Capim-colonião e seus efeitos sobre o crescimento inicial de clones de eucalyptus × urograndis

This study aimed to evaluate the guinea grass effect (Panicum maximum) on the initial growth of different Eucalyptus × urograndis clones. Two assays were established with eucalyptus clones and guinea grass seedlings. The plants were grown in plots with cement borders filled with soil. Each plot received a eucalyptus seedling. The first assay had a completely randomized experimental design, with three replications, and treatments in a 5x2 factorial scheme (five eucalyptus clones and the absence or presence of two guinea grass plants at 10 cm distance from eucalyptus seedling). The second assay was similar to the first, however with three eucalyptus clones. The experimental design was completely randomized, with five replications, and a 3x2 factorial scheme (three eucalyptus clones and the absence or presence of two guinea grass plants). The presence of eucalyptus clones did not affect guinea grass development. The eucalyptus clones that coexisted with guinea grass plants did not show differences in their development, making the clones equal when under competition. The most susceptible characteristics of eucalyptus clones to guinea grass were foliar area, shoot and stem dry matter. Clone 3 showed the most sensitivity to guinea grass, and clone 1 was the most tolerant, but all clones studied suffered a negative interference from guinea grass.

Institucionalidad y estrategias para el desarrollo exportador y la innovación en Colombia: diagnóstico inicial

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El gasto medio ambiental en Perú: exploración inicial

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Plasma suíno e ovo inteiro em rações de leitões sobre desempenho na fase inicial e efeito residual até a terminação

Were used 64 weaned pigs, distributed in eight treatments: ration with skim milk (SM), three rations with crescent levels of swine plasma (SP), three rations with whole egg (WE) and a ration with high inclusion of soybean meal (SB). Daily weight gain (DWG), daily feed intake (DFI) and feed conversion (FC) were evaluated. The animals that consumed ration SB have the mean of DWG higher that other treatments, and inferior FC, from 35 to 48 days of age. The crescent levels of SP promoted linear reduction in DWG, from 21 to 35, and from 35 to 48 days of age, in DFI from 48 to 138 days of age and linear increased in FC from 21 to 35 of age. Considering the weaned phase until finishing, initial rations can be formulated with SP and WE substituted partially the CP of skim milk in 25 and 45%, respectively.

Esterco bovino para o desenvolvimento inicial de plantas provenientes de quatro matrizes de Corymbia citriodora

This work aimed to evaluate the effect of cattle manure levels in the phase of implementation Corymbia citriodora (Hook.) K. D. Hill & L. A. S. Johnson (Eucalyptus citriodora) seedlings in field, produced from seeds collected from four mother trees. The experiment was carried out in green house, in pots filled with 5 dm 3 of Oxisol. Five cattle manure levels were applied 0, 10, 20, 30, and 40 t ha -1 (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100 g pot -1). All treatments received lime levels which were calculated to increase the base saturation degree to 50%. The soil fertility was evaluated after 30 days of soil incubation with manure and lime. The seeds were collected from mother trees called 2, 8, 20 and 29. Sowing was performed directly in rigid plastic containers of 50 cm 3 and seedlings were transplanted when they were around 17 cm height. The experimental design was entirely randomized, in a factorial 5 × 4 (five doses of cattle manure and seeds of four mother trees) scheme and four repetitions. Each parcel was a pot with two plants. At 90 days the height, foliar area, stalk diameter, shoot and root dry matter. The plants responded positively to application of manure, but differently for each evaluated growth characteristic linearly or quadratically. The manure levels had linear effects on growth characteristics and dry matter production of the plants from mother trees 2 and 20 moreover these plants require more cattle manure levels than ones from mother trees 8 and 29. The cattle manure promoted the best development of plants from mother trees 8 and 29, in relationship with dry matter production of shoot components was approximately 27 t ha-1, equivalent to 67.5 g pot.

