Manufacturers' product liability in Australia

The thesis, by examining statute and common law, demonstrates that Australian law is deficient in its endeavour to impose liability on manufacturers for defective products, and also with respect to the provision of compensation to consumers/users who suffer loss or injurty therefrom.

Toward sustainable forest management : the potential contribution of timber certification and product labelling in Victoria

Sustainable forest management has emerged as a major international forestry issue. This research assessed the potential contribution of certification and labelling to sustainable forest management in Victoria. The results indicate a potential demand for certified forest products and a consumer willingness to pay to ensure forests are managed sustainably.

An empirical and logical exploration of the strategic compatibility of best practice and product innovation : preliminary insights from Australian and New Zealand manufacturing industry

In an attempt to enhance debate focused on an established academic controversy, this study re-investigated selected data from the 1994 AMC survey of Australian and New Zealand manufacturing practices to test the hypothesis that best practice and product innovation may be incompatible generic business strategies. A modification of Robert G. Cooper’s Stage-Gate product development model was used as a theoretical framework to create a measurable construct of ‘product innovation’ as a strategy and compare two groups: firms committed to a best practice strategy (BPs) and firms not utilising best practice (Non-BPs). Eight variables were scrutinised. After logical critique was added to statistical data analysis, four major insights emerged.

(1) Tests yielded several statistically significant but substantively inconclusive results because both studied groups had nearly identical profiles in rating innovation as the factor of lowest importance to commercial success and because the definitional framework which guided construction of the survey instrument treated innovation as a second-order issue. (2) Currently, best practice and product innovation are logically incompatible by definition. (3) Even if the definition of best practice were changed, it is likely that the additional key process of innovation would remain incompatible with the existing key process of benchmarking. (4) However, until the definition of best practice does make an attempt to include innovation as a key process rather than an outcome, testing any hypothesis of strategic compatibility between a best practice focus and an innovation focus will be both empirically difficult and logically unnecessary.

The use of control systems in new product development innovation : advancing the 'help or hinder' debate

New Product Development (NPD) innovation is a critical activity in the current economic environment. In order to manage their NPD innovation projects, firms use Management Controls Systems (MCS). However, the effect that these systems have on NPD innovation is not clear. One stream of research suggests that MCS help NPD innovation while another stream suggests MCS hinder NPD innovation. Past research has shown that the role and style of MCS used may offer explanations on why MCS can both help and hinder NPD innovation. This paper adds another explanation by examining the relationship between three models (divisional, activity/decision and conversion/response) of a commonly used MCS, known as the Stage-Gate Process1 in the NPD innovation literature, and three types of NPD innovation projects (incremental, semi-radical and radical). The insights from an ethnomethodology informed field study are used to understand how and why the firms may use a different MCS (Stage-Gate Process models) for different NPD innovation project types.

The TOC-ABC choice debate for product mix decisions : introducing asset specificity as an alternate explanation

Though constructed with different purposes, the theory of constraints and activity based costing systems pose a choice problem in respect of product mix decisions. We believe that the existing explanation of short versus long run criterion to explain firms' choice between these two systems is incomplete and offer an alternate explanation based on asset specificity. We argue that the extent to which specialized resources are deployed to make products in a mix determines the choice. We present a 2*2 matrix stating that when asset specificity is high, a firm is likely to choose ABC instead of TOC since ABC makes a large portion of costs visible to enable control. However, the choice is likely to be a TOC-ABC combination when the manufacture of asset specific products is also constrained by bottlenecks.

Customer-product interaction : a model for new product development in entrepreneurial firms

Use of New Product Development (NPD) methods may benefit New Zealand SMEs and entrepreneurial firms in gaining greater market share. In this paper we review the literature on New Product Development, NPD theory and methods for early stage product design and development. Our reading suggests that product design has greater success when the customer is involved in the design effort. It also recommends methods of approach to new markets in the (NPD) life cycle. The literature further elucidates methods for identification of product design criteria based on customer needs identification. In essence, customer-product interaction in the early stages of product development is important to product success in new markets for entrepreneurial firms and SMEs. Of particular interest are early-stage NPD research methods and their influence on the company’s marketing strategy.