1000 resultados para Épistémiologie médicale


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Statistics has become an indispensable tool in biomedical research. Thanks, in particular, to computer science, the researcher has easy access to elementary "classical" procedures. These are often of a "confirmatory" nature: their aim is to test hypotheses (for example the efficacy of a treatment) prior to experimentation. However, doctors often use them in situations more complex than foreseen, to discover interesting data structures and formulate hypotheses. This inverse process may lead to misuse which increases the number of "statistically proven" results in medical publications. The help of a professional statistician thus becomes necessary. Moreover, good, simple "exploratory" techniques are now available. In addition, medical data contain quite a high percentage of outliers (data that deviate from the majority). With classical methods it is often very difficult (even for a statistician!) to detect them and the reliability of results becomes questionable. New, reliable ("robust") procedures have been the subject of research for the past two decades. Their practical introduction is one of the activities of the Statistics and Data Processing Department of the University of Social and Preventive Medicine, Lausanne.

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Objectifs du guide de prévention: Offrir aux médecins de premier recours, et en particulier à ceux du groupe AMI [Association des médecins indépendants], un document sur la médecine préventive qui établit les modalités pratiques d'une approche individuelle au cabinet individuel, selon une perspective de standard de qualité. Offrir aux patients de 50 ans un contrôle de santé et un conseil médical aptes à leur donner les moyens d'acquérir des aptitudes pour mieux contrôler leur santé. [Table des matières] Préambule. Corpus scientifique (la prévention en pratique clinique et la médecine fondée sur les preuves; etc.). Illustration de quelques facteurs peu scientifiques qui influencent le choix des examens préventifs par le médecin traitant. Recommandations pour la prévention dans le bilan de santé à 50 ans. Annexes: Fiches de prévention (consommation à risque et alcoolo-dépendance; dépistage du cancer du sein; désaccoutumance au tabac: algorithmes; vaccinations de routine de l'adulte).