Effects of aerobic exercise on the blood pressure, oxidative stress and eNOS gene polymorphism in pre-hypertensive older people

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Women with TT genotype for eNOS gene are more responsive in lowering blood pressure in response to exercise

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Genetic polymorphism and their contribution to cancer susceptibility

Uma vez que a maioria dos carcinogênicos químicos não é capaz de causar efeitos danosos per se, o metabolismo desses compostos é a parte crucial da resposta inicial à exposição ambiental. Os distúrbios causados no balanço entre os processos de ativação e destoxificação podem, assim, explicar as variações individuais em resposta à exposição aos carcinogênicos. A quantidade de compostos carcinogênicos finais produzida depende da ação competitiva entre os passos de ativação e destoxificação, envolvendo as enzimas do citocromo P450 e das S-glutatião transferases.

ISOENZYMATIC POLYMORPHISM and ACTIVITY of PEROXIDASES of COMMON BEAN(Phaseolus vulgaris L.) UNDER SALINE STRESS

Uma das utilizações da técnica de cultura de tecidos para o melhoramento vegetal é a identificação de linhas de células que apresentem tolerância ao estresse salino. Para se estudar os mecanismos bioquímicos envolvidos na expressão genética da tolerância a salinidade, calos oriundos de eixos embrionários de quatro cultivares de feijão (Phaseolus vulgaris L.; cultivares IAC - carioca, IAPAR 14, JALO-EEP 558, BAT - 93), foram cultivados em meio sólido Murashige & Skoog (1962), suplementado com NaCl nas concentrações de 0, 20, 40, 60 e 80 mM. Após 14 dias de incubação, os calos foram coletados e analisados quanto aos padrões isoenzimáticos e de atividade das peroxidases. Os cultivares BAT e IAPAR apresentaram duas zonas de atividade em comum na região anódica e apenas uma zona enzimática específica a cada um deles (migração mais rápida).Possivelmente as duas zonas anódicas intermediárias sejam produtos do mesmo loco enzimático, porém com alelos diferentes, consequentemente diferentes mobilidades eletroforéticas. O cv. JALO apresentou duas zonas anódicas de atividade em comum com os cultivares IAC e IAPAR com uma zona anódica exclusiva de migração mais lenta, a qual apresentou atividade mais intensa de todos os cultivares analisados. Este cultivar revelou ainda uma zona catódica provavelmente dimérica e heterozigota nos indivíduos de todos os tratamentos aplicados. Provavelmente, esta é a mesma zona que ocorre em homozigose com fixação do alelo lento para os indivíduos de todos os tratamentos efetuados nos cultivares BAT e IAPAR. O cv. IAC apresentou duas bandas anódicas em comum com os cv. IAPAR e JALO. Apresentou também a banda anódica mais rápida em comum com o cv. IAPAR e uma banda anódica exclusiva de migração mais lenta. Curiosamente, os indivíduos deste cv. mantidos em meio suplementado com 20 mM de NaCl não apresentaram atividade nas três zonas anódicas mais lentas. Ocorreu no cv. IAC uma única zona de atividade catódica, dimérica e heterozigota para os indivíduos provenientes de todos os tratamentos, composta provavelmente de dois alelos diferentes da zona correspondente ao cv. JALO. Amostras provenientes dos tratamentos 40 e 60 mM de NaCl, desta zona catódica, apresentaram maior atividade enzimática. A análise da atividade da peroxidase no extrato bruto, revelou que os cultivares responderam diferentemente ao aumento da concentração salina no meio de cultura, com aumento pronunciado dessa atividade nos cultivares IAC e JALO.

Chromosomal polymorphism in 12 populations of Mikania micrantha (Compositae)

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Ribosomal DNA ITS-1 intergenic spacer polymorphism in triatomines (Triatominae, Heteroptera)

The length polymorphism of ribosomal DNA ITS-1 intergenic spacer was analyzed in eight species of triatomines belonging to Triatoma, Rhodnius, and Panstrongylus genera. The analyzed species were Rhodnius domesticus, R. neivai, R. robustus, Triatoma brasiliensis, T. infestans, T. vitticeps, Panstrongylus megistus, and P. herreri. These insects are vectors of Chagas' disease, one of the most prominent public health problems among South American countries. This work allowed the differentiation between species of the Triatomini and Rhodniini tribes through the analysis of ITS-1 length polymorphism by PCR and RFLP techniques. The species of the Triatoma and Panstrongylus genera presented an amplified ITS-1 fragment between 600 and 1000 bp, whereas Rhodnius presented a less variable ITS-1 length fragment, around 300 bp, which could reflect the monophyletic origin of the Rhodniini tribe. Species belonging to this genus were further differentiated by RFLP with HaeIII and AluI endonucleases. Our results corroborate the hypothesis of polyphyletic origin in this group of insects and contribute to knowledge about evolutionary relationships in triatomines.

