composition of sand was higher in the southern region and decreased progressively towards the north. On the shelf edge and upper slope regions in the south (Cape to Kollam) in particular, sandy sediments dominated .

Análisis de la implementación de las políticas y lineamientos ambientales de los acuerdos bilaterales de las petroleras canadienses en Colombia. Periodo 200-2011

Las petroleras canadienses han mantenido un novel de compromiso parcial frente a las políticas y lineamientos ambientales establecidos por 4 actores en el territorio colombiano, teniendo en cuenta que canada exporta una idea de cooperación internacional y reglas transparentes.

Mejoramiento del sistema de recursos humanos en cuatro localidades de santa fe de Bogotá

en el presente estudio se ha analizado el recurso humano de cuatro localidades de Santa Fe de Bogotá, con el fin de crear un sistema que mejore los procesos de contratación, capacitación, remuneración y motivación de las personas.

Antropolog??a y educaci??n. El ser humano como producto de la evoluci??n y su pertenencia al mundo de la vida en el 150 aniversario de la obra de Darwin y en el 200 aniversario de su nacimiento

Resumen tomado de la publicaci??n

Juegos de expresión dramática : + de 200 propuestas para expresarse y comunicar en la escuela.

Guía de juegos para realizar en la Escuela y en el ámbito extraescolar. Es de utilidad para el profesorado en general y, en especial, para profesores de Lengua, Dramatización, Teatro, Música y Educación Física, así como para monitores, animadores o estudiantes de Ciencias de la Educación y grupos de teatro. La obra se presenta en fichas que muestran cada juego en una página, haciendo de ella una herramienta de fácil utilización por enseñantes interesados en organizar talleres de expresión. Se divide en cinco bloques, con dieciséis categorías de juegos generadas por objetivos didácticos: juegos para empezar grupos, de iniciación, que pretenden la integración grupal y la implicación en la tarea; juegos para iniciar sesiones (de calentamiento e imitación); juegos para expresar (corporales, de pantomima, etc.); juegos para dramatizar y juegos para terminar (relajación y evaluación).

2.200 millones de pesetas se destinaron en 1964 para becas del fondo del PIO : labor de la Delegación Provincial de Protección Escolar de Madrid.

Se aportan una serie de detalles acerca de los criterios utilizados a la hora de conceder las becas durante el año 1964, del proceso de selección de becarios, sobre la falta de conciencia social de algunos solicitantes, la actitud y profesión de los candidatos que no obtienen beca a la hora de reclamar, falsedades, la colaboración de los centros de enseñanza donde han estudiado los solicitantes, la situación económica de los solicitantes y la tardanza en la tramitación administrativa como uno de los fallos destacados de la Delegación Provincial de Madrid.