794 resultados para . Public space
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Lart public se prsente sous divers modes dexpression artistique dans lespace public. Quil soit permanent, temporaire ou phmre, quil soit singulier, interactif ou participatif, quil soit traditionnel ou numrique, luvre intgre ou insre dans ce contexte tente dinterpeller le public. Cette recherche examine lvolution des modes dexpression artistique dans lespace public, dans lespoir de trouver une dfinition de lart public. Ltude de cas de la Ville de Montral est la base de cette recherche pour examiner les nombreuses manifestations de lart dans lespace public et ses primtres. Dans une perspective conceptuelle et transdisciplinaire, sous lesquels nous considrons les approches artistiques, paysagres et politiques dans lanalyse du sujet, nous nous intressons aux frontires des modes dexpression artistique et les moyens de les reprsenter. En somme, nous souhaitons saisir ce que lon considre comme lart public dans lamnagement urbain montralais et gnrer des connaissances plus gnrales. Notre revue de littrature et les observations faites sur le terrain rvlent de nouveaux enjeux qui influencent les pratiques artistiques et la perception que peut susciter une uvre dart public aujourdhui. Nous examinons les facteurs qui les influencent ce jour. En tudiant la question, nous constatons que la tche de dfinir ce qui constitue l'art public est difficile, d'autant plus que les pratiques voluent constamment. Souvent dfinie comme une fonction plus cosmtique quartistique et dans une logique d'quipement, l'art dans l'espace public joue un rle passif et fait l'objet de dbats et de critiques. Pour le public, l'art public est difficile discerner bien que sa prsence semble tre apprcie. Nos rsultats mettent en lumire la complexit des processus politiques, les attentes spcifiques, les rgles et modalits oppressantes pour l'artiste, la difficult saisir les uvres d'art et le manque de mdiatisation pour sensibiliser le public. Avec la politique d'intgration, lart dans les espaces publics rsulte souvent d'une mdiation conflictuelle dans un rapport de compromis et dattentes contrastes afin que soit ralise une uvre. Les rsultats permettent de penser que les processus de slection sont souvent pervers et ferms aux initiatives artistiques. En outre, il serait ncessaire dans ce contexte que les artistes dfinissent mieux leur statut professionnel et leur pratique. Malgr des efforts du Bureau d'art public de Montral, l'art public semble peu peru sur son territoire. Par ailleurs, les nombreuses discussions avec le grand public portent l'attention l'absence de mdiatisation pour les arts publics sur le territoire de Montral.
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Lobjectif de cette thse est double. Premirement, il sagira de comprendre limpact que linternet peut avoir sur la dmocratie, cest--dire de montrer ce que cette technologie change la dmocratie, en dveloppant un cadre conceptuel prcis et en mappuyant sur un corpus empirique important. Il sagira ensuite de dvelopper un projet normatif, afin de montrer ce quil est ncessaire de faire afin de garantir que limpact de linternet sur la dmocratie sera positif. Pour mener bien ces objectifs, il me faudra dabord disposer dune conception claire de la dmocratie. Cest pourquoi je proposerai dans une premire partie de la comprendre partir du concept dautonomie politique dont je proposerai une analyse conceptuelle au premier chapitre. Janalyserai ensuite deux lments centraux de ce concept, savoir la vie prive et lespace public. Je proposerai dans une deuxime partie une analyse la fois prcise et empiriquement fonde de limpact de linternet sur ces deux lments, afin de prsenter un argument qui ne sera pas simplement a priori ou spculatif. Les conclusions que je prsenterai ne vaudront, cependant, que pour linternet tel quil est aujourdhui, car il est certain quil peut voluer. Il est alors tout fait possible que ses proprits cessent de permettre laugmentation de lautonomie politique que je dcris au cours de ma deuxime partie. Il est donc important de mener bien une rflexion normative afin didentifier dans quelle mesure il pourrait tre ncessaire de faire quelque chose afin de garantir limpact positif de linternet sur lautonomie politique. Je montrerai donc dans une dernire partie quil est ncessaire dassurer linternet une architecture non-discriminante, mais quil nest pas ncessaire de protger outre mesure la gnrativit de son cosystme. Je conclurai en montrant limportance doffrir tous des lments dune littratie numrique, si lon souhaite que tous puissent bnficier des opportunits offertes par le rseau des rseaux.