POPULATIONAL STUDY OF CHROMOSOME POLYMORPHISM IN ZONOTRICHIA-CAPENSIS (EMBERIZIDAE, PASSERIFORMES, AVES)

The karyotypes of 328 specimens of Zonotrichia capensis from four regions, three in the state of Parana and one in the state of São Paulo (Brazil), were studied. This species presents a chromosomal polymorphism due to pericentric inversion, involving the 3rd and 5th chromosome pairs. Chromosome 3 exists in the 3st and 3sm conditions and chromosome 5, in 5st and 5m conditions. Mitotic metaphase spreads were obtained from bone-marrow material of colchicine-treated animals.At all collection sites the frequency of chromosome 5m was considerably lower than that of the inverted chromosome 3sm.The present work tried to establish a correlation between the frequencies of the 3rd and 5th chromosome pairs with the climatical and geographical parameters at the collecting regions.Data show that the frequency of chromosome 5m is higher in regions with low temperature and high altitude.

Chromosomal differentiation of Hyla nana and Hyla sanborni (Anura, Hylidae) with a description of NOR polymorphism in H-nana

Specimens of Hyla nana and Hyla sanborni from a syntopic population were studied cytogenetically. These species are morphologically very similar and are frequently misidentified, confused with each other. Both species had a diploid chromosome number, 2n = 30. However, the karyotypes of H. nana and H. sanborni differed considerably from each other in the number of submetacentric and telocentric chromosomes. The two species also differed in their primary NOR-bearing chromosomes (metacentric pair 13 in H. nana and telocentric pair 12 in H. sanborni). Additional nucleolus organizer regions (NORs) were detected by Ag-NOR staining and FISH in chromosome pairs 1, 5, 6, 12, and 14 in seven specimens of H. nana. Thus, a total of six patterns of NOR were identified. These differences in karyotype and in NOR location allowed the unambiguous identification of syntopic individuals of the two species. However, the chromosomal morphology of both species differed from that reported for populations from other geographic regions, suggesting that a systematic reevaluation of this group of Hyla may be necessary.

Fluorescent amplified fragment length polymorphism (fAFLP) analyses and genetic diversity in Litopenaeus vannamei (Penaeidae)

The Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei (Penaeidae), represents about 95% of all Brazilian shrimp production. The Brazilian L. vannamei foundation broodstock was made up of specimens collected from different American Pacific sites, but little information was collected on the genetic structure of the broodstock. We used the fluorescence amplified fragment length polymorphism (fAFLP) method to study the genetic diversity of L. vannamei broodstock lines 03CMF1 and 03CBF1 originally produced by breeder-shrimps imported mainly from Panama and Ecuador, although wild individuals from other localities may also have been used in producing these two lines. Our results showed a total of 93 polymorphic bands ranging from 50 to 500 bp, the mean Nei's genetic diversity calculated for the total sample was 13.4% and identity and genetic distance analyses indicated high genetic homogeneity within and between both the broodstock lineages studied which suggests that they had similar genetic structure. These results may represent an important tool for the appropriate management of L. vannamei broodstocks. Copyright by the Brazilian Society of Genetics.

Genetic diversity in wild (Sus scrofa scrofa) and domestic (Sus scrofa domestica) pigs and their hybrids based on polymorphism of a fragment of the D-loop region in the mitochondrial DNA

We examined the variation in mitochondrial DNA by sequencing the D-loop region in wild and domestic (large-white breed) pigs, in hybrids between domestic and wild pigs, and in Monteiro pigs. A D-loop fragment of approximately 330 bp was amplified by PCR. Sequencing of DNA amplicons identified haplotypes previously described as European and Asian types. Monteiro pigs and wild pigs had European haplotypes and domestic pigs had both European and Asian haplotypes. ©FUNPEC-RP.

