Projeto de intervenção voltado ao tratamento de enfermidades diarreicas parasitárias com base epidemiológica ambiental na comunidade do povoado Minador do Lúcio do município Cacimbinhas - Alagoas

As doenças diarréicas constituem um grave problema de saúde nos países em desenvolvimento, onde as condições de vida das populações são muito precárias. Nestas comunidades as doenças parasitárias são particularmente frequentes nas crianças e é uma das principais causas de morte neste grupo. As doenças diarreicas podem ter várias causas, podem ser de origem viral e parasitária, uma vez que a parasitária é a mais frequente e resulta de infecções intestinais que são transmitidas ao doente por contaminação dos alimentos e da água por fezes de outras pessoas. O objetivo deste trabalho é propor um plano de intervenção com vistas ao tratamento de enfermidades diarreicas e parasitoses na Comunidade do Povoado de Minador do Lúcio do município de Cacimbinhas, Alagoas. Para tanto, fez-se pesquisa bibliográfica na Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, com busca de artigos por meio dos descritores: diarreia, doenças parasitárias e Atenção Primária em Saúde. Busca-se por meio das ações propostas no plano alterar as condições de saúde dessa população, com o incentivo à adoção de medidas sanitárias adequadas e o tratamento correto da água destinada ao consumo. Inicialmente, as medidas serão focadas na área de abrangência. Entretanto, por meio de parcerias intersetoriais como escolas, há o intuito de estender o projeto ao restante da população. Deste modo, futuramente poderão ser formados cidadãos mais críticos e sadios

Educação em saúde sobre a potabilidade da água e transmissão de doenças de veiculação hídrica em Estratégia Saúde da Família na zona rural

Este trabalho tem como objetivo elaborar uma proposta de intervenção voltada para a educação em saúde sobre a potabilidade da água e transmissão de doenças de veiculação hídrica na população e nos profissionais de saúde de ESF da zona rural do município de Três Pontas-MG. Mediante os dados levantados durante a realização do diagnóstico situacional da aréa e o levantamento dos nós críticos, principalmente em relação ao alto índice de famílias que utilizam água da fonte e sem tratamento e com desprezo do esgoto em fossas ou diretamente aos mananciais, sem o devido tratamento do mesmo, percebeu-se a necessidade de desenvolver um plano de ação voltado para a educação em saúde sobre a potabilidade da água e transmissão de doenças de veiculação hídrica nesta população e em profissionais de saúde que nestes serviços. Com isso, foram elaboradas algumas intervenções a serem realizadas com a população alvo deste projeto, destacando, principalmente, a realização de educação continuada e capacitação dos servidores (profissionais de saúde) oferecidos pelo Enfermeiro sobre a transmissão de doenças de veiculação hídrica e potabilidade da água, nos Pontos de apoio (unidades) da ESF Zona Rural de Três Pontas-MG, e posteriormente a educação em saúde da população desta área. Mediante a realização deste projeto de intervenção, espera-se que a população possa refletir sobre o ato mais singelo do cotidiano, assim como desenvolver um pensamento que propicie a colaboração para saúde da água da comunidade, evitando a contaminação desta água, e consequentemente a transmissão de doenças, proporcionando a esta população uma vida com mais qualidade

PARAFAC: uma ferramenta quimiométrica para tratamento de dados multidimensionais. Aplicações na determinação direta de fármacos em plasma humano por espectrofluorimetria

Since the last decade, the combined use of chemometrics and molecular spectroscopic techniques has become a new alternative for direct drug determination, without the need of physical separation. Among the new methodologies developed, the application of PARAFAC in the decomposition of spectrofluorimetric data should be highlighted. The first objective of this article is to describe the theoretical basis of PARAFAC. For this purpose, a discussion about the order of chemometric methods used in multivariate calibration and the development of multi-dimensional methods is presented first. The other objective of this article is to divulge for the Brazilian chemical community the potential of the combination PARAFAC/spectrofluorimetry for the determination of drugs in complex biological matrices. For this purpose, two applications aiming at determining, respectively, doxorrubicine and salicylate in human plasma are presented.

Classificação de água de coco processada e natural por meio de HCA, PCA e teores de íons metálicos determinados por ICP OES

Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry was used to determine Ca, Mg, Mn, Fe, Zn and Cu in samples of processed and natural coconut water. The sample preparation consisted in a filtration step followed by a dilution. The analysis was made employing optimized instrumental parameters and the results were evaluated using methods of Pattern Recognition. The data showed common concentration values for the analytes present in processed and natural samples. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA) indicated that the samples of different kinds were statistically different when the concentrations of all the analytes were considered simultaneously.

