Peso de abate de machos não-castrados para produção do bovino jovem. 2. Peso, Idade e caracteristicas da carcaça

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Yield and fruit size distribution of processing tomato cultivars

The productivity and fruit size distribution of 28 processing tomato cultivars were analyzed to determine the ones with potential for fresh market. The experiment was done in Jaboticabal-SP, Brazil (21o15'22'' South, 48o18'58'' West, altitude 595 m), in a Haplorthox soil, from June to December. The cultivars H 7155, Hypeel 108, Andino, U 573, H 9036, Ipa 6, H 9494, AG 33, Yuba, RPT 1294, AG 72, Peelmech, Curicó, Hypeel 45, RPT 1478, H 9492, H 9498, H 2710, Hitech 45, Halley, Botu 13, H 9553, U 646, NK 1570, AG 45, RPT 1095, RPT 1570 and PSX 37511 were evaluated. The experimental design was randomized blocks, with four repetitions, and five plants per experimental unit. Fruits harvested from each experimental unit were counted, classified by transversal diameter (large, medium, small, very small and cull) and then weighed. Cultivars AG 72, H 9498, Hypeel 45, RPT 1095 and Curicó yielded more than 70 fruits per plant, on average. The total production per plant of cultivars AG 72, H 9498, Hypeel 45, H 7155, Hypeel 108, Halley, Hitech, RPT 1095, H 9494, H 9036 and Curicó was greater than 4 kg. Considering the weight of large and medium fruits, categories which are important for fresh market, the cultivars H 2710, Botu 13, U 573, Hypeel 45, Yuba, RPT 1294 and Ipa 6 presented values above 50% for production.

Total and harvest-date yield of processing tomato cultivars

The productivity of 28 tomato cultivars was evaluated over three stages of harvest. The study was carried out during from June to December of 1999 in an open field at the experimental area of the Section of Olericulture and Aromatic Medicinal Plants, Department of Crop Production at FCAV-UNESP, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil. The cultivars studied were H 7155, Hypeel, Andino, U 573, H 9036, IPA 6, H 9494, AG 33, Yuba, RPT 1294, AG 72, Pelmeech, Curico, Hypeel 45, RPT 1478, H 9492, H 9498, H 2710, Hitech 45, Halley, Botu 13, H 9553, U 646, NK 1570, AG 45, RPT 1095, RPT 1570, and PSX 37511. The experimental design was a randomized block design with four repetitions, with five plants per plot. Productivity was evaluated at three stages of harvest at 119, 149 and 179 days after seeding. There were no significant differences among the cultivars at the first harvest (119 days). The majority of the cultivars produced their highest yield at the second harvest; the most productive cultivars were Curicó and AG 72, which yielded 4.69 and 4.67 kg/plant, respectively, although they did not differ statistically from the cultivars Hypeel 45 (4.35 kg/plant) and H 9498 (4.16 kg/plant). Yields of the cultivars Andino and H 9494 were evenly distributed between the second and third harvests. At the third harvest, cultivar IPA 6 had the highest yield (2.9 kg/plant) and was statistically different from all other cultivars except H 9036 (2.34 kg). These two cultivars had the most delayed and concentrated maturity, making them suitable for mechanical harvesting, although at a later time. Cultivar AG 72 had the greatest total yield (5.76 kg/plant), but it was not statistically different from cultivars Hypeel 45 (5.43 kg), Curico (4.17 kg), H 9498 (4.83 kg), H 7155 (4.58 kg) and Halley (4.55 kg). All of the cultivars, with the exception of cultivars H 9036, IPA 6, Andino and H 9494 showed in the second harvest concentrated maturity, making it suitable for mechanical harvesting.

Factors that cause genotype by environment interaction and use of a multiple-trait herd-cluster model for milk yield of Holstein cattle from Brazil and Colombia

Descriptive herd variables (DVHE) were used to explain genotype by environment interactions (G x E) for milk yield (MY) in Brazilian and Colombian production environments and to develop a herd-cluster model to estimate covariance components and genetic parameters for each herd environment group. Data consisted of 180,522 lactation records of 94,558 Holstein cows from 937 Brazilian and 400 Colombian herds. Herds in both countries were jointly grouped in thirds according to 8 DVHE: production level, phenotypic variability, age at first calving, calving interval, percentage of imported semen, lactation length, and herd size. For each DVHE, REML bivariate animal model analyses were used to estimate genetic correlations for MY between upper and lower thirds of the data. Based on estimates of genetic correlations, weights were assigned to each DVHE to group herds in a cluster analysis using the FASTCLUS procedure in SAS. Three clusters were defined, and genetic and residual variance components were heterogeneous among herd clusters. Estimates of heritability in clusters 1 and 3 were 0.28 and 0.29, respectively, but the estimate was larger (0.39) in Cluster 2. The genetic correlations of MY from different clusters ranged from 0.89 to 0.97. The herd-cluster model based on DVHE properly takes into account G x E by grouping similar environments accordingly and seems to be an alternative to simply considering country borders to distinguish between environments.

Water table effects on bean yield and nitrate distribution in the soil profile

In order to evaluate the bean yield under different water table levels as well as the moisture and nitrate distribution in the soil profile, a field experiment was carried out at the experimental area from the College of Agronomic Sciences - UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brazil. Beans were grown in field lysimeters and subjected to five water table depths:30; 40; 50; 60 and 70 cm. The moisture in the soil profile was gravimetrically determined through samples obtained at 10; 20; 30; 40; 50; 60 and 70cm of depth. The water table depths of 30cm and 40cm showed the highest productivities (3,228.4 kg.ha-1 and 3,422.1 kg.ha-1, respectively), showing no statistical differences between each other. The highest productivity was related to the two most elevated water table levels (30 and 40cm), which provided the highest moisture average values on basis of volume in the soil profile (33.3 e 31%) as well as the consumptive use of water (416 and 396 mm). The nitrate content during the bean cycle at the extraction depth of 60cm has been under the safe drinking limit of 10 mg.1-1 for water table depths of 30; 40; 50 and 60cm, showing the denitrification effectiveness as a way of controlling water table from nitrate pollution. The water table handling allowed the attainment of high bean productivity levels, as well as the reduction of the nitrate level.

Oil wastes as unconventional substrates for rhamnolipid biosurfactant production by Pseudomonas aeruginosa LBI

Oil wastes were evaluated as alternative low-cost substrates for the production of rhamnolipids by Pseudomonas aeruginosa LBI strain. Wastes obtained from soybean, cottonseed, babassu, palm, and corn oil refinery were tested. The soybean soapstock waste was the best substrate, generating 11.7 g/L of rhamnolipids with a surface tension of 26.9 mN/m, a critical micelle concentration of 51.5 mg/L, and a production yield of 75%. The monorhamnolipid RhaC10C10 predominates when P. aeruginosa LBI was cultivated on hydrophobic substrates, whereas hydrophilic carbon sources form the dirhamnolipid Rha2C10C10 predominantly. © 2005 American Chemical Society and American Institute of Chemical Engineers.