Numerical and experimental study of overtopping and failure of rockfill dams

This paper aims to present and validate a numerical technique for the simulation of the overtopping and onset of failure in rockfill dams due to mass sliding. This goal is achieved by coupling a fluid dynamic model for the simulation of the free surface and through-flow problems, with a numerical technique for the calculation of the rockfill response and deformation. Both the flow within the dam body and in its surroundings are taken into account. An extensive validation of the resulting computational method is performed by solving several failure problems on physical models of rockfill dams for which experimental results have been obtained by the authors.

Analysis of the discharge capacity of radial-gated spillways using CFD and ANN - Oliana Dam case study.

The paper focuses on the analysis of radial-gated spillways, which is carried out by the solution of a numerical model based on the finite element method (FEM). The Oliana Dam is considered as a case study and the discharge capacity is predicted both by the application of a level-set-based free-surface solver and by the use of traditional empirical formulations. The results of the analysis are then used for training an artificial neural network to allow real-time predictions of the discharge in any situation of energy head and gate opening within the operation range of the reservoir. The comparison of the results obtained with the different methods shows that numerical models such as the FEM can be useful as a predictive tool for the analysis of the hydraulic performance of radial-gated spillways.

Fracture micromechanisms and residual stresses of a highly resistant duplex stainless steel

The paper presents some preliminary results of an ongoing research intended to qualify a highly resistant duplex stainless steel wire as prestressing steel and, gets on insight on (he wires' fracture micromechanism and residual stresses field. SEM fractographic analysis of the stainless steel wires indicates an anisotropic fracture behavior in tension, in presence of surface flaws, attributed to the residual stresses generated through the fabrication process. The residual stresses magnitude influences the damage tolerance, its knowledge being a key issue in designating/qualifying the wires as prestressing steels.

Finite elastic deformations of transversely isotropic circular cylindrical tubes

We consider the finite radially symmetric deformation of a circular cylindrical tube of a homogeneous transversely isotropic elastic material subject to axial stretch, radial deformation and torsion, supported by axial load, internal pressure and end moment. Two different directions of transverse isotropy are considered: the radial direction and an arbitrary direction in planes normal locally to the radial direction, the only directions for which the considered deformation is admissible in general. In the absence of body forces, formulas are obtained for the internal pressure, and the resultant axial load and torsional moment on the ends of the tube in respect of a general strain-energy function. For a specific material model of transversely isotropic elasticity, and material and geometrical parameters, numerical results are used to illustrate the dependence of the pressure, (reduced) axial load and moment on the radial stretch and a measure of the torsional deformation for a fixed value of the axial stretch.

Simulación hidráulica de un tramo del río Tinguiririca (Chile): aplicación al diseño de la restauración fluvial

En el marco de SERELAREFA (Semillas REd LAtina Recuperación Ecosistemas Fluviales y Acuáticos) se ha propuesto el "Corredor fluvial río Tinguiririca". Esta iniciativa persigue llegar a definir una franja de territorio donde se le permita al río expresar su dinámica natural , pero controlándola con intervenciones de ingeniería integradas en el paisaje de manera que permita un desarrollo económico más seguro en las zonas aledañas y contar con los servicios ambientales brindados por un ecosistema en buen estado. Esta comunicación presenta la problemática del río Tinguiririca y la simulación hidráulica de un tramo del mismo río en la localidad de San Fernando en el marco del diseño del Corredor Fluvial Tinguririca. Se realizó un levantamiento topográfico de detalle del tramo y se simularon caudales crecientes en 2D con Infoworks ICM.

Simplified Finite Element Assessment of Beams With and Without Shear Deformation

This paper presents a simplified finite element (FE) methodology for solving accurately beam models with (Timoshenko) and without (Bernoulli-Euler) shear deformation. Special emphasis is made on showing how it is possible to obtain the exact solution on the nodes and a good accuracy inside the element. The proposed simplifying concept, denominated as the equivalent distributed load (EDL) of any order, is based on the use of Legendre orthogonal polynomials to approximate the original or acting load for computing the results between the nodes. The 1-span beam examples show that this is a promising procedure that allows the aim of using either one FE and an EDL of slightly higher order or by using an slightly larger number of FEs leaving the EDL in the lowest possible order assumed by definition to be equal to 4 independently of how irregular the beam is loaded.

Morphology and distribution of volcanic bombs in Caldera Quemada de Arriba (Lanzarote, Canary Islands): implications for volcanic hazard analysis

Análisis del riesgo volcánico. We show the preliminary results of the study of 561 volcanic bombs ejected from a pyroclastic cone during the 1730-1736 Timanfaya eruption (Lanzarote, Canary Islands). This cone displays the highest concentration of big bombs (major axis higher than 1 m) of Timanfaya. More than 560 bombs have been studied to calculate their reach. The results suggest that bombs of 1t have a reach of 409 m, while bombs up to 28 t have a reach of 248 m. These data may be used to define a security area once a vent has been opened, but also to calculate other data such the initial velocity of ejection. The geomorphological analysis and the study of the deposits also contribute to better understand an undocumented episode of the Timanfaya eruption and also provide important data for volcanic bombs modeling for volcanic hazard analysis.

Implicaciones geotécnicas de las sucesivas reactivaciones del deslizamiento de Pajonales-Rosiana (depresión de Tirajana, Gran Canaria)

Análisis geológico geotécnico de inestabilidades de ladera en terrenos volcánicos. En este trabajo se identifican los factores que han contribuido al desarrollo y reactivación del deslizamiento de Pajonales-Rosiana. Para ello, se ha reconstruido la paleotopografía previa al deslizamiento, se ha establecido un modelo geológico de la ladera en función de la observación directa y datos de los mapas geológicos, y se ha generado un modelo geotécnico con datos bibliográficos y datos propios obtenidos en ensayos de laboratorio. Las superficies de rotura del deslizamiento de Pajonales-Rosiana se han desarrollado a través de tobas piroclásticas e ignimbritas que, al ser meteorizadas, desarrollan niveles limo-arcillosos con ángulos de fricción bajos, alta plasticidad y comportamiento expansivo. Por otra parte, la presencia de agua constituyó un factor desencadenante del deslizamiento, ya que para que se produzca la inestabilidad es necesaria la saturación total de las ignimbritas del Grupo Mogán y la saturación parcial de las lavas y piroclastos del Grupo Roque Nublo.