Trayectorias docentes e investigadoras en la universidad. 24 historias de vida profesional. Los efectos de los cambios en el trabajo y la vida profesional de los docentes universitarios

[spa] Este texto forma parte de un proyecto de investigación Los efectos de los cambios sociales en el trabajo y la vida profesional de los docentes universitarios, parcialmente financiado por el Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (SEJ2006-01876), en el que nos planteamos explorar los cambios los ámbitos de la legislación, laorganización institucional, la investigación, la gestión y la docencia en los últimos treinta años. El principal objetivo del estudio era profundizar en nuestra comprensión sobre el impacto del cambio económico, social, cultural, tecnológico y laboral que están experimentando las universidades españolas en la vida y la identidad profesional del personal docente e investigador, teniendo en cuenta el contexto nacional y europeo. Estapublicación recoge la 24 historias de vida profesional realizas con o sobre otros tantos docentes universitarios. Sus relatos analizados y contextualizados, significan una contribución significativa al conocimiento basado en la investigación sobre el saber profesional y la experiencia laboral en las universidades españolas, y en consecuencia, a nuestra comprensión sobre cómo los académicos se están enfrentando con los cambios actuales.

Perpendicular magnetic anisotropy in chemically disordered FePd-FeV(100) alloy thin films

We find that the use of V(100) buffer layers on MgO(001) substrates for the epitaxy of FePd binary alloys yields to the formation at intermediate and high deposition temperatures of a FePd¿FeV mixed phase due to strong V diffusion accompanied by a loss of layer continuity and strong increase of its mosaic spread. Contrary to what is usually found in this kind of systems, these mixed phase structures exhibit perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) which is not correlated with the presence of chemical order, almost totally absent in all the fabricated structures, even at deposition temperatures where it is usually obtained with other buffer layers. Thus the observed PMA can be ascribed to the V interdiffusion and the formation of a FeV alloy, being the global sample saturation magnetization also reduced.

Coverage effects on the magnetism of Fe/MgO(001) ultrathin films

Different aspects of the structure-magnetism and morphology-magnetism correlation in the ultrathin limit are studied in epitaxial Fe films grown on MgO(001). In the initial stages of growth the presence of substrate steps, intrinsically higher than an Fe atomic layer, prevent the connection between Fe islands and hence the formation of large volume magnetic regions. This is proposed as an explanation to the superparamagnetic nature of ultrathin Fe films grown on MgO in addition to the usually considered islanded, or Vollmer-Weber, growth. Using this model, we explain the observed transition from superparamagnetism to ferromagnetism for Fe coverages above 3 monolayers (ML). However, even though ferromagnetism and magnetocrystalline anisotropy are observed for 4 ML, complete coverage of the MgO substrate by the Fe ultrathin films only occurs around 6 ML as determined by polar Kerr spectra and simulations that consider different coverage situations. In annealed 3.5 ML Fe films, shape or configurational anisotropy dominates the intrinsic magnetocrystalline anisotropy, due to an annealing induced continuous to islanded morphological transition. A small interface anisotropy in thicker films is observed, probably due to dislocations observed at the Fe¿MgO(001) interface.

Raman microstructural analysis of silicon-on-insulator formed by high dose oxygen ion implantation: As-implanted structures

A microstructural analysis of silicon-on-insulator samples obtained by high dose oxygen ion implantation was performed by Raman scattering. The samples analyzed were obtained under different conditions thus leading to different concentrations of defects in the top Si layer. The samples were implanted with the surface covered with SiO2 capping layers of different thicknesses. The spectra measured from the as-implanted samples were fitted to a correlation length model taking into account the possible presence of stress effects in the spectra. This allowed quantification of both disorder effects, which are determined by structural defects, and residual stress in the top Si layer before annealing. These data were correlated to the density of dislocations remaining in the layer after annealing. The analysis performed corroborates the existence of two mechanisms that generate defects in the top Si layer that are related to surface conditions during implantation and the proximity of the top Si/buried oxide layer interface to the surface before annealing.

B cell response after MMTV infection: extrafollicular plasmablasts represent the main infected population and can transmit viral infection.

The immune response to mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) relies on the presentation of an MMTV-encoded superantigen by infected B cells to superantigen-specific T cells. The initial extrafollicular B cell differentiation involved the generation of B cells expressing low levels of B220. These B220low B cells corresponded to plasmablasts that expressed high levels of CD43 and syndecan-1 and were CD62 ligand- and IgD-. Viral DNA was detected nearly exclusively in these B220low B cells by PCR, and retroviral type-A particles were observed in their cytoplasm by electron microscopy. An MMTV transmission to the offspring was also achieved after transfer of B220low CD62 ligand- CD43+ plasmablasts into noninfected females. These data suggest that B220low plasmablasts, representing the bulk of infected B cells, are capable of sustaining viral replication and may be involved in the transmission of MMTV.

