Estratificação de solos em camadas horizontais utilizando evolução diferencial

This work's objective is the development of a methodology to represent an unknown soil through a stratified horizontal multilayer soil model, from which the engineer may carry out eletrical grounding projects with high precision. The methodology uses the experimental electrical apparent resistivity curve, obtained through measurements on the ground, using a 4-wire earth ground resistance tester kit, along with calculations involving the measured resistance. This curve is then compared with the theoretical electrical apparent resistivity curve, obtained through calculations over a horizontally strati ed soil, whose parameters are conjectured. This soil model parameters, such as the number of layers, in addition to the resistivity and the thickness of each layer, are optimized by Differential Evolution method, with enhanced performance through parallel computing, in order to both apparent resistivity curves get close enough, and it is possible to represent the unknown soil through the multilayer horizontal soil model fitted with optimized parameters. In order to assist the Differential Evolution method, in case of a stagnation during an arbitrary amount of generations, an optimization process unstuck methodology is proposed, to expand the search space and test new combinations, allowing the algorithm to nd a better solution and/or leave the local minima. It is further proposed an error improvement methodology, in order to smooth the error peaks between the apparent resistivity curves, by giving opportunities for other more uniform solutions to excel, in order to improve the whole algorithm precision, minimizing the maximum error. Methodologies to verify the polynomial approximation of the soil characteristic function and the theoretical apparent resistivity calculations are also proposed by including middle points among the approximated ones in the verification. Finally, a statistical evaluation prodecure is presented, in order to enable the classication of soil samples. The soil stratification methodology is used in a control group, formed by horizontally stratified soils. By using statistical inference, one may calculate the amount of soils that, within an error margin, does not follow the horizontal multilayer model.

Sistemas de cálculo, análise e operação virtual: interferências de campos elétricos e magnéticos produzidas por estações radio base de acesso múltiplo por divisão de código em banda larga - WCDMA

In this work it was developed mathematical resolutions taking as parameter maximum intensity values for the interference analysis of electric and magnetic fields and was given two virtual computer system that supports families of CDMA and WCDMA technologies. The first family were developed computational resources to solve electric and magnetic field calculations and power densities in Radio Base stations , with the use of CDMA technology in the 800 MHz band , taking into account the permissible values referenced by the Commission International Protection on non-Ionizing Radiation . The first family is divided into two segments of calculation carried out in virtual operation. In the first segment to compute the interference field radiated by the base station with input information such as radio channel power; Gain antenna; Radio channel number; Operating frequency; Losses in the cable; Attenuation of direction; Minimum Distance; Reflections. Said computing system allows to quickly and without the need of implementing instruments for measurements, meet the following calculated values: Effective Radiated Power; Sector Power Density; Electric field in the sector; Magnetic field in the sector; Magnetic flux density; point of maximum permissible exposure of electric field and power density. The results are shown in charts for clarity of view of power density in the industry, as well as the coverage area definition. The computer module also includes folders specifications antennas, cables and towers used in cellular telephony, the following manufacturers: RFS World, Andrew, Karthein and BRASILSAT. Many are presented "links" network access "Internet" to supplement the cable specifications, antennas, etc. . In the second segment of the first family work with more variables , seeking to perform calculations quickly and safely assisting in obtaining results of radio signal loss produced by ERB . This module displays screens representing propagation systems denominated "A" and "B". By propagating "A" are obtained radio signal attenuation calculations in areas of urban models , dense urban , suburban , and rural open . In reflection calculations are present the reflection coefficients , the standing wave ratio , return loss , the reflected power ratio , as well as the loss of the signal by mismatch impedance. With the spread " B" seek radio signal losses in the survey line and not targeted , the effective area , the power density , the received power , the coverage radius , the conversion levels and the gain conversion systems radiant . The second family of virtual computing system consists of 7 modules of which 5 are geared towards the design of WCDMA and 2 technology for calculation of telephone traffic serving CDMA and WCDMA . It includes a portfolio of radiant systems used on the site. In the virtual operation of the module 1 is compute-: distance frequency reuse, channel capacity with noise and without noise, Doppler frequency, modulation rate and channel efficiency; Module 2 includes computes the cell area, thermal noise, noise power (dB), noise figure, signal to noise ratio, bit of power (dBm); with the module 3 reaches the calculation: breakpoint, processing gain (dB) loss in the space of BTS, noise power (w), chip period and frequency reuse factor. Module 4 scales effective radiated power, sectorization gain, voice activity and load effect. The module 5 performs the calculation processing gain (Hz / bps) bit time, bit energy (Ws). Module 6 deals with the telephone traffic and scales 1: traffic volume, occupancy intensity, average time of occupancy, traffic intensity, calls completed, congestion. Module 7 deals with two telephone traffic and allows calculating call completion and not completed in HMM. Tests were performed on the mobile network performance field for the calculation of data relating to: CINP , CPI , RSRP , RSRQ , EARFCN , Drop Call , Block Call , Pilot , Data Bler , RSCP , Short Call, Long Call and Data Call ; ECIO - Short Call and Long Call , Data Call Troughput . As survey were conducted surveys of electric and magnetic field in an ERB , trying to observe the degree of exposure to non-ionizing radiation they are exposed to the general public and occupational element. The results were compared to permissible values for health endorsed by the ICNIRP and the CENELEC .

Wam based space efficient Prolog implementation in Lisp

This thesis proposes the implementation of a space efficient Prolog implementation based on the work of David H. D. Warren and Hassan Aït-Kaci. The Common Lisp is the framework used to the construction of the Prolog system, it was chosen both to provide a space efficient environment and a rich programming language in the sense that it supply the user with abstractions and new ways of thinking. The resulting system is a new syntax to the initial language that runs on top of the SBCL Common Lisp implementation and can abstract away or exploit the underlying system.