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Abstract: This dissertation generally concentrates on the relationships between gender and space in the present time of urban life in capital city of Tehran. Gender as a changing social construct, differentiated within societies and through time, studied this time by investigation on gender attitude or gender identity means attitudes towards gender issues regarding Tehran residences. Space as a concept integrated from physical and social constituents investigated through focus on spatial attitude means attitudes towards using living spaces including private space of house, semi private semi public space of neighborhood and finally public spaces of the city. Activities and practices in space concentrated instead of physical space; this perspective to space discussed as the most justified implication of space in this debate regarding current situations in city of Tehran. Under a systematic approach, the interactions and interconnections between gender and space as two constituent variables of social organization investigated by focus on the different associations presented between different gender identities and their different spatial identities; in fact, spatial identity manifests gender identity and in opposite direction, spatial identity influences to construction of gender identity. The hypotheses of case study in Tehran defined as followed: Gender identity is reflected on spatial identity. Various gender identities in Tehran present different perspectives of space or they identify space by different values. As gender identity internalizes patriarchal oppression, it internalizes associated spatial oppression too. Within the same social class, different gender identities related to men and women, present interconnected qualities, compared with gender identities related to men or women of different social classes. This situation could be found in the spatial perspectives of different groups of men and women too. Following the upper hypotheses, spatial oppression differs among social classes of Tehran living in different parts of this city. This research undertook a qualitative study in Tehran by interviewing with different parents of both young daughter and son regarding their attitudes towards gender issues from one side and activities and behaviors of their children in different spaces from the other side. Results of case study indicated the parallel changes of parents attitudes towards gender and spatial issues; it means strong connection between gender and space. It revealed association of equal spatial attitudes with open, neutral gender attitudes, and also the association of biased, unequal spatial identities with conservative patriarchal gender identities. It was cleared too that this variable concept gender space - changes by sex; mothers comparing fathers presented more equitable notions towards gender spatial issues. It changes too by social class and educational level, that means gender spatial identity getting more open equitable among more educated people of middle and upper classes. Breadwinning status in the family also presents its effect on the changes of gender spatial identity so participant breadwinners in the family expressed relatively more equitable notions comparing householders and housekeepers. And finally, gender spatial identity changes through place in the city and regarding South North line of the city. The illustration of changes of gender spatial identity from open to conservative among society indicated not only vertical variation across social classes, furthermore the horizontal changing among each social class. These results also confirmed hypotheses while made precision on the third one regarding variable of sex. More investigations pointed to some inclusive spatial attitudes throughout society penetrated to different groups of gender identities, to opens as to conservatives, also to groups between them, by two opposite features; first kind, conservative biased spatial practices in favor of patriarchal gender relations and the second, progressive neutral actions in favor of equal gender relations. While the major reason for the inclusive conservative practices was referred to the social insecurity for women, the second neutral ones associated to more formal & safer spaces of the city. In conclusion, while both trends are associated deeply with the important issues of sex & body in patriarchal thoughts, still strong, they are the consequences of the transitional period of social change in macro level, and the challenges involved regarding interactions between social orders, between old system of patriarchy, the traditional biased gender spatial relations and the new one of equal relations. The case study drew an inhomogeneous illustration regarding gender spatial aspects of life in Tehran, the opposite groups of open and conservative, and the large group of semi open semi conservative between them. In macro perspective it presents contradicted social groups according their general life styles; they are the manifestations of challenging trends towards tradition and modernity in Iranian society. This illustration while presents unstable social situations, necessitates probing solutions for social integration; exploring the directions could make heterogeneous social groups close in the way they think and the form they live in spaces. Democratic approaches like participatory development planning might be helpful for the city in its way to more solidarity and sustainability regarding its social spatial gender as well development, in macro levels of social spatial planning and in micro levels of physical planning, in private space of house and in public spaces of the city.
