Unicoloniality, recognition and genetic differentiation in a native Formica ant.

Some ants have an extraordinary form of social organization, called unicoloniality, whereby individuals mix freely among physically separated nests. This mode of social organization has been primarily studied in introduced and invasive ant species, so that the recognition ability and genetic structure of ants forming unicolonial populations in their native range remain poorly known. We investigated the pattern of aggression and the genetic structure of six unicolonial populations of the ant Formica paralugubris at four hierarchical levels: within nests, among nests within the same population, among nests of populations within the Alps or Jura Mountains and among nests of the two mountain ranges. Ants within populations showed no aggressive behaviour, but recognized nonnestmates as shown by longer antennation bouts. Overall, the level of aggression increased with geographic and genetic distance but was always considerably lower than between species. No distinct behavioural supercolony boundaries were found. Our study provides evidence that unicoloniality can be maintained in noninvasive ants despite significant genetic differentiation and the ability to discriminate between nestmates and nonnestmates.

Post coitum, animal triste : Animals tristos, de Jordi Puntí: una lectura

Aquest treball proposa un estudi del recull de contes de Jordi Puntí, Animals tristos, des d'una directriu bàsica: el plantejament teòric sobre la fragilitat dels vincles humans de la postmodernitat postulat pel sociòleg Zygmunt Bauman en la seva obra Amor líquido. Acerca de la fragilidad de los vínculos humanos. Així, l'objectiu de l'estudi és demostrar que els personatges d'Animals tristos són un reflex de la societat urbana actual i de la naturalesa canviant en les relacions de parella de principis del s. XXI que descriu Bauman. D'aquesta forma, l'anàlisi de l'obra de Puntí, especialment dels seus personatges, és realitzada a través d'un marc teòric de naturalesa sociològica.

Desempenho animal e características de pastos de capim-piatã submetidos a diferentes intensidades de pastejo

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o valor nutritivo, a estrutura do dossel e a produção animal de novilhos em pastos de capim-piatã (Urochloa brizantha, cultivar Piatã), manejados a 15, 30 e 45 cm de altura, sob lotação contínua. Utilizou-se o delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso, com duas repetições e três alturas. As alturas dos pastos foram monitoradas duas vezes por semana, e as taxas de lotação ajustadas. Mensalmente, os pastos foram amostrados e os animais foram pesados. Não houve diferença no valor nutritivo dos pastos manejados com diferentes alturas. Os ganhos médios diários de 650 g por novilho foram semelhantes entre as diferentes alturas de manejo. A taxa de lotação foi menor para o pasto com 45 cm (2,4 UA ha-1), intermediária para o de 30 cm (3,1 UA ha-1) e maior para o manejado com 15 cm (3,8 UA ha-1), o que resultou em maior ganho por área dos pastos manejados com 15 cm (1.050 kg ha-1) e 30 cm (910 kg ha-1) de altura, quando comparados ao manejado a 45 cm (635 kg ha-1). O capim-piatã apresenta grande flexibilidade de manejo sob lotação contínua e pode ser manejado entre 15 e 45 cm de altura.

Urate-induced acute renal failure and chronic inflammation in liver-specific Glut9 knockout mice.

Plasma urate levels are higher in humans than rodents (240-360 vs. â^¼30 μM) because humans lack the liver enzyme uricase. High uricemia in humans may protect against oxidative stress, but hyperuricemia also associates with the metabolic syndrome, and urate and uric acid can crystallize to cause gout and renal dysfunctions. Thus, hyperuricemic animal models to study urate-induced pathologies are needed. We recently generated mice with liver-specific ablation of Glut9, a urate transporter providing access of urate to uricase (LG9KO mice). LG9KO mice had moderately high uricemia (â^¼120 μM). To further increase their uricemia, here we gavaged LG9KO mice for 3 days with inosine, a urate precursor; this treatment was applied in both chow- and high-fat-fed mice. In chow-fed LG9KO mice, uricemia peaked at 300 μM 2 h after the first gavage and normalized 24 h after the last gavage. In contrast, in high-fat-fed LG9KO mice, uricemia further rose to 500 μM. Plasma creatinine strongly increased, indicating acute renal failure. Kidneys showed tubule dilation, macrophage infiltration, and urate and uric acid crystals, associated with a more acidic urine. Six weeks after inosine gavage, plasma urate and creatinine had normalized. However, renal inflammation, fibrosis, and organ remodeling had developed despite the disappearance of urate and uric acid crystals. Thus, hyperuricemia and high-fat diet feeding combined to induce acute renal failure. Furthermore, a sterile inflammation caused by the initial crystal-induced lesions developed despite the disappearance of urate and uric acid crystals.

Digestibilidad aparente de ingredientes de origen vegetal y animal en la cachama

El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar los coeficientes de digestibilidad aparente de materia seca (MS), proteína y energía de alimentos de origen animal y vegetal, utilizados en raciones para cachama (Piaractus brachypomus). Fueron formuladas 15 dietas experimentales, compuestas por 69,5% de una dieta referencia semipurificada, 0,5% de óxido de cromo y 30% del ingrediente a evaluar. En cada experimento, fueron utilizados 90 peces que se alimentaron durante cinco días con la correspondiente dieta; al quinto día, los animales fueron trasladados a tanques cónicos para recolección de heces. Los coeficientes de digestibilidad aparente (CDA) de proteína variaron de 92,1 a 84,7% entre los ingredientes proteicos de origen vegetal, de 85,0 a 68,5% en los proteicos de origen animal, y de 83,7 a 57,6% entre los de origen vegetal con baja proteína. Los CDA de energía de torta de soya, gluten de maíz, harina de yuca integral y de todos los ingredientes de origen animal arrojaron valores superiores a 76%. Los máximos CDA de MS variaron entre 71 y 78% y fueron observados en gluten, harina de yuca y en los ingredientes de origen animal. La cachama tiene alta capacidad para aprovechar eficientemente ingredientes de origen animal y vegetal.

Feeding strategies and energy to protein ratio on tambaqui performance and physiology

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of feed deprivation and refeeding with diets containing different energy to protein ratios (E/P) on the performance and physiology of juvenile tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum). A 4x2 factorial arrangement with three replicates was used, with four E/P ratios (11.5, 10.5, 9.5, and 8.5 kcal g-1 digestible energy per protein) and two feeding regimens (with and without deprivation), during 60 days. Fish from the food-deprived group were fasted for 14 days and refed from the fifteenth to the sixtieth day, whereas the remaining fish were fed for 60 days. At the end of the experimental period, weight of fish subjected to food deprivation was lower than that of those continuously fed; however, this condition did not influence the physiological parameters analyzed. Tambaqui fed 11.5 kcal g-1 achieved lower final weight than those fed with the other diets, in both regimens. Among the physiological parameters, only plasma protein presented significant increase in fish fed 8.5 kcal g-1, in both feeding regimens, probably due to the higher dietary protein concentration. These results indicate that fish show a partial compensatory growth, and that 10.5 kcal g-1 can be recommended for the diet of juvenile tambaqui.