Desenvolvimento inicial de variedades e clones de cana-de- açúcar em Latossolo Vermelho Distrófico, Aparecida do Taboado-MS

In Brazil, as in other sugar cane (Saccharum spp.) producing countries, varieties and clones have been continuously developed and tested in order to obtain varieties better adapted to changes in climate, soils and management, seeking a better performance in soils and climates of low agricultural suitability for the culture. In this study, the initial vegetative growth and performance of five sugar cane clones (CT96-3095, CT95-3079, CT95-1425, CT96-3024, CT92-1882) and two varieties (SP81-3250 and SP91-1049) were evaluated in an environment characterized by soils of low fertility and sandy texture. The experiment was carried out in a randomized design with seven treatments, consisting of the two sugar cane varieties and five clones. The plots contained six 15 meters sugar cane rows with a line spacing of 1.50 m. The average tiller number, tiller leaf area, vegetative cover, shoot biomass and rate of cover between rows of sugarcane were determined through six assessments in the first half of 2008. At the end of the evaluation (116 days after planting) the results showed that the clones (CT96-3095, CT95-3079, CT95-1425, CT96-3024, CT92-1882) were not significantly superior to the two considered varieties (SP81-3250 and SP91-1049).

Crescimento inicial do eucalipto em função da aclimatação em viveiro

This study aimed to evaluate the acclimatization effects in the Eucalyptus grandis vs. Eucalyptus urophylla seedlings nursery in their initial growth in two soils types, clay and sandy. The seedlings were planted in Plantmax substrate and in rice hulls plus vermiculite, and managed, after 60 days of the mass propagation (DAE), during the rustication. There were five different frequencies of subsurface drip irrigation, restoring the soil field capacity condition: F1, F2, F3 and F4, which were irrigated once, twice, three and four times a day, respectively, and FD, kept in continue irrigation until planting at 90 DAE. In a randomized block design with four replications, plant height (HPA) were evaluated at 6 and 13 months after planting and the diameter at breast height (DAP) at 13 months after planting. Findings show that water management at hardening phase seedlings had no influence on growth in both soils.

Las tecnologías de la información y las comunicaciones en la formación inicial docente de América Latina

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Digestibilidade da soja semi-integral extrusada para leitões na fase inicial

Two assays were conducted to determine the coefficients of digestibility (CD) and the digestible nutrients (DN) of the extruded semi-whole soybean (Assay 1 conventional feeding and Assay 2 feeding for sows, starting at 109 days of pregnancy and during the lactation and for lactating piglets and in the initial phase, with rations without soybean meal). Each assay was divided into two phases (32 and 50 days of age). Eight piglets weaned at 25 days of age were used. Total feces collection method was used. The following variables were analyzed in feed and in feces: dry matter, crude protein, ether extract, crude fiber and gross energy. The following average values were obtained: CDDM 88.87%; CDCP 86.81%; CDEE 85.41%; CDCF 78.22%; CDGE 80.21% and CMDE 95.71%, which allowed the calculation of the digestible nutrients: DDM 81.28%; DP 34.49%; DEE 14.02%; DF 4.49%; DEa 4087.86 kcal/kg and MEa 3912.73 kcal/kg. The different coefficients of digestibility were not affected by the differential feeding for sows and piglets nor by the different ages of the animals. Moreover, the extruded semi-whole soybean presented good levels of DN, concerning mainly the digestible and metabolizable energy.

Desenvolvimento Inicial de Plantas de Eucalyptus Platyphylla Submetidas A Níveis de Salinidade

The objective of this study was to evaluate the behavior of morphological Eucalyptus platyphylla when subjected to five levels of soil salinity. The research project was conducted in a greenhouse at the experimental area of the Department of Agricultural Engineering of the FCA / UNESP, Botucatu-SP, utilizing plastic pots filled with soil containing NaCl concentrations, in sufficient quantities to raise the level of electrical conductivity. The experiment was conducted in randomized blocks in factorial scheme 5 x 4, 5 electrical conductivities (1.41, 2.50, 4.50, 6.45 and 8.33 dS m-1) and four repetitions. The results showed that soil salinity did not significantly affect the following parameters: height, green mass and dry matter of shoot, and root and leaf area of the plants.