DSP等赤潮藻毒素对哺乳类细胞的毒性效应及机制研究

本文研究了腹泻性贝毒的主要组分大田软海绵酸以及几株重要赤潮藻的提取物对四株哺乳类细胞的毒性效应，并探讨了应用细胞毒性检测方法作为赤潮藻毒素毒性检测常规方法的可能性。 结果发现：OA和利玛原甲藻提取物显著地抑制四株细胞的增殖并诱导四株细胞发生凋亡；四株细胞对毒素的敏感性存在一定的差异，人肝癌细胞和小鼠神经瘤细胞较敏感，其次分别为人肝细胞和小鼠皮肤细胞。 小鼠神经瘤细胞对OA反应敏感，细胞毒性检测指标及检测方法灵敏、快速，应用小鼠神经瘤细胞Neuro-2a进行的DSP毒素细胞毒性测试方法具有发展为该类毒素毒性监测常规方法的潜能。 米氏凯伦藻内存在抑制细胞增殖的毒性物质，且该物质是一种具有一定极性的脂溶性物质；该物质能够导致细胞肿胀、破裂，并诱导细胞发生脂质过氧化，导致脂质过氧化产物丙二醛(MDA)的积累。 相关亚历山大藻的去藻过滤液内存在抑制细胞增殖和诱导细胞凋亡的毒性物质，该毒性物质的分子量＞5K，这与本实验室以往的研究结果一致。 　　总之，通过我们的研究发现：DSP等赤潮藻毒素或毒性物质对哺乳类细胞存在毒性影响，且不同毒素的危害机制存在差异，赤潮藻毒素或赤潮藻产生的一些毒性物质威胁人类的健康，应引起我们的高度关注。

Investigation of Extration Method for Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning Toxins in Shellfish

Me optimal conditions were established for the extraction of paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins from gonad of Chlamys nobills using acetic acid and hydrochloric acid in the concentration range of 0.04-1.0 mol/L. A 10-g portion of gonad of Chlamys nobilis was extracted by boiling for 5 min with 1.0 mL acetic acid and hydrochloric acid in a 50-mL beaker. Meanwhile, a portion of gonad of Chlamys nobilis was extracted by sonication in the solution of 0.3 mol/L HAc + 0.2 mol/L HCl for a total period of 5-30 min. The raw extract was centrifuged at 3500 r/min for 5 min and the pH of supernatant was adjusted from 2.0 to 4.0 by 0.1 mol/L NaOH or 5 mol/L HCL After passing through a Millipore ultrafiltration membrane (10000 MW cut-off), ultrafiltrate was then analyzed by HPLC. The results showed that hydrochloric acid in the concentration range of 0.25-1.0 mol/L caused a significant decrease of N-sulfocarbarnoyl-11-hydroxysulfate toxin C1 (C1), C2 and gonyautoxin 5 (GTX5) and the concomitant increase of GTX2,3. However, the amount of the three unstable toxins did not show any change using the extraction with acetic acid. Under the same concentration of acetic acid (0.3 mol/L) and hydrochloric acid (0.2 mol/L), the amount of C1 in the ultrasonic extraction was obviously lower than the boiling one, while C2 showed slightly higher than the latter.

中国赖草属（禾本科）一新种——贫穗赖草

报道了中国西部赖草属一新种——贫穗赖草。该种相似于若羌赖草和广叉赖草，但它不同于前者在于穗状花序的中部或下部具孪生小穗，外稃披针形、无毛，具1．0～1．5mm长的短尖头，内稃短于外稃1．0～1．5mm，沿上部脊疏生小刺，叶鞘无毛，具非膜质边缘；不同于后者在于秆较高，叶片内卷，穗状花序稀疏、狭窄，小穗较短，颖较长，外稃披针形、较长，具5条不明显的脉。