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This paper discusses the implications of the shifting cultural significance of public open space in urban areas. In particular, it focuses on the increasing dysfunction between people's expectations of that space and its actual provision and management. In doing so, the paper applies Lefebvre's ideas of spatiality to the evident paradigm shift from 'public' to 'private' culture, with its associated commodification of previously public space. While developing the construct of paradigm shift, the paper recognises that the former political notions inherent in the provision of public space remain in evidence. So whereas public parks were formerly seen as spaces of confrontation between the 'rationality' of public order as the 'irrationality' of individual leisure pursuits, they are now increasingly seen, particularly 'out of hours', as the domain of the dispossessed, to be defined and policed as 'dangerous'. Where once people were welcomed into public open spaces as a means of 'educating' them in good, acceptable, leisure practices, therefore, they are now increasingly excluded, but for the same ostensible reasons. Building on survey work undertaken in Reading, Berkshire, the paper illustrates how communities can become separated from 'their' space, leaving them with the overriding impression that they have been 'short-changed' in terms of both the provision and the management of urban open space. Rather than the intimacy of local space for local people, therefore, the paper argues that parks have become externalised places, increasingly responding to commercial definitions of culture and what is 'public'. Central urban open spaces are therefore increasingly becoming sites of stratification, signification of a consumer-constructed citizenship and valorisation of public life as a legitimate element of the market surface of town and city centres.
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Research undertaken through significant public art commission. The researchers were both artists were selected separately by Dr Penelope Curtis of Tate and then the shortlist was awarded through competition (peer reviewed by Critics and Artist in Germany) part of the Heidenheim Sculpture Biennial, Germany (18K). The work was realised by two companies in Heidenheim. Where is Heidenheim? was based within the Heidenheim Zietung newspaper[HZ] and drew together a site of a local paper in a small town in Germany with other local International papers; Wendover Times Utah, USA;, Limerick Leader, Ireland; Free Imphal Press, Manipur, India; Hibr, Lebanon; Namibia Times, Namibia and The Countryman, Tasmania, Australia. Each of these papers ran a story showing a sign erected onto HZ in Heidenheim, which was subsequently printed inside HZ itself linking together sites and local voices. Project research identifying global partners was conducted through the management of a PhD research student from the BU Media School - Venkata Vermuri. The work for both artists expands the context of their research into the impact of global networks on public art, and the traditions and norms of public art being confined to single geographical sites. This research indicates the potential for media as a common public space that can also be used.
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The narrative of the United States is of a "nation of immigrants" in which the language shift patterns of earlier ethnolinguistic groups have tended towards linguistic assimilation through English. In recent years, however, changes in the demographic landscape and language maintenance by non-English speaking immigrants, particularly Hispanics, have been perceived as threats and have led to calls for an official English language policy.This thesis aims to contribute to the study of language policy making from a societal security perspective as expressed in attitudes regarding language and identity originating in the daily interaction between language groups. The focus is on the role of language and American identity in relation to immigration. The study takes an interdisciplinary approach combining language policy studies, security theory, and critical discourse analysis. The material consists of articles collected from four newspapers, namely USA Today, The New York Times, Los Angeles Times, and San Francisco Chronicle between April 2006 and December 2007.Two discourse types are evident from the analysis namely Loyalty and Efficiency. The former is mainly marked by concerns of national identity and contains speech acts of security related to language shift, choice and English for unity. Immigrants are represented as dehumanised, and harmful. Immigration is given as sovereignty-related, racial, and as war. The discourse type of Efficiency is mainly instrumental and contains speech acts of security related to cost, provision of services, health and safety, and social mobility. Immigrants are further represented as a labour resource. These discourse types reflect how the construction of the linguistic 'we' is expected to be maintained. Loyalty is triggered by arguments that the collective identity is threatened and is itself used in reproducing the collective 'we' through hegemonic expressions of monolingualism in the public space and semi-public space. The denigration of immigrants is used as a tool for enhancing societal security through solidarity and as a possible justification for the denial of minority rights. Also, although language acquisition patterns still follow the historical trend of language shift, factors indicating cultural separateness such as the appearance of speech communities or the use of minority languages in the public space and semi-public space have led to manifestations of intolerance. Examples of discrimination and prejudice towards minority groups indicate that the perception of worth of a shared language differs from the actual worth of dominant language acquisition for integration purposes. The study further indicates that the efficient working of the free market by using minority languages to sell services or buy labour is perceived as conflicting with nation-building notions since it may create separately functioning sub-communities with a new cultural capital recognised as legitimate competence. The discourse types mainly represent securitising moves constructing existential threats. The perception of threat and ideas of national belonging are primarily based on a zero-sum notion favouring monolingualism. Further, the identity of the immigrant individual is seen as dynamic and adaptable to assimilationist measures whereas the identity of the state and its members are perceived as static. Also, the study shows that debates concerning language status are linked to extra-linguistic matters. To conclude, policy makers in the US need to consider the relationship between four factors, namely societal security based on collective identity, individual/human security, human rights, and a changing linguistic demography, for proposed language intervention measures to be successful.
