998 resultados para Trabalho - Aspectos sociológicos


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Os Isoptera são insetos sociais cujas colônias apresentam diversas castas, as quais têm um rígido sistema de divisão de trabalho que visa otimizar a eficiência da colônia. Estas castas apresentam morfologia específica, que capacita estes indivíduos a desenvolverem determinadas tarefas com eficiência. Os cupins apresentam aparelho bucal mastigador, constituído pelas seguintes peças bucais: labro, mandíbulas, maxilas, lábio, epifaringe e hipofaringe. Sua dieta alimentar é celulósica e bastante variada, sendo que estes insetos podem se alimentar de madeira (em vários estágios de decomposição), gramíneas, plantas herbáceas, serapilheira, fungos, líquens, partes de artrópodes e húmus. O estudo desse tipo de dieta é muito difícil, uma vez que o material já se encontra bastante decomposto antes de ser ingerido pelo animal. Cornitermes cumulans é uma espécie de cupim nativa do Cerrado brasileiro, pertencente à família Termitidae, subfamília Syntermitinae, que constrói ninhos em montículos, ricos em argila, que podem atingir até 4 metros de altura. Na parte interna dos ninhos, pode-se observar galerias grandes e de aspecto arredondado e um centro celulósico de coloração escura, de textura lisa e pouco resistente, onde os cupins armazenam um alimento, que parece ser previamente mastigado e depois regurgitado. Mesmo com a grande ocorrência desta espécie de cupim nas áreas de pastagens, seus verdadeiros hábitos alimentares são ainda pouco conhecidos. As informações disponíveis são contraditórias, uma vez que não está esclarecido a qual grupo funcional C. cumulans pertence e se existe realmente uma alimentação “in situ” desta espécie no campo. Em vista do exposto, este estudo teve como objetivo geral esclarecer o hábito alimentar de C. cumulans e a natureza química do alimento armazenado no ninho para compará-lo com o alimento coletado pelos... (resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)

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Osteosarcoma is the primary osseous neoplasia frequently diagnosed in dogs and it’s the main answerable for more than 85% of the neoplasias origened from the skeleton. The average age of onset of the lesion is 7 years, especially in large breeds and giant, with males being more affected than females. In general, 75% of osteosarcomas develop in the appendicular skeleton and 25% in the axial. The forelimbs are more affected than the hindlimbs, since support 60% of body weight. The osteosarcoma diagnosis is made by the analys of the animal’s clinic historic, detailed physique exams, blood exams alkaline phosphatase, xray exams, cytology, biopsy. The treatment of choice is the amputation associated to the chemotherapy. However, in some cases the member is preserved by the allograft technic. The chemotherapy associated to the surgery reduces the total load of the tumor, lengthens the interval of the life and improves the quality of pacient’s life. The most used medicines are cisplatin and doxorubicin. They can be used in separated or associated ways. The prognostic of dogs with osteosarcoma is reserved

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Com base nas coletas realizadas em quatro parcelas de um hectare (Designadas pelas letras B, C, D e E localizadas no Núcleo Picinguaba, município de Ubatuba, São Paulo, foi levantada uma base de dados florísticos e fitossociológicos para a família Myrtaceae. Todas as parcelas situam-se em área de ocorrência de Floresta Ombrófila Densa e estão inseridas no Projeto Temático “Composição florística, estrutura e funcionamento da Floresta Ombrófila Densa dos Núcleos Picinguaba e Santa Virgínia do Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar” do Programa BIOTA-FAPESP. O estudo teve como objetivo investigar a influência de Myrtaceae na constituição estrutural e diversidade do componente arbóreo no trecho florestal amostrado. No total foram amostradas 66 espécies para a família, distribuídas em 9 gêneros, sendo que Eugenia foi o gênero de maior riqueza. A parcela B foi a que mais apresentou espécies de Myrtaceae. Dos 4750 indivíduos contemplados, Myrtaceae contribuiu com 861, sendo precedida apenas por Rubiaceae com 922 indivíduos; A parcela E concentrou o maior número deles (223); Da área basal total 106,17 m², Myrtaceae contribui com 16,16 m². Apareceu com frequência absoluta entre 85% e 90% nas quatro parcelas, totalizando 87,5% nos 4 ha. Apresentou diâmetro e altura média de 12,73 cm e 8,17m respectivamente. Foi a família mais importante em todas parcelas (VI), apresentando valor de importância de 15,24% quando calculado para a somatória das quatro parcelas. O índice de Shannon calculado para parcela B, C, D, E e total foi 4,12 nats/ind; 3,98 nats/ind; 4,00 nats/ind; 4,06 nats/ind; 4,23 nats/ind respectivamente. A equabilidade foi 0,82; 082; 0,79; 0,82; 0,76 respectivamente. Para as espécies de Myrtaceae, Marlierea obscura destacou-se em primeiro lugar quanto ao número de indivíduos (83), frequência absoluta (18,5%), dominância absoluta (0,46), sendo assim... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)

