1000 resultados para Áreas de Proteção Ambiental


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The State of Paraíba is one of the most dynamic states of Brazil, strategically located in the northeast, is notable for the excellent potential for integration of different transportation modes forming the states of Rio Grande do Norte, Pernambuco and Alagoas. The dynamic that occurs with port activity causes changes in the space where it is installed. And the elements of this space are always more than suffering direct or indirect influences as the flow in the port is expanded. Therefore, this region became subject to the accidental spillage of oil, because it presents a heavy traffic of ships of various sizes that can run aground or collide with oil causing accidental events. The study of geomorphological and sedimentological compositions of seafloor becomes important as more is known about the relationships between these parameters and associated fauna, and can identify their preferred habitats. The database background, acoustically collected along the proposed study area, is a wealth of information, which were duly examined, cataloged and made available. Such information can serve as an important tool, providing a geomorphological survey of the sedimentary area studied, and come to subsidize, in a flexible, future decision making. With the study area Port of Cabedelo, Paraíba - Brazil, this research aimed to evaluate the influence of the tidal surface and background in modeling the seabed, including the acquisition of information about the location of submerged rocky bodies and the depth of these bodies may turn out to be natural traps for the trapping of oil in case of leaks, and obtain the relationship between types of bed and the hydrodynamic conditions present in the region. In this context, for this study were collected bathymetric data (depth) and physical oceanographic (height of water column, water temperature, intensity and direction of currents, waves and turbidity), meteorological (rainfall, air temperature, humidity, winds and barometric pressure) of the access channel to the Port of Cabedelo / PB and its basin evolution (where the cruise ships dock), and includes tools of remote sensing (Landsat 7 ETM +, 2001), so that images and the results are integrated into Geographic Information Systems and used in the elaboration of measures aimed at environmental protection areas under the influence of this scale facilities, serving as a grant to prepare a contingency plan in case of oil spills in the region. The main findings highlight the techniques of using hydroacoustic data acquisition together bathymetric surveys of high and low frequency. From there, five were prepared in bathymetric pattern of Directorate of Hydrography and Navigation - DHN, with the depth in meters, on a scale of 1:2500 (Channel and Basin Evolution of Access to Port of Cabedelo), where there is a large extent possible beachrocks that hinder the movement of vessels in the port area, which can cause collisions, running aground and leaking oil. From the scatter diagram of the vectors of currents, it can be seen as the tidal stream and undergoes a channeling effect caused by the bidirectional effect of the tide (ebb and flood) in the basin of the Port of Cabedelo evolution in NW-direction SE and the highest speed of the currents occurs at low tide. The characterization weather for the period from 28/02 to 04/07/2010 values was within the expected average for the region of study. The multidisciplinary integration of products (digital maps and remote sensing images), proved to be efficient for the characterization of underwater geomorphological study area, reaching the aim to discriminate and enhance submerged structures, previously not visible in the images

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Gasteroid fungi include several distinct lineages of basidiomycetes that were grouped by presenting some striking features in common like angiocarpic development and passive release of basidiospores. For a long period these fungi were accomodate in Gasteromycetes class. However, biochemistry and molecular studies showed the polyphyly of this group and curriently this class lies devoid of taxonomic value. These organisms influence the ecology of the various biomes, however, are poorly studied and knowledge of their diversity in neotropical ecosystems remains insufficient, despite studies that have been developed in recent years. The Brazilian semiarid region has many areas with an unexplored mycobiota. Ceará State has many areas of extreme biological importance and for this study three protected areas were chosen: Área de Proteção Ambiental da Serra da Ibiapaba, Parque Nacional de Ubajara and Área de Proteção Ambiental de Baturité. Therefore, the aim of this study was to inventory gasteroid fungi ocorring in these three areas in the semiarid region of Ceará. The expeditions, herborization and analysis of specimes were based in traditional methodology used to identify gasteroid fungi. Were identified 16 species belong to 5 families: Agaricaceae, Clathraceae, Geastraceae, Nidulariceae and Phallaceae. Morganella nuda Alfredo & Baseia is recorded for the second time in the world, Blumenavia angolensis (Welw. & Curr) Dring and Mutinus elegans (Mont.) E. Fisch. corresponds to a first record in the Brazilian Northeastern. Except for Abrachium floriforme (Baseia & Calonge) Baseia & T.S. Cabral and Geastrum lloydianum Rick, all remaining species are new records for Ceará, increasing the list of gasteroid fungi in the region of 3 for 17 species. Identified species were deposited in the collection of the Herbarium of Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte. Although these areas have proved conducive to the study of gasteroid fungi, more efforts are still needed to increase knowledge of these fungi in the region

