Real-time tree-foliage surface estimation using a ground laser scanner

The optimization of most pesticide and fertilizer applications is based on overall grove conditions. In this work we measurements. Recently, Wei [9, 10] used a terrestrial propose a measurement system based on a ground laser scanner to LIDAR to measure tree height, width and volume developing estimate the volume of the trees and then extrapolate their foliage a set of experiments to evaluate the repeatability and surface in real-time. Tests with pear trees demonstrated that the accuracy of the measurements, obtaining a coefficient of relation between the volume and the foliage can be interpreted as variation of 5.4% and a relative error of 4.4% in the linear with a coefficient of correlation (R) of 0.81 and the foliar estimation of the volume but without real-time capabilities. surface can be estimated with an average error less than 5 %.

The real estate markets : Players, institutions and territories

Revealing the parties, the processes and the institutions and, consequently, both the diversity and contingency of the real estate markets, the existing increasing literature emphasises the contemporary numerous links and interdependencies between real estate, land value, planning and town planning policy and even the financial system. This paper is an attempt to understand all the real estate markets, from the most peripheral ones, where the urban rent is the lowest, to the most dense city centres. To gain a better understanding of the real estate market, a process of firstly deconstruction and then reconstruction is used. The process of deconstruction involves identifying various market trends according to property type (principally residential buildings), players and institutions, territorial situations and temporalities based on research conducted in Switzerland. We then developed a meta-synthesis inspired by Fernand Braudel whose works put as much emphasis on day-to-day economic activity as on long-term activity, and on local as well as global issues.

An embedded real-time red peach detection system based on an OV7670 camera, ARM Cortex-M4 processor and 3D Look-Up Tables

This work proposes the development of an embedded real-time fruit detection system for future automatic fruit harvesting. The proposed embedded system is based on an ARM Cortex-M4 (STM32F407VGT6) processor and an Omnivision OV7670 color camera. The future goal of this embedded vision system will be to control a robotized arm to automatically select and pick some fruit directly from the tree. The complete embedded system has been designed to be placed directly in the gripper tool of the future robotized harvesting arm. The embedded system will be able to perform real-time fruit detection and tracking by using a three-dimensional look-up-table (LUT) defined in the RGB color space and optimized for fruit picking. Additionally, two different methodologies for creating optimized 3D LUTs based on existing linear color models and fruit histograms were implemented in this work and compared for the case of red peaches. The resulting system is able to acquire general and zoomed orchard images and to update the relative tracking information of a red peach in the tree ten times per second.

Produção de morangueiro da cv. Camino Real em sistema de túnel

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a produção da cultivar de morangueiro Camino Real, recentemente introduzida da Califórnia, comparando-a com a das cultivares Aromas e Camarosa, nas condições climáticas do Rio Grande do Sul. O experimento foi realizado em Pelotas, utilizando-se do sistema de produção sob túnel e mudas importadas do Chile. A irrigação foi feita por gotejamento, e a adubação, fornecida via água de irrigação. Em maio de 2006, foi feito o transplantio das mudas no espaçamento de 35 cm entre linhas e entre plantas. Semanalmente, de agosto a dezembro, foram analisadas as variáveis massa fresca e número médio de frutos produzidos. O delineamento experimental foi de blocos casualizados com parcelas subdivididas no tempo, com quatro repetições. As unidades experimentais foram constituídas por 21 plantas. Verificou-se que a produção da cultivar Camino Real (1.121,2 g de frutos comerciais por planta por ano) é semelhante à da 'Aromas' (1.043,3 g) e à da 'Camarosa' (1.038,3 g). Os frutos da 'Camino Real' são maiores e de maior massa (24,6 g) em relação aos da 'Camarosa' (19,5 g) e da 'Aromas' (17,9 g), sendo, no entanto, produzidos em menor número. A máxima massa fresca obtida da cv. Camino Real é de 30,7 g, na 12ª semana de colheita.