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Artists have spent a century claiming Egypt for the Egyptians. Now the powerful murals of January 25 have created a new public space dedicated to every citizen.
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Why should a progressive planner/urbanist pay attention to the Spanish 15M movement? From a disciplinary standpoint, its most complex and interesting aspect, which could hypothetically be transferred to other contexts (as in fact happened in the Occupy Wall Street and Occupy London movements), is its 'spatiality'. This article analyses the spatial practices of the so called #spanishrevolution, one of the 2011 social movements that showed the possibility for a new collective appropriation and self-management (autogestion) of urban public space. Although the political goals of the movement were vague at the time of its inception, the practices and spatial imaginaries deployed by it have become consolidated and proven to be yet another of its more successful facets in promoting the spreading and organisation of the protest, making it a phenomenon that calls for reflection on the part of urban thinkers and planners.
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The famous plan for Toulouse-Le Mirail, by Candilis/Josic/Woods (1961), proposed a radical and hitherto new public space, the dalle, an elevated linear ?stem? that wove the whole urban intervention and concentrated all the commercial, social and cultural activity of the neighbourhood. However, the project is today stigmatized as a total social failure. The dalle has been demolished and a traditional commercial street has been implemented. Was demolition the sole alternative for Le Mirail?s future? This paper aims at identifying certain themes around the conception of the dalle, capable of informing today?s theory and practice in the design of new shopping/public-scapes. It reflects on both the most positive values of the project and on its naiveties and mistakes, conscious of the social unrest that aggrandized them. Ultimately, it calls for a deeper reflection on the urban proposals of the Modern Movement, beyond demolition as the only possible solution.
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The spatial processes deployed by the 15-M movement in Spain include elements of social change that exceed the limits of conventional politics. Located at a liminal level, these processes operate in the often unnoticed realm of the micro-politics of urban everyday life and the regimes of place that regulate it, providing new criteria for understanding sociospatial and urban phenomena. This article shows how public space, its representations and the spatialities associated with them have served as a support for, have determined and, ultimately, have been reshaped and transformed by the Spanish indignados (outraged), in particular in the city and the metropolitan area of Madrid. Drawing on a series of theoretical approaches to the articulation of recent revolts, the deployment of a prefigurative politics and the occupation of public space, I will give an experience-based account of the spatial constitution and effects of these connections in and around Madrids Puerta del Sol. As a whole, the indignados occupations and actions provide urban theory with conceptual and practical tools to imagine alternative forms of collective commitment in the production of spaces of hope for social progress and generalized self-management.
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Offensive behaviour and offensive language - new Queensland public nuisance offence - interpretation and enforcement by police and magistrates - impact of changes to legislation on the number and nature of prosecutions for legally unacceptable behaviour and language coming before the courts - results of empirical study indicate that public nuisance offence is not meeting its objectives - not being targeted only at behaviour which threatens the safety or security of people using public space as was its intention.
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The complex relationship between marginalized people, 'public nuisance type offences' and fines law is explored. Court observation research conducted in Brisbane is reported which suggests that indigent people are more likely than others to appear before the court on charges related to public space offences, and that they are just as likely as others to receive a fine in response to their offending behaviour despite the legislative provisions aimed at avoiding this
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This thesis explores the role of public space as an integral part of residential design to promote a sense of community, where neighbors can congregate and children can play in safety. ^ Through research and analysis of successful public spaces, I evaluated relationships between dwellings and public spaces that offer progressive levels of privacy, and between indoor and outdoor spaces. Further research of published studies on child development, human behavior and relationships with nature identified a human preference for natural environments, a need for adequate recreation space for children's development and the potential of open spaces to build a strong sense of community. ^ My project develops multiple transitional spaces between the street and the interior of dwellings that provide varying degrees of privacy closely related to the community's green spaces. The result is a community-oriented pedestrian environment that encourages family and community values and contributes to the healthy living of its residents without depriving them of their privacy. ^
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Thesis (Master's)--University of Washington, 2016-06