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The rapid growth of the Brazilian cities in the latest years has brought a series of problems regarding housing policies and, therefore, the provision of dwellings for the low-income class people. Following the pattern of other capital cities, Natal has repeated the pattern of urbanization practiced in the country, which concentrates the low-income class inhabitants in specific zones of the city known as peripheries or even in a dwelling place for less-favored classes such as Felipe Camarão, which is one of ten boroughs belonging to the western administrative zone, a region which has historically received less attention from the public administrators towards infrastructure investments. Based on those aspects, the general objective of this work is to investigate which main social-environmental alterations have resulted from the processes of urbanization and field occupation in that area. The specific objectives are concerned with verifying 1) the process of urbanization and the process of dividing urban soil from the 1960s; 2) the current configuration of the public spaces in the borough; 3) the process of the deprivation of the original landscape characteristics of Environmental Protection Zones; 4) the dynamics of land occupation which are predominant in dune areas; 5) the dynamics of land occupation which are predominant in mangrove areas; 6) and the destruction of green covering on the land with its consequent alteration of the local floristic pattern. The methodology consisted of in-loco visits; the application of questionnaires as community research; a survey of bibliography published by the organisms and institutions in charge of carrying out the city hall s environmental and housing policies; and descriptive statistics of the collected data. Concerning the pattern of occupation which is predominant in the borough, the treatment of space dispensed by the local dwellers has culminated in the emergence and consolidation of environmental alterations which are clearly different from common occurrence in both the building area represented by housing complexes and in the green areas represented by dunes and mangroves. The data show that there was the predominance of the irregular land occupation process over the official housing policy during the population settlement which contributed with a series of frequent and foreseeable problems in the dynamics of urbanization of poverty such as invasions and appropriations of land parcels, the beginning of irregular arrangement of streets, the formation of villages and slums, which are full of self-constructed housing units, and the occupation and degradation of susceptibly fragile environmental areas such as the dune slopes and the mangroves

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The aim of this study is to investigate the eco-environmental vulnerability, its changes, and its causes to develop a management system for application of eco-environmental vulnerability and risk assessment in the Apodi-Mossory estuary, Northeast Brazil. This analysis is focused on the interference of the landscape conditions, and its changes, due to the following factors: the oil and natural gas industry, tropical fruits industry, shrimp farms, marine salt industry, occupation of the sensitive areas; demand for land, vegetation degradation, siltation in rivers, severe flooding, sea level rise (SLR), coastal dynamics, low and flat topography, high ecological value and tourism in the region and the rapid growth of urbanization. Conventional and remote sensing data were analyzed using modeling techniques based on ArcGIS, ER-Mapper, ERDAS Imagine and ENVI software. Digital images were initially processed by Principal Component Analysis and transformation of the maximum fraction of noise, and then all bands were normalized to reduce errors caused by bands of different sizes. They were integrated in a Geographic Information System analysis to detect changes, to generate digital elevation models, geomorphic indices and other variables of the study area. A three band color combination of multispectral bands was used to monitor changes of land and vegetation cover from 1986 to 2009. This task also included the analysis of various secondary data, such as field data, socioeconomic data, environmental data and prospects growth. The main objective of this study was to improve our understanding of eco-environmental vulnerability and risk assessment; it´s causes basically show the intensity, its distribution and human-environment effect on the ecosystem, and identify the high and low sensitive areas and area of inundation due to future SLR, and the loss of land due to coastal erosion in the Apodi-Mossoró estuary in order to establish a strategy for sustainable land use. The developed model includes some basic factors such as geology, geomorphology, soils, land use / land cover, vegetation cover, slope, topography and hydrology. The numerical results indicate that 9.86% of total study area was under very high vulnerability, 29.12% high vulnerability, 52.90% moderate vulnerability and 2.23% were in the category of very low vulnerability. The analysis indicates that 216.1 km² and 362.8 km² area flooded on 1m and 10m in sea levels respectively. The sectors most affected were residential, industrial and recreational areas, agricultural land, and ecosystems of high environmental sensitivity. The results showed that changes in eco-environmental vulnerability have a significant impact on the sustainable development of the RN state, since the indicator is a function of sensitivity, exposure and status in relation to a level of damage. The model were presented as a tool to assist in indexing vulnerability in order to optimize actions and assess the implications of decisions makers and policies regarding the management of coastal and estuarine areas. In this context aspects such as population growth, degradation of vegetation, land use / land cover, amount and type of industrialization, SLR and government policies for environmental protection were considered the main factors that affect the eco-environmental changes over the last three decades in the Apodi-Mossoró estuary.