β-casein gene polymorphism permits identification of bovine milk mixed with bubaline milk in mozzarella cheese

Mozzarella cheese is traditionally prepared from bubaline (Bubalus bubalis) milk, but product adulteration occurs mainly by addition of or full substitution by bovine milk. The aim of this study was to show the usefulnes of molecular markers to identify the admixture of bovine milk to bubaline milk during the manufacturing process of mozzarella cheese. Samples of mozzarella cheese were produced by adding seven different concentrations of bovine milk: 0%, 1%, 2%, 5%, 8%, 12% and 100%. DNA extracted from somatic cells found in cheese were submitted to PCR-RFLP analysis of casein genes: α-s1-CN - CSN1S1 that encompasses 954 bp from exon VII to intron IX (AluI and HinfI), β-CN - CSN2 including 495 bp of exon VII (Hae III and HinfI), and κ-CN - CSN3, encompassing 373 bp of exon IV (AluI and HindIII). Our results indicate that Hae III-RFLP of CSN2exon VII can be used as a molecular marker to detect the presence of bovine milk in mozzarella cheese. Copyright © 2008, Sociedade Brasileira de Genética.

Análise de sequências da região intergência ITS-1 do rDNA em espécies de Drosophila do cluster buzzatti, (complexo Buzzatti, subgrupo Mullerri, grupo Repleta). -

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Identification of blood meal sources of Lutzomyia longipalpis using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of the cytochrome B gene

An analysis of the dietary content of haematophagous insects can provide important information about the transmission networks of certain zoonoses. The present study evaluated the potential of polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis of the mitochondrial cytochrome B (cytb)gene to differentiate between vertebrate species that were identified as possible sources of sandfly meals. The complete cytb gene sequences of 11 vertebrate species available in the National Center for Biotechnology Information database were digested with Aci I, Alu I, Hae III and Rsa I restriction enzymes in silico using Restriction Mapper software. The cytb gene fragment (358 bp) was amplified from tissue samples of vertebrate species and the dietary contents of sandflies and digested with restriction enzymes. Vertebrate species presented a restriction fragment profile that differed from that of other species, with the exception of Canis familiaris and Cerdocyon thous. The 358 bp fragment was identified in 76 sandflies. Of these, 10 were evaluated using the restriction enzymes and the food sources were predicted for four: Homo sapiens (1), Bos taurus (1) and Equus caballus (2). Thus, the PCR-RFLP technique could be a potential method for identifying the food sources of arthropods. However, some points must be clarified regarding the applicability of the method, such as the extent of DNA degradation through intestinal digestion, the potential for multiple sources of blood meals and the need for greater knowledge regarding intraspecific variations in mtDNA.

Identification of blood meal sources of Lutzomyia longipalpis using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of the cytochrome B gene

An analysis of the dietary content of haematophagous insects can provide important information about the transmission networks of certain zoonoses. The present study evaluated the potential of polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis of the mitochondrial cytochrome B (cytb) gene to differentiate between vertebrate species that were identified as possible sources of sandfly meals. The complete cytb gene sequences of 11 vertebrate species available in the National Center for Biotechnology Information database were digested with Aci I, Alu I, Hae III and Rsa I restriction enzymes in silico using Restriction Mapper software. The cytb gene fragment (358 bp) was amplified from tissue samples of vertebrate species and the dietary contents of sandflies and digested with restriction enzymes. Vertebrate species presented a restriction fragment profile that differed from that of other species, with the exception of Canis familiaris and Cerdocyon thous. The 358 bp fragment was identified in 76 sandflies. Of these, 10 were evaluated using the restriction enzymes and the food sources were predicted for four: Homo sapiens (1), Bos taurus (1) and Equus caballus (2). Thus, the PCR-RFLP technique could be a potential method for identifying the food sources of arthropods. However, some points must be clarified regarding the applicability of the method, such as the extent of DNA degradation through intestinal digestion, the potential for multiple sources of blood meals and the need for greater knowledge regarding intraspecific variations in mtDNA.

Tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-1 polymorphism, plasma TIMP-1 levels, and antihypertensive therapy responsiveness in hypertensive disorders of pregnancy

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)