秦艽植物的引种栽培方法

本发明涉及一种秦艽植物引种栽培方法，该方法包括种子处理技术、人工育苗技术和引种栽培技术；本发明通过对种子进行物理和化学处理，植物种子的萌发率达70％以上；通过人工育苗途径，可根据种苗数量和季节需要，有效地提供优质种苗；通过在海拔1500—4300米的原产地直播或人工育苗移栽的途径，可快速恢复高原野生秦艽植物的资源量，并有效地保证高原野生植物的药材品质和药效成分。

单程波算子空间-波数域可分近似方法研究

In the petroleum exploration industry, it is very important to simulate the evolvement of wave field beneath our earth in the aspects of time and space quickly and effectively. Because of the huge data size in petroleum exploration and also the strict requirement of time limit in the actual process of production, simplification of models and approximation of algorithm are necessary. At the same time, every fine improvement to algorithm has its great practical significance and use value. Based on the reasons above, this dissertation researches the separable approximation methods of space-wave number domain for One-way Wave Operator and gets the conclusions as follow: 1. It is insufficient to value One-way Wave Operator purely from the mathematical modulus and phase error, while, holding some specific structural character of operator should be more important. Because, the evaluation criterion of One-way Wave Operator’s imaging ability is quite complicate and obscured, which is similar to the evaluation of an artwork. 2. We can not search for a best or most effective One-way Wave Operator approximation solution for all. However, to different speed model and precision requirement the best approximation solution does exist which is maybe also a compromise, because it is very beneficial to One-way Wave Operator to take full advantage of speed model’s pre-tested information.

Analysis of the elements of catabolite repression in Clostridium acetobutylicum.

The ptsH gene, encoding the phosphotransferase protein HPr, from Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC 824 was identified from the genome sequence, cloned and shown to complement a ptsH mutant of Escherichia coli. The deduced protein sequence shares significant homology with HPr proteins from other low-GC gram-positive bacteria, although the highly conserved sequence surrounding the Ser-46 phosphorylation site is not well preserved in the clostridial protein. Nevertheless, the HPr was phosphorylated in an ATP-dependent manner in cell-free extracts of C. acetobutylicum. Furthermore, purified His-tagged HPr from Bacillus subtilis was also a substrate for the clostridial HPr kinase/phosphorylase. This phosphorylation reaction is a key step in the mechanism of carbon catabolite repression proposed to operate in B. subtilis and other low-GC gram-positive bacteria. Putative genes encoding the HPr kinase/phosphorylase and the other element of this model, namely the catabolite control protein CcpA, were identified from the C. acetobutylicum genome sequence, suggesting that a similar mechanism of carbon catabolite repression may operate in this industrially important organism.

Maritime policy in Scotland.

This paper begins by defining the meaning of the term `maritime policy'. Since devolution in the UK, the opening of the new Scottish parliament in 1998 and the creation of the Scottish Executive, little effort has been made to establish a distinct maritime policy for Scotland. As was evident prior to devolution, the primary emphasis from any maritime policy perspective has continued to be a focus on lifeline island ferry services. This ignores significant developments in several other key maritime transport sectors, and this paper provides examples of areas that require some form of policy response, including intra-European short sea shipping, UK coastal shipping, urban/river transport and global container shipping. Long-standing institutional bias against maritime transport coupled with subsidy devoted almost entirely to land transport systems has resulted in a quite distorted marketplace. This suggests that a maritime policy is now imperative if maritime transport is to play a more significant role in the overall transport system. Further discussion centres on the need to consider, from a Scottish policy perspective, the role of various state-sponsored maritime service providers and how these bodies might fit better within evolving policy. The conclusion is that formulation of a maritime policy by the Scottish Executive is overdue and that a degree of restructuring of transport responsibilities within the Executive, combined with adequate resource allocation towards the maritime industry, will be necessary in order that market distortions can be overcome, so enabling Scotland to fully exploit the competitive and environmental advantages that maritime transport can provide.

Getting Constitutional Theory into Proportion: A Matter of Interpretation?