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Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Ciência do Solo) - FCAV

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Irrigação e Drenagem) - FCA

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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RESUMO: Foi estudada a importância do Jardim Botânico Rodrigues Alves para seus visitantes. Para tal, foi verificada a história, a influência e o sentimento a respeito dessa área verde de preservação. Para a interpretação, utilizou-se o método de questionários aos visitantes. Dessa forma, foi abordada a conscientização ambiental sobre o Jardim Botânico Rodrigues Alves e suas representações sociais. No geral, este trabalho indicou os sentimentos dos visitantes do Jardim Botânico e sua importância para os tomadores de decisões.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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O Sistema Nacional de Unidades de Conservação (SNUC), instituído pela Lei 9985/00, prevê a criação de cinco categorias de unidades de conservação de proteção integral (UCPI) e de sete de uso sustentável. Dentre as categorias do grupo de proteção integral encontra-se a categoria Parque, podendo ser Nacional, Estadual ou Natural Municipal, conforme o ente instituidor. Esta categoria pode ser criada tanto em área rural como em área urbana, indistintamente. É muito comum se deparar com a presença humana nos limites dos Parques, seja por populações tradicionais, em áreas rurais, ou ocupações desordenadas, em áreas urbanas. A lei não faz a distinção rural/urbana, mas prevê o realocamento das populações tradicionais, cuja presença não se revela prejudicial à área protegida. De forma oposta, as concentrações humanas residentes em Parques localizados em áreas urbanas tornam-se prejudiciais à proteção da área especialmente protegida, visto que apresentam elevado grau de impactação ambiental, não se preocupando com a preservação ou conservação como as populações tradicionais, estas extremamente dependentes dos recursos naturais para sua subsistência. A partir da hipótese de que a mesma categoria de UCPI, em especial os Parques, pode abrigar grupamentos humanos diferenciados (populações tradicionais, em área rural, e pessoas invasoras, em área urbana), buscou-se analisar os princípios colidentes que permeiam a situação, no sentido de ponderá-los, aplicando o que tiver maior peso. Diante da dimensão axiológica no tratamento das populações tradicionais, conclui-se que seja razoável sua permanência em UCPI localizadas em áreas rurais, porém, inadmissível a presença humana nas situadas em regiões urbanas.

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A ocupação das áreas de mananciais - especificamente no extremo da zona sul de São Paulo, desde algum tempo, tem tomado lugar nas pautas de discussões dos programas políticos. Esses programas têm por objetivo, aparentemente, melhorar a relação entre a moradia e a preservação ambiental. Estas regiões consideradas estratégicas e de extrema importância para São Paulo tem preocupado e exigido ações do Estado cada vez mais rápidas. Isso acontece pelo crescente aumento do número de habitantes, pelo potencial hídrico e ecológico que representa aquele espaço e a constante pressão da população de baixa renda reivindicando desde sempre seu direito a morar. O Trabalho procurou demonstrar como este problema estrutural está sendo tratado pelo poder público dentro da Cidade de São Paulo, enfocando particularmente o Distrito de Parelheiros