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Staphylococcus is one of the more important causes of the called Foodborne Disease(FD), being that from the 40 species described from genus, the more important is Staphylococcus aureus. During years believed that the S. aureus was the only specie from genus able to produce enterotoxins, responsable for the clinical frame in humans, but latest studies report the isolation of other species both positive coagulase (PC) as negative with enterotoxigenic potential. The symptoms of this intoxication appear after a short period of incubation (2-6 hours) and usually characterized by nausea, vomits, abdominal ache, diarrhea, and rarely is fatal. For the toxin to be formed in food is necessary that bacteria population to be at least 105 UFC/g, being that such toxins characterized by presenting great resistance front of gastrointestinal proteases and of homemade termical treatment. Among the main foods that might carry the microorganism, the milk and its derivatives have highlights. The contamination of the product might happen as from the milk from cows with clinical and/or subclinical mastitis, as the Staphylococcus genus is one of the main agents etiologic from this disease, equipments utensils badly sanitized equipments and utensils and from the manipulators. The control of these factors configures as fundamental condition for the achievement of a safe, quality product, which doesn’t offer risk to the consumers

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The purpose of this work is to study the incorporation of hydrogen production (Case A) and the process of gasification of sugarcane bagasse associated with combined cycle gas turbine and steam turbine (Case B) for Distillery Pioneers process. These technologies can be used to improve the energy supply in the sugarcane mill. Initially the processes for obtaining sugar and ethanol from sugarcane is discussed, with a theoretical introduction to hydrogen, the process of steam reforming and gasification of biomass (bagasse) by inserting a turbine associated with the recovery boiler gas. Subsequently makes up the energy and exergy analysis of the incorporation of the above technologies. In end stage makes it an ecological analysis considering or not the carbon cycle (photosynthesis), to determine the levels of emissions of pollutants, carbon dioxide equivalent, indicators of pollution and ecological efficiencies associated with technological developments proposed. It is concluded that hydrogen production by steam reforming of ethanol and gasification of bagasse are viable alternatives from the point of view of technical and environmental applications in the biofuels industry, contributing to the development of the sector in the country

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Urolithiasis occurs with relatively frequency among the diseases that affect the urinary tract of dogs. It`s fundamental that samples of the uroliths are sent for analysis, because, in agreement with the mineral composition of the urolith and also its location, the choice is made between the surgical treatment or the clinical dissolution. Cystotomy is the surgical technique more accomplished in the bladder of small animals, due to its simplicity, when in comparison with other procedures for removal of calculi. With the aid of lithotripsy and endoscopy, the surgical interventions in the urinary treatment tend to be less and less invasive, minimizing the risks of subsequent complications. Chances of recurrence of the urolithiasis are usually larger in patients submitted to the surgical intervention. Besides, the time elapsed among regressive episodes is larger after the clinical dissolution

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The 131I (radioactive iodine) is one of the most used radionuclides in nuclear medicine for diagnosis and treatment. The present study evaluates the dosimetric aspects related to radioiodine therapy after thyroidectomy in patients with thyroid cancer. The samples were studied with 50 patients undergoing treatment, by assessing the exposures of workers (nursing assistants, staff hygiene, medical and physical), the general public (accompanying and family members) and on the environment. To evaluate the workers, was made a survey of the environmental conditions of the room radioiodine and routines adopted by them during the treatment period. Estimating the dose equivalent per month for each employee, we observed that the maximum levels obtained for nursing assistants, the team of hygiene, medical and physicians were considered low in relation to the extent permitted by law. In order to assess the public, some situations have been suggested for the calculation of equivalent doses in which it was possible to verify the fundamental importance of isolating the patient in the 2 days first. Regarding the environment, the radioactive waste generated by patient had volume of 1.0 m3 and activity estimated at 0.91 mCi, taking a decay time for eliminating them about 75 days to reach the allowable value of 2 μCi / kg system of collecting garbage. Therefore, all radioactive waste removed from the patient's room should be sent to the warehouse for temporary storage of radioactive waste, located away from normal work areas