Gibbs, N., Getting Constitutional Theory into Proportion: A Matter of Interpretation?, Oxford Journal of Legal Studies, 27 (1), 175-191. RAE2008

Hamilton?Jacobi?Bellman equations for quantum optimal feedback control

Gough, John; Belavkin, V.P.; Smolianov, O.G., (2005) 'Hamilton?Jacobi?Bellman equations for quantum optimal feedback control', Journal of Optics B: Quantum and Semiclassical Optics 7 pp.S237-S244 RAE2008

Steady-state motion of a Mode-III crack on imperfect interfaces

Mishuris, Gennady; Movchan, N.V.; Movchan, A.B., (2006) 'Steady-state motion of a Mode-III crack on imperfect interfaces', Quarterly Journal of Mechanics and Applied Mathematics 59(4) pp.487-516 RAE2008

Laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry on porous silicon for metabolome analyses: influence of surface oxidation

Jenkins, Tudor; Vaidyanathan, S.; Jones, D.G.; Ellis, J., (2007) 'Laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry on porous silicon for metabolome analyses: influence of surface oxidation', Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 21(13) pp.2157-2166 RAE2008

Handedness and social anxiety: using Bryden's research as a catalyst to explore the influence of familial sinistrality and degree of handedness

Phil Bryden's work has impacted on many areas of laterality, including degree and measurement of hand preference, as well as influences of familial sinistrality (FS). For example, Bryden[(1977). Measuring handedness with questionnaires. Neuropsychologia, 15, 617–624] is a well-cited and influential paper that remains relevant to this day. Inspired by this we extended our analysis of the relationship between handedness and anxiety in a number of ways. We used familial handedness and strength of handedness to examine their potential influences on anxiety, and extended our research by exploring their relationship to social anxiety, using the Social Phobia Inventory (SPIN). Inconsistent left-handers (ILH) were found to be more socially anxious. In all categories of SPIN except avoidance, ILH were significantly more anxious than consistent right- and left-handers. There were FS differences between ILH with a first degree left-handed relative (FS+) compared to ILH with no first degree left-handed relative (FS−) on all categories of anxiety scores. Within FS+ participants, ILH had significantly higher anxiety scores, compared with consistent handers across all categories. This suggests that ILH's social anxiety may be influenced by a close left-handed relative. Inspired by examining Bryden's work for this special issue, we will continue to add both strength of preference and familial handedness to our work.

On Learning Counting Functions With Queries

We investigate the problem of learning disjunctions of counting functions, which are general cases of parity and modulo functions, with equivalence and membership queries. We prove that, for any prime number p, the class of disjunctions of integer-weighted counting functions with modulus p over the domain Znq (or Zn) for any given integer q ≥ 2 is polynomial time learnable using at most n + 1 equivalence queries, where the hypotheses issued by the learner are disjunctions of at most n counting functions with weights from Zp. The result is obtained through learning linear systems over an arbitrary field. In general a counting function may have a composite modulus. We prove that, for any given integer q ≥ 2, over the domain Zn2, the class of read-once disjunctions of Boolean-weighted counting functions with modulus q is polynomial time learnable with only one equivalence query, and the class of disjunctions of log log n Boolean-weighted counting functions with modulus q is polynomial time learnable. Finally, we present an algorithm for learning graph-based counting functions.

Electronic aids to daily living: be able to do what you want

Purpose. This study explores the experiences of Irish people with high cervical spinal cord injuries living with electronic aids to daily living (EADL) and the meaning attributed to such systems in the context of participation in everyday life. Method. Qualitative methodology using a phenomenological approach was used to explore the phenomenon of living with EADL. Data were collected using four focus groups of users and nonusers of EADL (n = 15). All participants had high cervical spinal cord injuries (C3-5). Groups were video recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed using descriptive phenomenological analysis. Findings. Findings revealed key elements of the meaning of living with EADL. Two key themes, time alone and changed relationships are described. These contribute to the super ordinate theme of autonomy. Findings suggest that participants perceived improvements in both anticipated and actual lived experiences with EADL. Themes are interrelated and together represent a summary of the experience of living with environmental controls. The themes described are similar to those found in other spinal injury studies relating to quality of life. Conclusions. Findings highlight differences in life experiences for those with and without EADL and provides motivation to address this difference. Such insights are valuable for both users and providers of EADL.