Longer immediate recovery time after anesthesia increases risk of respiratory complications after laparotomy for bariatric surgery: a randomized clinical trial and a cohort study

We compared the effects of two anesthesia protocols in both immediate recovery time (IRT) and postoperative respiratory complications (PRCs) after laparotomy for bariatric surgery, and we determined the association between the longer IRT and the increase of PRC incidence. We conducted the study in two stages: (i) in a randomized controlled trial (RCT), patients received either intervention (sevoflurane-remifentanil-rocuronium-ropivacaine) or control protocol (isoflurane-sufentanil-atracurium-levobupivacaine). All patients received general anesthesia plus continuous epidural anesthesia and analgesia. Treatment was masked for all, except the provider anesthesiologist. We defined IRT as time since anesthetics discontinuation until tracheal extubation. Primary outcomes were IRT and PRCs incidence within 15 days after surgery. We also analyzed post-anesthesia care unit (PACU) and hospital length of stays; (ii) after the end of the RCT, we used the available data in an extension cohort study to investigate IRT > 20 min as exposure factor for PRCs. Control protocol (n = 152) resulted in longer IRT (30.4 ± 7.9 vs 18.2 ± 9.6 min; p < 0.0001), higher incidence of PRCs (6.58 vs 2.5 %; p = 0.048), and longer PACU and hospital stays than intervention protocol (n = 200); PRC relative risk (RR) = 2.6. Patients with IRT > 20 min (n = 190) presented higher incidence of PRCs (7.37 vs 0.62 %; p < 0.0001); RR = 12.06. Intervention protocol, with short-acting anesthetics, was more beneficial and safe compared to control protocol, with long-acting drugs, regarding the reduction of IRT, PRCs, and PACU and hospital stays for laparotomy in bariatric patients. We identified a 4.5-fold increase in the relative risk of PRCs when morbid obese patients are exposed to an IRT > 20 min.

Genetic analysis on accumulated productivity and calving intervals in Nelore cattle

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Recovery of gait after quadriceps muscle fatigue

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of recovery time after quadriceps muscle fatigue on gait in young adults. Forty young adults (20-40 years old) performed three 8-m gait trials at preferred velocity before and after muscle fatigue, and after 5, 10 and 20min of passive rest. In addition, at each time point, two maximal isometric voluntary contractions were preformed. Muscle fatigue was induced by repeated sit-to-stand transfers until task failure. Spatio-temporal, kinetic and muscle activity parameters, measured in the central stride of each trial, were analyzed. Data were compared between before and after the muscle fatigue protocol and after the recovery periods by one-way repeated measures ANOVA. The voluntary force was decreased after the fatigue protocol (p<0.001) and after 5, 10 and 20min of recovery compared to before the fatigue protocol. Step width (p<0.001) and RMS of biceps femoris (p<0.05) were increased immediately after the fatigue protocol and remained increased after the recovery periods. In addition, stride duration was decreased immediately after the fatigue protocol compared to before and to after 10 and 20min of rest (p<0.001). The anterior-posterior propulsive impulse was also decreased after the fatigue protocol (p<0.001) and remained low after 5, 10 and 20min of rest. We conclude that 20min is not enough to see full recovery of gait after exhaustive quadriceps muscle fatigue.

Otimização de procedimento para a determinação de maganês em amplo intervalo de concentração por espectrometria de absorção atômica em chama com fonte contínua e alta resolução

This work describes instrumental strategies for the determination of Mn in a wide range concentration by high-resolution continuum source flame atomic absorption spectrometry technique (HR-CS F AAS) by means of different atomic lines (primary at 279.482 nm, secondary at 403.075 nm and alternative at 209.250 nm). These lines provided complementary concentration intervals, and large sample dilutions became unnecessary. The proposed method was applied to tap water, metal alloy certified material and foliar fertilizer. Accuracy for secondary line were evaluated by tests of significance (t Student test) with reference materials from the Institute of Technological Research of São Paulo, and the results were in agreement at the 95% confidence level. For primary and alternative lines, recovery is were in the 84-116% range and the RSD were 6.1% for all wavelengths. Analytical curves in the 0.1 - 2.0 mg L-1 (279.482 nm), 2.0 - 25 mg L-1 (403.075 nm), 25 - 500 mg L-1 (209.250 nm) intervals were obtained with linear correlation coefficient better than 0.9991. The detection limits were 3.3x10-3 mg L-1 (279.482 nm), 7.4 x 10-3 mg L-1 (403.075 nm), 3.9 mg L- 1 (209.250 nm). The found Mn concentrations were < 3.3x10-3 mg L-1 (tap water), 1.00 ± 0.04 (% m/m) (alloy IPT 25), 7235 ± 175 mg L-1 (foliar fertilizer 1), 4990 ± 132 mg L-1 (foliar fertilizer 2). A method was developed to detect interference of Fe in the Mn primary line (279.482 nm) using the ratio of absorbances of other lines of the triplet (279.827 nm and 280,108 nm).

