Higher order statistics for lognormal small-scale fading in mobile radio channels

This letter reports the statistical characterization and modeling of the indoor radio channel for a mobile wireless personal area network operating at 868 MHz. Line of sight (LOS) and non-LOS conditions were considered for three environments: anechoic chamber, open office area and hallway. Overall, the Nakagami-m cdf best described fading for bodyworn operation in 60% of all measured channels in anechoic chamber and open office area environments. The Nakagami distribution was also found to provide a good description of Rician distributed channels which predominated in the hallway. Multipath played an important role in channel statistics with the mean recorded m value being reduced from 7.8 in the anechoic chamber to 1.3 in both the open office area and hallway.

Higher order statistics for the κ–μ distribution

Closed-form expressions for the level crossing rate and average fade duration of a kappa–mu distributed fading signal envelope are presented. The proposed equations are validated by reduction to known Rice, Rayleigh and Nakagami-m special cases. They are also compared with measured data obtained from field trials analysing human body to body radio channels and shown to provide good agreement.