Isolation of Sporothrix schenckii from the claws of domestic cats (indoor and outdoor) and in captivity in São Paulo (Brazil)

Sporotrichosis is a subcutaneous mycosis and is also a zoonosis (sapro- and anthropozoonosis). The objective of the present study was to determine the occurrence of sporotrichosis in domestic cats and in wild or exotic felines in captivity through the isolation of Sporothrix spp. from claw impressions in a culture medium. The samples included 132 felines, of which 120 (91.0 %) were domestic cats, 11 (8.3 %) were wild felines, and one (0.7 %) was an exotic felid. Twenty-one (17.5 %) were outdoor cats. Of the total, 89 (67.4 %) had contact with other animals of the same species. It was possible to isolate Sporothrix schenckii from the claws of one (0.7 %) of the felids probed; this animal exhibited generalised sporotrichosis and had infected a female veterinarian. The potential pathogenic agents Microsporum canis and Malassezia pachydermatis were isolated in 12.1 and 5.3 % of the animals, respectively. The following anemophilous fungi, which were considered to be contaminants, were also isolated: Penicillium sp. (28 or 21.2 %), Aspergillus sp. (13 or 9.8 %), Rhodotorula sp. (5 or 3.8 %), Candida sp. (5 or 3.8 %), Trichoderma sp. (1 or 0.7 %), and Acremonium sp. (1 or 0.7 %). Due to the low magnitude of occurrence (0.7 %) of Sporothrix in feline claws, the potential of the cats evaluated in this study to be sources of infection in the city of São Paulo is considerably low.

Varredura de hidrocarbonetos em grânulos plástico da praia de Embaré, Baixada Santista, São Paulo, Brasil

Os oceanos e as praias têm recebido todo o tipo de fragmentos, que podem ter impactos econômicos, estéticos e ecológicos (USEPA, 1992). Dentre esses fragmentos, estão os pellets ou grânulos plásticos, que são utilizados na indústria para manufatura de diversos produtos (Ogata et al, 2009). Esses grânulos entram no ambiente de forma acidental ou intencional durante o transporte ou produção de plástico (ITF, 1988) e representam um importante constituinte da poluição marinha por resíduos sólidos, estando presentes em todos os oceanos e praias do mundo, com relatos desde a década de 70 (Turra, 2008). Efeitos adversos que podem ocorrer em organismos que ingerem esses grânulos incluem bloqueio do trato intestinal, redução de consumo alimentar e aumento à exposição dos produtos químicos (Endo et al., 2005). Segundo Karapanagioti e Klontza (2008), os grânulos de baixa densidade flutuam na superfície do oceano e chegam nas praias. Sendo orgânicos, os grânulos adsorvem contaminantes hidrofóbicos, como hidrocarbonetos, presentes ao longo percurso até chegar na praia (Mato et al., 2001). Esses compostos estão entre contaminantes que podem afetar o ambiente marinho e podem ser provenientes de vazamentos de óleo e queima incompleta de combustíveis fósseis (NRC, 1985). O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar resultados desses compostos em grânulos de plástico coletados na superfície do sedimento da Praia do Embaré, Baixada Santista, SP, região muito afetada pela introdução de hidrocarbonetos.

Diferenças e Desigualdades nas Creches da Zona Leste da Cidade de São Paulo : Um estudo comparativo das condições de trabalho e operação dos CEI diretos e CEI conveniados

The present study conducted an analysis on policies for early children education in the city of Sao Paulo, establishing a comparison between the callled Direct Early Children Education Centers and the Contracted ones. Within this comparison, we find data extremely different on the two ways of managment listed above, regarding hours of teacher training, their rights and gains, the worked hours and amount of professionals involved in each of them. The results demonstrate that, although there are the same responsabilities in both situations, the rights concerning them are completely distinct

Diferenças e Desigualdades nas Creches da Zona Leste da Cidade de São Paulo : Um estudo comparativo das condições de trabalho e operação dos CEI diretos e CEI conveniados

The present study conducted an analysis on policies for early children education in the city of Sao Paulo, establishing a comparison between the callled Direct Early Children Education Centers and the Contracted ones. Within this comparison, we find data extremely different on the two ways of managment listed above, regarding hours of teacher training, their rights and gains, the worked hours and amount of professionals involved in each of them. The results demonstrate that, although there are the same responsabilities in both situations, the rights concerning them are completely distinct

Diferenças e Desigualdades nas Creches da Zona Leste da Cidade de São Paulo : Um estudo comparativo das condições de trabalho e operação dos CEI diretos e CEI conveniados

The present study conducted an analysis on policies for early children education in the city of Sao Paulo, establishing a comparison between the callled Direct Early Children Education Centers and the Contracted ones. Within this comparison, we find data extremely different on the two ways of managment listed above, regarding hours of teacher training, their rights and gains, the worked hours and amount of professionals involved in each of them. The results demonstrate that, although there are the same responsabilities in both situations, the rights concerning them are completely distinct