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Sugar cane production is of the utmost importance to the economy of the entire Brazil, due to its multiple utility, being used as the raw material for the manufacture of various items, particularly, sugar and alcohol. In areas of sugarcane monoculture, the appropriate management of soils and water is essential, not only for the maintenance of the quality of the environment, but also for the quality of life of the population. Among the main impacts generated by the cultivation of sugar cane, stands out the withdrawal of the riparian forest, which is essential to the balance and maintenance of the ecosystem. Before that, the present work aimed at mapping the environmentally vulnerable areas in the basin of a tributary of the Corumbataí river, located in the district Santa Olímpia, in the city of Piracicaba-SP. For the purpose, techniques were used in Geoprocessing, aiming to produce thematic maps of Slope, for the Use and Occupation of Land, of Permanent Preservation Areas (APP), Soil and Geological of the basin of interest. From these mappings, the analysis was performed multi-criteria, which resulted in the Map of Environmental Vulnerability. This mapping environmental assessment of the study area, indicating proposals of practices for the management and conservation of soil and water resources, for the purpose of improving the environmental quality of the analyzed area. In this way, the research of this nature, may help in the decision-making on the part of the governmental bodies as well as civil society

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A ocupação inconsequente do território e a aplicação de técnicas agropastoris altamente degradantes ao meio ambiente, no Estado de São Paulo, culminaram em uma diminuição da cobertura vegetal nativa preservada de apenas 14% da cobertura original. Nesse cenário, o Novo Código Florestal, de 1964, regulamentava a proteção das chamadas Áreas de Preservação Permanente e a aplicação da área de Reserva Legal, que consistia em uma porcentagem da área total da propriedade rural destinada à preservação para a manutenção da biodiversidade local. Com a função de guiar as propostas de recuperação das áreas degradadas e de preservação dos remanescentes nativos, um Programa de Adequação Ambiental foi desenvolvido no presente estudo. Seu objetivo é adequar uma pequena propriedade rural, localizada no município de São Carlos – SP, às leis ambientais, com a finalidade de torná-la o mais ecologicamente sustentável possível. Com o auxilio de imagens de satélite disponíveis gratuitamente na internet e programas de SIG (ArcGis, Stitch Maps), o Programa de Adequação Ambiental da Estância 4R avaliou os usos e ocupações da propriedade, indicando que mais da metade da propriedade (35 ha) são destinados à criação de gado de corte e quase todo o restante (20 ha) está arrendado para o cultivo de cana-de-açúcar, e sugeriu propostas de restauração da área de Reserva Legal, cuja área deve ser de 12 ha, bem como sua localização, ao sul da propriedade. Como ação de restauração, foi proposto o consórcio de espécies arbóreas nativas com linhas de plantio de café de sombra, em um sistema de plantio conhecido como Agroflorestal

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O Litoral Norte do Estado de São Paulo compõe uma região estratégica, notada pela importância de suas Áreas Protegidas (AP), sobretudo, pela presença humana em Unidades de Conservação (UC), um tema cada vez mais presente no debate sobre a proteção ambiental em territórios ocupados por grupos tradicionais que exercem uso diferenciado dos recursos naturais. Diante desse contexto, torna-se uma necessidade, viabilizar diretrizes para a gestão territorial ao possibilitar o compartilhamento das decisões acerca do uso do território, visando à conservação ambiental e proteção da cultura remanescente dos grupos sociais residentes no interior das UC. O presente trabalho busca dimensionar os aspectos de interação com o ambiente, através das formas de uso mantidas sobre os recursos naturais, como característica de reprodução sociocultural, premissa à proteção e manutenção do modo de vida das famílias residentes do Núcleo Picinguaba do Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar no município de Ubatuba-SP. No intuito de compatibilizar diretrizes para o planejamento da UC, evidenciou-se a relação da formação histórica da área, tal como, a interação exercida sobre ao ambiente e a resistência territorial, ao abordar a questão cultural e o modo de vida dos residentes tradicionais da Zona Histórico-Cultural Antropológica (ZHCAn) do Sertão do Ubatumirim. Foram sistematizadas informações para uma abordagem teórico-conceitual a respeito da cultura tradicional caiçara e do recorte geográfico do território, possibilitando a compreensão da dinâmica de produção do espaço em uma área ambientalmente protegida. A partir dessa caracterização da área foram indicadas zonas prioritárias ao planejamento territorial, voltado ao ordenamento ambiental e à gestão do uso dos recursos naturais em uma abordagem diferenciada na relação do ordenamento para as áreas...