Spectral analysis of the luteinizing hormone in the blood samples

Generally, medicine books are concentrated almost exclusively in explaining methodology that analyzes fixed measures, measures done in a certain moment, nevertheless the evolution of the measurement and correct interpretation of the missed values are very important and sometimes can give the key information of the results obtained. Thus, the analysis of the temporary series and spectral analysis or analysis of the time series in the dominion of frequencies can be regarded as an appropriate tool for this kind of studies.In this work the frequency of the pulsating secretion of luteinizing hormone LH (thatregulates the fertile life of women) were analyzed in order to determine the existence of the significant frequencies obtained by analysis of Fourier. Detection of the frequencies, with which the pulsating secretion of the LH takes place, is a quite difficult question due topresence of the random errors in measures and samplings, i.e. that pulsating secretions of small amplitude are not detected and disregarded. In physiology it is accepted that cyclical patterns in the secretion of the LH exist and in the results of this research confirm this pattern and determine its frequency presented in the corresponded periodograms to each of studied cycle. The obtained results can be used as key pattern for future sampling frequencies in order to ¿catch¿ the significant picks of the luteinizing hormone and reflect on time forproductivity treatment of women.

The fossil record and evolution of freshwater plants: A review

Palaeobotany applied to freshwater plants is an emerging field of palaeontology. Hydrophytic plants reveal evolutionary trends of their own, clearly distinct from those of the terrestrial and marine flora. During the Precambrian, two groups stand out in the fossil record of freshwater plants: the Cyanobacteria (stromatolites) in benthic environments and the prasinophytes (leiosphaeridian acritarchs) in transitional planktonic environments. During the Palaeozoic, green algae (Chlorococcales, Zygnematales, charophytes and some extinct groups) radiated and developed the widest range of morphostructural patterns known for these groups. Between the Permian and Early Cretaceous, charophytes dominated macrophytic associations, with the consequence that over tens of millions of years, freshwater flora bypassed the dominance of vascular plants on land. During the Early Cretaceous, global extension of the freshwater environments is associated with diversification of the flora, including new charophyte families and the appearance of aquatic angiosperms and ferns for the first time. Mesozoic planktonic assemblages retained their ancestral composition that was dominated by coenobial Chlorococcales, until the appearance of freshwater dinoflagellates in the Early Cretaceous. In the Late Cretaceous, freshwater angiosperms dominated almost all macrophytic communities worldwide. The Tertiary was characterised by the diversification of additional angiosperm and aquatic fern lineages, which resulted in the first differentiation of aquatic plant biogeoprovinces. Phytoplankton also diversified during the Eocene with the development of freshwater diatoms and chrysophytes. Diatoms, which were exclusively marine during tens of millions of years, were dominant over the Chlorococcales during Neogene and in later assemblages. During the Quaternary, aquatic plant communities suffered from the effects of eutrophication, paludification and acidification, which were the result of the combined impact of glaciation and anthropogenic disturbance.

Palaeogene Charophytes of the Balearic Islands (Spain)

Fossil charophytes were recorded in two different stratigraphic units from the non-marine Palaeogene of the Balearic Islands. In the Peguera Limestone Fm. of Mallorca the charophyte flora is characterised by two assemblages. The first contains Raskyella peckii subsp. meridionale, Harrisichara caeciliana and Maedleriella mangenoti, from the Bartonian and Lutetian; whilst the second is characterised by Harrisichara vasiformistuberculata and Nitellopsis (Tectochara) aemula, Middle Priabonian in age. The Cala Blanca Detrital Fm. has yielded Lychnothamnus stockmansii and Sphaerochara inconspicua in Menorca whilst in Mallorca it contains Lychnothamnus praelangeri, L. langeri and Sphaerochara hirmeri. This flora is Late Priabonian and Oligocene in age. These results suggest that the beginning of Paleogene non-marine deposition was diachronic in Mallorca. In terms of biogeography, the Eocene charophytes of Mallorca show affinity with North-African floras. The presence of the Eocene African subspecies Raskyella peckii meridionale in Mallorca enables the biogeographic boundary between this form and the European subspecies R. peckii peckii to be drawn at about 32º N latitude in the Iberian Plate.

