Prevalência da infecção por HPV e perfil das mulheres frente ao exame de papanicolau no município de São José de Mipibú/RN.

The Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the major sexually transmitted disease all over the world. There are many factors associated to infection and the virus persistency in the organism. This study aims to evaluate the women's knowledge, attitudes and practice about the Papanicolaou test (Pap), as well as analyze the HPV and Chlamydia trachomatis infections prevalences in sexually active women from the city of São José do Mipibu/RN/Brazil. This research was divided in two steps (step I and step II), using different methodologies and samples each. The samples collected in each step, even socio-demographic or from uterus cervix, are from different patients e were analyzed separated. In step I was evaluated 267 rural and urban zone women s knowledge, attitudes and practices about the Pap by home interview. In the step II were included 605 women with age ranged from 15 to 71 years old, with mean of 33,5 years old and from each one were collected two cervical samples, one for Pap and other for molecular biology, beside the epidemiological interview to investigate the correlation between prevalence of HPV infection and risk factors. To molecular analyses, the samples were processed using a mammal rapid DNA extraction technique protocol. For C. trachomatis DNA detection were used the CP24/27 primers, and GP5+/GP6+ to HPV. PCR products were analyzed by electrophoresis on 8% polyacrylamide gels, followed by silver staining. The results of the step I showed that, in spite of only 46,1% of the interviewed women they have demonstrated to possess appropriate knowledge on the Pap test, the attitude and practice proportions were significantly larger, 63,3% and 64,4% respectively. The largest education degree presented association with adaptation of the knowledge, attitudes and practice, while neglect, lack of solicitation of the exam for the doctor and shame, came as main barriers for the accomplishment of the exam. In the stage II the HPV general prevalence was 28,9%, being 26,7% in the women with normal cytology or benign alterations, 26,7% in the ones that had atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASC-US) and 80% in those with Low grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL). the HPV infection prevalence was larger in the patients with up to 30 years of age and in the unmarried women, and those that had more than one sexual partner presented larger infection risk. The results show that the sexual relationship with multiple partners increased the infection risk for HPV and consequently the possibility of the occurrence of lesions uterine cervix

Incidence of complications in men undergoing transurethral resection of the prostate

Objectives: To examine the link between medication use and the risk of bleeding complications following transurethral resection of the prostate from the second postoperative day until hospital discharge. Method: Using a retrospective observational study design, the medical records of all patients who underwent transurethral resection of the prostate over a 24-month period were examined. Comprehensive data regarding patients' medication history, comorbidities and complications that occurred either during or after surgery were collected from medical records. Inferential statistical analysis was used to examine associations between demographic and medication variables and the risk of complications. Results: Complications arising after surgery occurred in 48/135 (36%) of patients. The most common complications postoperatively were hematuria, occurring in 41/48 (85%) and hematuria with clot retention, occurring in 24/48 (50%) of patients who suffered complications. There was a significant association between the number of medications prescribed and postoperative complications; for hematuria, χ ² (12)=21.50, p =0.04; and for hematuria with clot retention χ ² (12)=24.97, p =0.015. Conclusions: Demographic data relating to patients' age, comorbid state and the number of standard medications prescribed is associated with an increase in macroscopic hematuria and macroscopic hematuria with clot retention after transurethral resection of the prostate. These findings emphasize the importance of nursing practice in both preoperative and postoperative care of patients undergoing surgery. Nurses need to be very vigilant in assessing patients at risk of increased bleeding from a transurethral resection of the prostate by examining their medication regimen.

A systematic review of the impact of weight loss on cancer incidence and mortality

Obesity is well recognized as a significant risk factor for certain cancers; however, a corresponding risk reduction with weight loss is not yet clearly defined. This review aims to examine the literature investigating the effect of all types of weight loss on cancer incidence and mortality, and to more clearly describe the relationship between these two factors. A literature search identified 34 publications reporting weight loss data in relation to cancer incidence or mortality. All except one were observational studies and the majority used self-reported weights and did not define intentionality of weight loss. 16/34 studies found a significant inverse association between weight loss and cancer incidence or mortality. The remainder returned null findings. The observed association was more consistently seen in studies that investigated the effect of intentional weight loss (5/6 studies) and the risk reduction was greatest for obesity-related cancers and in women. In conclusion, intentional weight loss does result in a decreased incidence of cancer, particularly female obesity-related cancers. However, there is a need for further evaluation of sustained intentional weight loss in the obese with less reliance on self-reported weight data and more focus on male populations.

The incidence of V˙O2 plateau at V˙O2max in a cardiac-diseased population

We sought to determine the incidence of V˙O(2) plateau at V˙O(2)max in a cardiovascular-diseased (CVD) population using 4 different sampling intervals (15-breath moving average, 15 s, 30 s, and 60 s) and 3 different V˙O(2) plateau criteria (≤50 mL · min(-1), ≤80 mL · min(-1), and ≤150 mL · min(-1)). A total of 69 people (62 ± 10 yrs.) with recently diagnosed CVD performed a maximal exercise test (10:07 ± 2:24 min) on a treadmill. The test was classified as maximal (n = 57, 2 430 ± 605 mL · min(-1)) if self-terminated due to fatigue or classified as symptom-limited (n = 12, 1 683 ± 438 mL · min(-1)) if symptoms presented. Chi-square analysis revealed a significant (p < 0.05) effect of sampling interval on incidence of V˙O(2) plateau at V˙O(2)max across all 3 V˙O(2) plateau criteria. The sampling interval had an increasingly stronger influence on the incidence of V˙O(2) plateau at V˙O(2)max with smaller criterion thresholds as evidenced by the Cramer's V statistics: [≤50 mL · min(-1) (Cramer's V = 0.548, p < 0.05], ≤80 mL · min(-1) [Cramer's V = 0.489, p < 0.05], ≤150 mL · min(-1) [Cramer's V = 0.214, p < 0.05]. Incidence of V˙O(2) plateau at V˙O(2)max in CVD individuals is significantly influenced by the sampling interval applied. Based on our findings we recommend a15 breath moving average and V˙O(2) plateau criterion of ≤50 mL · min(-1).