Sulfetos volatilizáveis por acidificação e metais extraídos simultaneamente na avaliação de sedimentos de água doce

This paper discusses the historical and methodological fundaments of the dynamics and quantification of acid volatile sulfides (AVS) and simultaneously extracted metals (SEM) in aquatic sediments. It also discusses the SEM/AVS relationship, which involves several controversial aspects such as sulfide stability, sulfide-organic matter interaction, and the inability to predict the toxicity of organic compounds in the environment. This relationship is an important tool for the inference of metal bioavailability. The use of ecotoxicological tests with target organisms regulated by international standards is also a relevant aspect.

Características físicas e mecânicas de misturas de solo, cimento e cinzas de bagaço de cana-de-açúcar

This work was done with the objective of studying some physical and mechanical characteristics of the sugarcane bagasse ash added to a soil-cement mixture, in order to obtain an alternative construction material. The sugarcane bagasse ash pre-treatment included both sieving and grinding, before mixing with soil and cement. Different proportions of cement-ash were tested by determining its standard consistence and its compressive resistance at 7 and 28 days age. The various treatments were subsequently applied to the specimens molded with different soil-cement-ash mixtures which in turns were submitted to compaction, unconfined compression and water absorption laboratory tests. The results showed that it is possible to replace up to 20% of Portland cement by sugarcane bagasse ash without any damage to the mixture's compressive strength.

Características físicas e mecânicas de misturas de solo, cimento e casca de arroz

The main objective of this work is the study of the effect of rice husk addition on the physical and mechanical properties of soil-cement, in order to obtain an alternative construction material. The rice husk preparation consisted of grinding, sieving, and the pre-treatment with lime solution. The physical characteristics of the soil and of the rice husk were determined. Different amounts of soil, cement and rice husk were tested by compaction and unconfined compression. The specimens molded according to the treatments applied to the mixtures were subsequently submitted to compression testing and to tensile splitting cylinder testing at 7 and 28 days of age and to water absorption testing. After determining its physical and mechanical characteristics, the best results were obtained for the soil + 12% (cement + rice husk) mixture. The results showed a promising use as an alternative construction material.

Teores de nutrientes na alface irrigada com água residuária aplicada por sistemas de irrigação

A trial was carried out to evaluate the chemical composition in the aerial part of lettuce, cv. 'Elisa', irrigated with wastewater treated with constructed wetland and source deposit water, grown on a Rhodic Hapludox Soil, using the irrigation systems sprinkle, subsurface drip and surface drip irrigation. The experiment was carried out from August 17th to October 3rd of 2001 and the chemical analyses of the lettuce were accomplished to 47 days after transplanting of the seedling. The aerial part of the lettuce was analyzed as for the levels of total nitrogen, nitrate, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulfur, iron, manganese, copper, zinc, sodium, boron, cobalt and molybdenum. The sodium and the sulfur presented higher levels than the maximum suitable in the aerial part of the lettuce and the smallest level of magnesium, while other chemical elements analyzed were normal and appropriate considering the standard for well-nourished plants, not being influenced by the water type. The sodium was the chemical element that presented the highest levels in the aerial part of the lettuce in the treatments irrigated with wastewater, presenting significant difference in relationship to the treatments irrigated with source deposit water in the three irrigation systems. The use of the different irrigation systems by the application of wastewater treated with constructed wetland did not interfere in the levels of nutrients in the aerial part of the lettuce.

Influência da temperatura do ar de secagem no calor latente de vaporização de água em feijão macassar (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.), variedade sempre-verde

In order to determine the energy needed to artificially dry an agricultural product the latent heat of vaporization of moisture in the product, H, must be known. Generally, the expressions for H reported in the literature are of the form H = h(T)f(M), where h(T) is the latent heat of vaporization of free water, and f(M) is a function of the equilibrium moisture content, M, which is a simplification. In this article, a more general expression for the latent heat of vaporization, namely H = g(M,T), is used to determine H for cowpea, always-green variety. For this purpose, a computer program was developed which automatically fits about 500 functions, with one or two independent variables, imbedded in its library to experimental data. The program uses nonlinear regression, and classifies the best functions according to the least reduced chi-squared. A set of executed statistical tests shows that the generalized expression for H used in this work produces better results of H for cowpea than other equations found in literature.

Adequação de engates rápidos de aspersores como conectores de mangueira para distribuição de água em sulcos de irrigação

As a way to reduce water losses in furrow irrigation systems, used in fresh market tomato production, farmers are improperly distributing water into the field using plastic hose. The objective of this work was to study the suitability of using quick coupler sprinkler as hose connectors for water distribution in tomato plantation. The first step of the study was to assess the current hose field operation for tomato growers. Subsequently, four models of quick couplers sprinklers available in the market were tested in laboratory to determine the coefficient of resistance, the equivalent tube length, the head loss curve and the linking efficiency. As result, a structural design for hose connectors was presented using the model of coupling with the best hydraulic performance. Additionally, some technical recommendations on its use in irrigation water distribution are highlighted. Despite the requirement for additional field trials, the proposed system has potential to optimize the water use efficiency, to improve workers ergonomic conditions, and ensure good profitability to the producer.