Proporção e tamanho de sedimentos e teor de carbono orgânico na enxurrada e no solo para dois cultivos e duas formas de semeadura

O tipo de cultura e a orientação de semeadura em relação ao declive do terreno podem modificar a proporção e o tamanho dos sedimentos transportados na enxurrada, além da relação do teor de C orgânico nos sedimentos e no solo erodido. Este trabalho teve o objetivo de determinar a proporção e o tamanho dos sedimentos transportados pela enxurrada sob taxa constante desta e o teor de C orgânico contido nos sedimentos e no solo erodido, sob duas formas de semeadura das culturas de aveia e ervilhaca. Quatro testes de chuva simulada foram aplicados entre março e novembro de 2006, durante o ciclo vegetativo das culturas, com intensidade constante de 64 mm h-1 e 1 h de duração de cada teste, em Lages, SC, num Cambissolo Húmico com declividade média de 11,9 cm m-1. Os tratamentos eram formados pela combinação de duas culturas e duas orientações de semeadura em relação ao declive. As culturas utilizadas foram aveia (Avena strigosa) e ervilhaca (Vicia sativa); as formas de semeadura eram: mecanizada em linhas em contorno ao declive e mecanizada em linhas paralelas ao declive (morro abaixo). As amostras de enxurrada para a coleta dos sedimentos foram obtidas sob taxa constante de enxurrada, aos 50 min de duração de cada teste de chuva. A aveia reduziu a quantidade de sedimentos na enxurrada em 46 % em relação à ervilhaca, e a semeadura em contorno, em 56 % em relação à semeadura morro abaixo. A proporção de sedimentos na enxurrada foi diminuída em 63 % entre o início e o final do ciclo das culturas. Na classe de menor tamanho dos sedimentos (< 0,038 mm), a aveia aumentou sua proporção em 17 % em relação à ervilhaca, e o contorno os aumentou em 10 % em relação à semeadura morro abaixo. O índice D50 dos sedimentos presentes na enxurrada foi de 0,043 mm na aveia e 0,119 mm na ervilhaca, e de 0,047 mm na semeadura em contorno e 0,117 mm na semeadura morro abaixo. A razão entre o teor de C orgânico dos sedimentos transportados pela enxurrada e o teor de C do solo na camada de 0-2,5 cm foi de 1,39 na aveia e 1,21 na ervilhaca, e de 1,43 na semeadura em contorno e 1,17 na semeadura morro abaixo.

Erosão hídrica associada a algumas variáveis hidrológicas em pomar de maçã submetido a diferentes manejos do solo

O manejo do solo em cultivos perenes, como pomares, influencia a erosão hídrica. O presente estudo avaliou as perdas de solo e água sob chuva simulada em um Latossolo, em pomar de maçã, entre os meses de agosto de 2007 e abril de 2008, na estação experimental de fruticultura de clima temperado da Embrapa Uva e Vinho, em Vacaria (RS). O trabalho foi conduzido em parcelas experimentais de 3,5 x 11 m, sob chuvas com 1 h de duração e intensidade constante ao longo delas, com variação de 70 a 88 mm h-1 entre uma chuva e outra. Os sistemas de manejo estudados foram: 1) capina manual sob a copa das plantas e solo coberto com gramíneas e leguminosas no restante da área (ST); 2) aveia não dessecada, em que as sementes foram incorporadas ao solo, com capina manual em toda a área, dois meses antes do início dos testes de chuva (AN); 3) aveia dessecada quimicamente sete dias antes do início dos testes de chuva, em que as sementes foram incorporadas ao solo com enxada rotativa em toda a área, dois meses antes do início dos testes (AD); e 4) solo sem cobertura, em que a vegetação, após ter sido dessecada, foi removida da superfície do solo em toda a área com capina manual, um dia antes de iniciar os testes de chuva (SC). A forma de manejo da superfície do solo e o número de chuvas influenciaram a erosão hídrica; as perdas de solo variaram amplamente, enquanto as perdas de água apresentaram menor variação. Apesar da mobilização do solo para implantação de aveia, os tratamentos AN e AD com esse cultivo mostraram a mesma eficácia de controle da erosão em relação ao tratamento ST, em que o solo foi mobilizado apenas sob a copa das plantas. A eliminação da cobertura do solo no tratamento SC aumentou expressivamente as perdas de solo em relação aos tratamentos com cobertura; no que se refere às perdas de água, a diferença foi menor. O tempo de ocorrência do escoamento superficial influenciou a perda de solo; observou-se aumento dessa variável com o aumento do tempo de enxurrada até certo momento, a partir do qual diminuiu, independentemente do tratamento; a perda de água aumentou até certo momento e estabilizou. Houve relação inversa entre razão de perda de solo e razão de perda de água, independentemente do tipo de cobertura do solo e do sistema de manejo sob as macieiras. O modelo exponencial ajustou-se a essa relação.