Optimisation and design of post-tensioning anchorage corner blisters in concrete box girder bidges

The design of anchorage blisters of internal continuity post-tensioning tendons of bridges built by the cantilever method, presents some peculiarities, not only because they are intermediate anchorages but also because these anchorages are located in blisters, so the prestressing force has to be transferred from the blister the bottom slab and web of the girder. The high density of steel reinforcement in anchorage blisters is the most common reason for problems with concrete cast in situ, resulting in zones with low concrete compacity, leading to concrete crushing failures under the anchor plates. A solution may involve improving the concrete compression and tensile strength. To meet these requirements a high-performance fibre reinforced self-compacting mix- ture (HPFRC) was used in anchorage corner blisters of post-tensioning tendons, reducing the concrete cross-section and decreasing the reinforcement needed. To assess the ultimate capacity and the adequate serviceability of the local anchorage zone after reducing the minimum concrete cross-section and the confining reinforcement, specified by the anchorage device supplier for the particular tendon, load transfer tests were performed. To investigate the behaviour of anchorage blisters regarding the transmission of stresses to the web and the bottom slab of the girder, and the feasibility of using high performance concrete only in the blister, two half scale models of the inferior corner of a box girder existing bridge were studied: a reference specimen of ordinary reinforced concrete and a HPFRC blister specimen. The design of the reinforcement was based in the tensile forces obtained on strut-and-tie models. An experimental program was carried out to assess the models used in design and to study the feasibility of using high performance concrete only in the blister, either with casting in situ, or with precast solutions. A non-linear finite element analysis of the tested specimens was also performed and the results compared.

Specification of a partial replication protocol with TLA+

Nowadays, data available and used by companies is growing very fast creating the need to use and manage this data in the most efficient way. To this end, data is replicated overmultiple datacenters and use different replication protocols, according to their needs, like more availability or stronger consistency level. The costs associated with full data replication can be very high, and most of the times, full replication is not needed since information can be logically partitioned. Another problem, is that by using datacenters to store and process information clients become heavily dependent on them. We propose a partial replication protocol called ParTree, which replicates data to clients, and organizes clients in a hierarchy, using communication between them to propagate information. This solution addresses some of these problems, namely by supporting partial data replication and offline execution mode. Given the complexity of the protocol, the use of formal verification is crucial to ensure the protocol two correctness properties: causal consistency and preservation of data. The use of TLA+ language and tools to formally specificity and verify the proposed protocol are also described.

Estudo da ligação entre camadas betuminosas de pavimentos flexíveis

A ligação entre camadas constitui um dos aspetos fundamentais no comportamento de um pavimento rodoviário. O modo de funcionamento de um pavimento flexível está dependente das características dos materiais de cada camada, mas também das respetivas condições de fronteira, ou seja, das características das respetivas interfaces. Uma correta ligação entre camadas permite ao pavimento funcionar como um todo, esta ligação é normalmente alcançada com a aplicação de uma fina camada de emulsão betuminosa. Com a entrada em serviço de um pavimento, devido às tensões geradas pela passagem dos veículos, este começa a sofrer degradações à superfície, até que finda a sua vida útil procede-se à sua reabilitação. Na reabilitação de pavimentos é necessário um especial cuidado na interface do pavimento existente com novo pavimento aplicado, para que as fissuras existentes não se propaguem para as novas camadas reabilitadas. A presente dissertação de mestrado, estuda a ligação entre camadas de um pavimento cuja técnica de reforço de reabilitação é a introdução de uma grelha que limita a propagação de fendas. A ligação entre camadas é avaliada através de ensaios de corte pelo método de Leutner modificado e de tração pelo método Pull-off, para duas obras distintas, com constituições de pavimentos e com taxas de aplicação de regas de colagem diferentes, com dois tipos de grelhas de reforço e para amostras recolhidas em obra e fabricadas em laboratório. Os resultados são analisados e comparados entre si, de onde se conclui existir uma melhor ligação entre camadas para interfaces que não possuem grelhas de reforço em detrimento das que possuem, contudo a diminuição da resistência da ligação aquando desta introdução não é demasiado expressiva, o que valida esta técnica de reforço como não prejudicial à integridade da ligação entre camadas. Uma maior dosagem de rega de colagem contribui para uma maior ligação entre camadas, embora careça de um estudo mais aprofundado para definir intervalos de aplicação óptimos para uma dada constituição de pavimento. Este estudo valida para os pavimentos nacionais, os valores recomendados na norma Suíça e na norma Alemã, de resistência ao corte mínima para interfaces de ligação entre camadas de base de 12 kN e para interfaces de ligação entre camadas de desgaste de 15 kN. No entanto, considera-se que estes valores poderão ser mais exigentes, deixando os valores obtidos margem para recomendar valores mais elevados, requerendo portanto mais estudos para confirmar estes limites.

