Om jordens svedande och kyttande i Finland

Invocatio: M.G.H.

L'Univers

1870/03/28 (Numéro 1057).

Glicogenose hereditária em bovinos Brahman no Brasil

Relata-se uma enfermidade hereditária em bovinos caracterizada por acúmulo lisossomal de glicogênio em diversos órgãos. A doença foi diagnosticada em um rebanho da raça Brahman, no município de Porto Lucena, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Os animais afetados, a partir de 1 mês de idade, apresentavam dificuldade em acompanhar a mãe e crescimento retardado, desenvolviam fraqueza e tremores musculares, letargia e perda de condição corporal progressivos. Todos os bezerros eram descendentes do mesmo touro. Foi realizada necropsia em três bezerros doentes; palidez muscular do tronco e membros foi a única alteração macroscópica encontrada. Vacuolização citoplasmática de diversos órgãos foi a principal alteração histológica observada. Os vacúolos citoplasmáticos eram mais evidentes na musculatura esquelética, miocárdio, especialmente nas fibras de Purkinje e em neurônios do Sistema Nervoso Central (SNC). Nos tecidos mais afetados foi observada grande quantidade de grânulos ácido periódico de Schiff (PAS), positivos e negativos quando o tecido era tratado previamente com diastase. Uma mutação no gene da glicosidase alfa ácida, causadora da glicogenose generalizada em bovinos Brahman, a 1057?TA, foi detectada pela técnica de reação em cadeia de polimerase (PCR) em tecidos dos animais necropsiados. Também foi detectada a presença dessa mutação em amostras de sangue de animais parentes dos bezerros doentes. Os achados clínicos, patológicos e moleculares são semelhante ás descrições de glicogenose tipo II em bovinos da raça Brahman descritos na Austrália. Não foram encontrados relatos anteriores em revistas indexadas sobre glicogenose hereditária em bovinos Brahman no Brasil.

Identification of Epigenetic Targets in Prostate Cancer for Therapeutic Development

Recurrent castration resistant prostate cancer remains a challenge for cancer therapies and novel treatment options in addition to current anti-androgen and mitosis inhibitors are needed. Aberrations in epigenetic enzymes and chromatin binding proteins have been linked to prostate cancer and they may form a novel class of drug targets in the future. In this thesis we systematically evaluated the epigenenome as a prostate cancer drug target. We functionally silenced 615 known and putative epigenetically active protein coding genes in prostate cancer cell lines using high throughput RNAi screening and evaluated the effects on cell proliferation, androgen receptor (AR) expression and histone patterns. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) were found to regulate AR expression. Furthermore, HDAC inhibitors reduced AR signaling and inhibited synergistically with androgen deprivation prostate cancer cell proliferation. In particular, TMPRSS2- EGR fusion gene positive prostate cancer cell lines were sensitive to combined HDAC and AR inhibition, which may partly be related to the dependency of a fusion gene induced epigenetic pathway. Histone demethylases (HDMs) were identified to regulate prostate cancer cell line proliferation. We discovered a novel histone JmjC-domain histone demethylase PHF8 to be highly expressed in high grade prostate cancers and mediate cell proliferation, migration and invasion in in vitro models. Additionally, we explored novel HDM inhibitor chemical structures using virtual screening methods. The structures best fitting to the active pocket of KDM4A were tested for enzyme inhibition and prostate cancer cell proliferation activity in vitro. In conclusion, our results show that prostate cancer may efficiently be targeted with combined AR and HDAC inhibition which is also currently being tested in clinical trials. HDMs were identified as another feasible novel drug target class. Future studies in representative animal models and development of specific inhibitors may reveal HDMs full potential in prostate cancer therapy

Woody community dynamics in two fragments of "cerrado" stricto sensu over a seven-year period (1995-2002), MA, Brazil

This study was conducted in two fragments of "cerrado" stricto sensu in the Gerais de Balsas Colonization Project, located in southern Maranhão, Brazil. The objective was to evaluate the dynamics of the woody plant community, over seven years (1995-2002). Four transects of 160 × 20 m were monitored. All woody plants with a stem diameter > 3 cm, at 0.30 m above ground level, were recorded. In 1995, 983 and 1,177 stems were sampled in fragments 1 and 2, respectively; in 2002, 1057 and 1406 stems were sampled in the same fragments. In 1995, the Shannon diversity indices (H') were 3.07 and 3.33, in fragments 1 and 2, respectively, reaching their maximum value in 2002 of 3.11 and 3.35. The community of fragment 1 showed an increase of 7.5% in density and 4.4% in basal area between 1995 and 2002, while in fragment 2 there was an increment of 19.4% in density and 23.5% in basal area, over the same period. The annual increment in diameter was 0.13 cm year-1 and 0.17 cm year-1 in fragments 1 and 2, respectively. The mortality rate was 2.73% per year in fragment 1 and 4.88% per year in fragment 2, while the recruitment rate was 3.25% per year and 5.86% per year, respectively. The community presented high recruitment and mortality rates compared to the studies conducted in other sites, indicating a community that was highly dynamic in the period studied.

A randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled study with tranexamic acid of bleeding and fibrinolytic activity after primary coronary artery bypass grafting

Cardiopulmonary bypass is frequently associated with excessive blood loss. Platelet dysfunction is the main cause of non-surgical bleeding after open-heart surgery. We randomized 65 patients in a double-blind fashion to receive tranexamic acid or placebo in order to determine whether antifibrinolytic therapy reduces chest tube drainage. The tranexamic acid group received an intravenous loading dose of 10 mg/kg, before the skin incision, followed by a continuous infusion of 1 mg kg-1 h-1 for 5 h. The placebo group received a bolus of normal saline solution and continuous infusion of normal saline for 5 h. Postoperative bleeding and fibrinolytic activity were assessed. Hematologic data, convulsive seizures, allogeneic transfusion, occurrence of myocardial infarction, mortality, allergic reactions, postoperative renal insufficiency, and reopening rate were also evaluated. The placebo group had a greater postoperative blood loss (median (25th to 75th percentile) 12 h after surgery (540 (350-750) vs 300 (250-455) mL, P = 0.001). The placebo group also had greater blood loss 24 h after surgery (800 (520-1050) vs 500 (415-725) mL, P = 0.008). There was a significant increase in plasma D-dimer levels after coronary artery bypass grafting only in patients of the placebo group, whereas no significant changes were observed in the group treated with tranexamic acid. The D-dimer levels were 1057 (1025-1100) µg/L in the placebo group and 520 (435-837) µg/L in the tranexamic acid group (P = 0.01). We conclude that tranexamic acid effectively reduces postoperative bleeding and fibrinolysis in patients undergoing first-time coronary artery bypass grafting compared to placebo.

Le Petit journal. Supplément du dimanche

1911/02/19 (Numéro 1057).

L'Écho de Paris

1887/02/05 (Numéro 1057).

ALBUM de Caspar Held, étudiant en théologie à Tübingen (1564). In-8 de 106 f., mar. bl. jans. (Hans Asper.)

Cranach (Lucas). Passional, cité