Eletrocardiografia, sedação e qualidade da recuperação do butorfanol ou buprenorfina em cães pré-tratados pela acepromazina

The aim of this work was to evaluate the electrocardiography effects (ECG), sedation time and quality of recovery due to buprenorphine (G1) and butorphanol (G2) administration in dogs pretreated with acepromazine. Seven adult dogs were submitted to both protocols, with a thirty days interval between groups. G1 animals were premedicated with acepromazine (0.1 mg/kg) followed 10 minutes later with buprenorphine (0.005 mg/kg), both applied intravenously. The same procedure was performed for G2 employing butorphanol (0.3 mg/kg) instead of buprenorphine. The measurements of the variables heart rate (HR), duration and amplitude of P wave, P-R intervals (PR), QRS complex duration, R wave amplitude, Q-T intervals (QT) and R-R intervals (RR) were taken immediately before application of acepromazine (M0), 10 minute after administration of acepromazine (M10) and 10 minutes after opioids administration (M20). Serial measurements were carried out in 10 minute intervals after the administration of butorphanol or buprenorphine up to 60 minutes. Numeric data were submitted to Tukey Analysis (p < 0.05). The amplitude of P wave decreased 30 minutes after the administration of the butorphanol. Sedation time was longer in G1 (78 minutes) than G2 (72 minutes) and recovery was good in both groups. These results indicate that butorphanol or buprenorphine produced discreet alterations on ECG, which don´t contraindicate its clinical use.

High-intensity interval training and hypertension: Maximizing the benefits of exercise?

Essential arterial hypertension is the most common risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Regular exercise is a well-established intervention for the prevention and treatment of hypertension. Continuous moderate-intensity exercise training (CMT) that can be sustained for 30 min or more has been traditionally recommended for hypertension prevention and treatment. On the other hand, several studies have shown that high-intensity interval training (HIT), which consists of several bouts of high-intensity exercise (~85% to 95% of HRMAX and/or VO2MAX lasting 1 to 4 min interspersed with intervals of rest or active recovery, is superior to CMT for improving cardiorespiratory fitness, endothelial function and its markers, insulin sensitivity, markers of sympathetic activity and arterial stiffness in hypertensive and normotensive at high familial risk for hypertension subjects. This compelling evidence suggesting larger beneficial effects of HIT for several factors involved in the pathophysiology of hypertension raises the hypothesis that HIT may be more effective for preventing and controlling hypertension.

Efficiency of nitrogen sources and rates on growth and dry matter yield of tifton 85

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

O efeito da contração muscular de membros superiores sobre o sistema nervoso autonômico de pessoas com fatores de risco cardiovascular

Pós-graduação em Desenvolvimento Humano e Tecnologias - IBRC

Recovery Plan for The Blue Whale (Balaenoptera musculus)

Recovery plans identify reasonable actions which are believed to be required to recover and/or protect endangered species. Plans are prepared by the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) and sometimes with the assistance of recovery teams, contractors, State agencies, and others. This plan was prepared by Randall R. Reeves, Phillip J. Clapham, Robert L. Brownell, Jr., and Gregory K. Silber for NMFS. Recovery plans do not necessarily represent the views nor the official positions or approvals of any individuals or agencies, other than those of NMFS, and they represent the views of NMFS only after they have been approved by the Assistant Administrator for Fisheries. Objectives will only be attained and funds expended contingent upon appropriations, priorities, and other budgetary constraints. Approved recovery plans are subject to modification as dictated by new findings, changes in species status, and the completion of recovery tasks described in the plan.