Development of an experimental setup for metal cutting research

Analytical, numerical and experimental models have been developed over time to try to characterize and understand the metal cutting process by chip removal. A true knowledge of the cutting process by chip removal is required by the increasing production, by the quality requirements of the product and by the reduced production time, in the industries in which it is employed. In this thesis an experimental setup is developed to evaluate the forces and the temperature distribution in the tool according to the orthogonal cutting model conditions, in order to evaluate its performance and its possible adoption in future works. The experimental setup is developed in a CNC lathe and uses an orthogonal cutting configuration, in which thin discs fixed onto a mandrel are cut by the cutting insert. In this experimental setup, the forces are measured by a piezoelectric dynamometer while temperatures are measured by thermocouples placed juxtaposed to the side face of the cutting insert. Three different solutions are implemented and evaluated for the thermocouples attachment in the cutting insert: thermocouples embedded in thermal paste, thermocouples embedded in copper plate and thermocouples brazed in the cutting insert. From the tests performed in the experimental setup it is concluded that the adopted forces measurement technique shows a good performance. Regarding to the adopted temperatures measurement techniques, only the thermocouples brazed in the cutting insert solution shows a good performance for temperature measurement. The remaining solutions show contact problems between the thermocouple and the side face of the cutting insert, especially when the vibration phenomenon intensifies during the cut. It is concluded that the experimental setup does not present a sufficiently robust and reliable performance, and that it can only be used in future work after making improvements in the assembly of the thermocouples.

Implementation of membrane processes for improvement of the detection of food contaminants

The EM3E Master is an Education Programme supported by the European Commission, the European Membrane Society (EMS), the European Membrane House (EMH), and a large international network of industrial companies, research centres and universities (http://www.em3e.eu)

Building 3D City Models: Testing and Comparing Laser Scanning and Low-Cost UAV Data Using FOSS Technologies

Contém resumo

Os direitos dos animais

This work has the purpose of presenting the current state of the debate concerning animal rights, both in the Portuguese legal system and in foreign systems. In order to do so, it starts with an analysis of the evolution of the legal status of animals through History, and the status they have achieved in today’s legal systems. The aim of this work is to reflect upon the challenges that would result from a change of position regarding this subject, from the current legal classification as things, to a complete personalization based on the Constitution, or through the creation of a tertium genus between Men and things, that would stress the fact that animals are sentient beings.

Analysis of human leukocyte antigens class II-DR in Brazilian children and adolescents with systemic lupus erythematosus

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the frequency of human leukocyte antigens class II-DR in children and adolescents with systemic lupus erythematosus. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Fifty-fiveBrazilian systemic lupus erythematosus children and adolescents and 308 healthy individuals were studied. Gender, race, and age of onset of systemic lupus erythematosus were recorded. The human leukocyte antigens typing of class II-DR was carried out by polymerase chain reaction amplification with sequence-specific primers (PCR-SSP). Data were analyzed statistically using the chi square test with Yates' correction, Fisher's exact test, and Bonferroni's correction. RESULTS: Human leukocyte antigen-DR 15 was the most frequently detected antigen in this group of children and adolescents, and it also occurred more frequently in the female group, in children with onset of systemic lupus erythematosus between 0 and 9 years and between 10 to 14 years, and in the Black race group, but these associations were not statistically significants. CONCLUSION: In this group of children and adolescents with a high degree of racial admixture, we could not verify a significant association between human leukocyte antigens class II-DR and systemic lupus erythematosus.