Le figure femminili all'ombra di Cosa Nostra: la rappresentazione della donna mafiosa siciliana sulla stampa italiana del secondo dopoguerra

This thesis investigates the representation of Sicilian mafia women on the Italian press after the second postwar, in particular by examining three Italian newspapers, Il Corriere della Sera, L’Ora and Il Giornale di Sicilia. The focus is on the 1963 – 1983 twenty-year period, after which there has been a big change in the world of Sicilian crime organization with the phenomenon of pentitismo that changes a lot of thing in the whole universe of mafia. In this research there are two aspects very different but very central at the same time. On one hand the careful counting of quoted newspapers and the filing of the articles about general mafia and mafia women, which rendered a whole database about the interest for these woman figures founded in print, in a historical period never analyzed from this point of view; on the other hand the interpretation of these articles and the different representation forms. The founded material was compared with the cultural Italian history of that period to understand if there was a difference between general woman perception and that of mafia woman and if there was also an iconographic prototype of southern woman which it is possible to apply on photographs and descriptions. In fact the most important result of the thesis is to underline that, in front of a woman who belongs to mafia context, the Italia press represented the female gender as first and the mafia gender as the second one.

Politiche di sviluppo e questione etnica. La cooperazione italiana IN Bosnia Erzegovina

The globalization process of the last twenty years has changed the world through international flows of people, policies and practices. International cooperation to development is a part of that process and brought International Organizations (IOs) and Non Governmental Organizations (NGOs) from the West to the rest of the world. In my thesis I analyze the Italian NGOs that worked in Bosnia Herzegovina (BH) to understand which development projects they realized and how they faced the ethnic issue that characterized BH. I consider the relation shaped between Italian NGOs and Bosnian civil society as an object of ethnic interests. In BH, once part of former Yugoslavia, the transition from the communist regime to a democratic country has not been completed. BH’s social conditions are characterized by strong ethnic divisions. The legacy of the early 1990s crisis was a phenomenon of ethnic identities created before the war and that still endure today. The Dayton Peace Agreement signed in 1995 granted the peace and reinforced the inter-ethnic hate between the newly recognized three principal ethnicities: Serbs, Croats and Bosniak. Through the new constitution, the institutions were characterized by division at every level, from the top to the bottom of society. Besides it was the first constitution ever written and signed outside the own country; that was the root of the state of exception that characterized BH. Thus ethnic identities culture survived through the international political involvement. At the same time ethnic groups that dominated the political debate clashed with the international organization’s democratic purpose to build a multicultural and democratic state. Ethnic and also religious differences were the instruments for a national statement that might cause the transition and development projects failure. Fifteen years later social fragmentation was still present and it established an atmosphere of daily cultural violence. Civil society suffered this condition and attended to recreate the ethnic fragmentation in every day life. Some cities became physically divided and other cities don’t tolerated the minority presence. In rural areas, the division was more explicit, from village to village, without integration. In my speech, the anthropology for development – the derivative study from applied anthropology – constitutes the point of view that I used to understand how ethnic identities still influenced the development process in BH. I done ethnographic research about the Italian cooperation for development projects that were working there in 2007. The target of research were the Italian NGOs that created a relation with Bosnian civil society; they were almost twenty divided in four main field of competences: institutional building, education, agriculture and democratization. I assumed that NGOs work needed a deep study because the bottom of society is the place where people could really change their representation and behavior. Italian NGOs operated in BH with the aim of creating sustainable development. They found cultural barricade that both institutions and civil society erected when development projects have been applied. Ethnic and religious differences were stressed to maintain boundaries and fragmented power. Thus NGOs tried to negotiate development projects by social integration. I found that NGOs worked among ethnic groups by pursuing a new integration. They often gained success among people; civil society was ready to accept development projects and overcome differences. On the other hand NGOs have been limited by political level that sustained the ethnic talk and by their representation of Bosnian issue. Thus development policies have been impeded by ethnic issue and by cooperation practices established on a top down perspective. Paradoxically, since international community has approved the political ethnic division within DPA, then the willing of development followed by funding NGOs cooperation projects was not completely successful.

Gli effetti degli investimenti in R&S sulla produttività: il caso dell'industria alimentare italiana

Tutte le scuole di pensiero economico riconoscono l’importanza dell’attività di ricerca e sviluppo per rafforzare la competitività delle imprese, e per promuovere quindi la crescita economica di lungo periodo di ogni paese. Si tratta di un tema di indiscussa rilevanza, e ben presente nel dibattito politico ed economico a livello nazionale ed internazionale. A partire dal fondamentale lavoro di Solow (1957), molti studi si sono interessati al ruolo centrale che il cambiamento tecnologico ha nella crescita economica, contribuendo ad una vasta letteratura riguardante il rapporto tra il capitale tecnologico, o gli investimenti in ricerca e sviluppo, e la crescita della produttività. In questo contesto, il presente lavoro ha come obiettivo l’analisi degli effetti degli investimenti in ricerca e sviluppo sulla produttività delle imprese manifatturiere e del settore agroalimentare italiano. L’industria agroalimentare italiana è caratterizzata da alcuni elementi specifici, che ne rendono lo studio particolarmente interessante: il suo necessario confrontarsi con le pressioni provenienti dall’emergere di nuove tendenze comportamentali del consumatore, da un lato e, dall’altro, dalla radicale trasformazione del sistema produttivo, commerciale e distributivo, che a sua volta si interfaccia con il processo di globalizzazione che interessa l’intera economia mondiale. Il settore agroalimentare riveste nel nostro Paese una notevole importanza sia in termini di fatturato, che per numero di imprese, che di occupazione, e risulta tipicamente caratterizzato dalla predominanza, dal punto di vista numerico, della classe dimensionale delle piccole imprese. È chiaro che acquisire competitività su mercati ormai globali presuppone costanti sforzi negli investimenti in ricerca ed innovazione; tuttavia, a questo proposito, le performances italiane risultano essere inferiori alla media europea. È proprio alla luce di queste considerazioni che uno studio sul ruolo che gli investimenti in ricerca e sviluppo rivestono nel sistema agroalimentare italiano, in rapporto a quanto avviene per l’intero settore manifatturiero, riveste quindi un particolare interesse.