Distribuição sazonal de parasitos branquiasis em diferentes especies de piexes em pesque-pague do municipio de Guariba-SP, Brasil.

This study was accomplished with the objective of knowing the seasonal distribution of the main species of parasites causes of branchial damages to the fish from fee-fishing at Guariba, State of São Paulo. This city is situated at 21 degrees 15'22'' S, 48 degrees 18'58'' W, in altitude 595 meters. This research was conducted between April, 1997 to March, 1999. From 408 fishes examined, 29.1% of them were infested by the protozoans e metazoans. Leporinus macrocephalus showed the highest parasitism by Trichodina sp., although Piaractus mesopotamicus and Cyprinus carpio were also parasited. Piscinoodinium pillulare infestation were found in L. macrocephalus, P. mesopotamicus, C. carpio e Colossoma macropomum. Monogenetics metazoan have largely been observed in L. macrocephalus, P. mesopotamicus, C. carpio, C. macropomum e cross-bred tambacu. The incidence of this parasite was elevated in the summer for L. macrocephalus, spring for P. mesopotamicus and C. macropomum, and both seasons for cross-bred tambacu. Lernaea cyprinacea copepodes were observed in L. macrocephalus, P. mesopotamicus, C. carpio and cross- breeding tambacu, in spite of the fact that C. carpio has demonstrated high parasitism of adult form. The fish L. macrocephalus, P. mesopotamicus and C. carpio were sponged intensely by Dolops carvalhoi, in situation of high population density. Piaractus mesopotamicus was considered the species more parasited by myxosporídeos, that were also observed in L. macrocephalus and cross-breeding tambacu.

Distribuição da evaporação no interior de um ambiente protegido

This work aimed to study evaporation distribution in a protected environment. The experiment was set up in polyethylene greenhouse at the Lageado Experimental Farm in the School of Agronomic Sciences (FCA, UNESP-Botucatu) in the winter of 2005. 132 500-ml plastic micro evaporimeters (13.7 diameter) were used used to obtain evaporation values and analyze spatial energy distribution. These micro evaporimeters were distributed in 44 equidistant points, at three different heights from the soil surface: 0.40, 0.80 and 1.20cm The tunnel-type greenhouse was 7.5 m wide, 27.5 m long and 3.20 m high at the center, and was covered with black shadow screen (sombrite) on the sides. Southeast/northwest orientation, based on true north, was used foro othe greenhouse longitudinal axis. For variable comparison, a geostatistics was used through the □GS+ program. From obtained data, it was concluded that: there was spatial variability at different points and heights of the microevaporation values obtained from micro evaporimeters were not greenhouse; the Class A Pan installed outside the greenhouse can be used to evaluate the internal evaporation.

Distribuição da energia no interior de uma estufa plástica no período inverno

This work aimed to study the energy distribution in protected environment during the winter of 2005. A plastic tunnel (27.5 m long, 7.5 m wide, 3.2 m high in the center and 2.00 m high in both lateral sides) was covered with polyethylene 100 micra and black shadow screen (sombrite) in lateral sides at the FCA/UNESP, Botucatu - SP. 142 minievaporimeters (500 ml volume and 147 cm2 area) were evenly distributed and set up at three heights: 0.40 m; 0.80 m and 1.20 m from soil surface in order to analyze energy distribution along the studied area. The greenhouse longitudinal axis was northwest/southeast, based on true north. Geosatistics principles and the GS+ Program were adopted to compare variables. From obtained results, it was concluded that there were significant evaporation variations at different points anf heights; the highest values were the ones closest to the soil surface (0.40m) in July and at highest heights (0.80 and 1.20m). Highest evaporations occurred in the southeastern side of the greenhouse.

Distribuição e tamanho populacional do papagaio-de-cara-roxa Amazona brasiliensis no estado de São Paulo

The Red-tailed Amazon Amazona brasiliensis is one of most threatened psitacid in the world. In the state of São Paulo, SE Brazil, it is restricted to a narrow coastal zone. The total population of A. brasiliensis has been estimated to be around 4,000 birds, but no detailed information is known for São Paulo. We studied the population status and mapped the distribution of A. brasiliensis in the state of São Paulo. Simultaneous censuses were carried out in three main islands (Cananéia, Ilha do Cardoso and Ilha Comprida) with A. brasiliensis populations in 2003 and 2004. We searched the parrots in an area of 1413.28 km2 and visited 69 sites. Amazona brasiliensis were recorded in 55 localities and 12 sleeping roosts. Our census estimated a population of at least 1,221 parrots in the stronghold of their distribution in the state of São Paulo. The highest number of parrots were recorded outside the main protected areas in the region (64% of the population), which may threaten the future of this population. Urban growing is the main threat for the population of São Paulo, and the creation of protected areas in Cananéia and Comprida island is critical for the future of the A. brasiliensis in the area.

Determinação da distribuição de um nível de turbidito na formação Macaé no campo de Namorado através de uso de atributos sísmicos

This study was developed on the basis of petrophysics characterization, 3D seismic interpretation, and rock-wire-log integration. The results were integrated with amplitude attribute through cross plot (rock attribute x amplitude value). 3D seismic data also allowed inteipreting the top of Lagoa Feia, Macaé, and Carapebus formations, and Outeiro Member. The analyses of the maps of structures and attributes, integrated with wire-log data, suggest that Namorado turbidite level is candidate to be mapped with stratigraphic attributes like AverageTroughAmplitude, RMS velocity and Total AbsoluteAmplitude. Lagoa Feia Formation attribute maps (Dip-Azimuth and TotalEnergy) allows to interpret a low fault density at the carbonate coquina level in the Namorado field. This level is also considered one at the best seismic reflector and an important reservoir of the Campos Basin.

Estudo da distribuição dos casos de Diabetes Mellitus em Presidente Prudente - SP

The main causes of illness and consequent death in patients affected by Diabetes Mellitus are the long-term complications. Depression can make it harder to control the level of glucose in the blood, as well as intensifying and worsening the clinical complications, thus reducing the quality of life. The aim of this study was to estimate the incidence of Diabetes Mellitus in Public Health Clinic in Presidente Prudente (SP) in patients enrolled in the Hiper-Dia Program. From October 2003 to July 2004, a descriptive survey was carried out. Data were obtained from doctor's records of 50 diabetes patients and also their answers to a specific questionnaire. The majority of the patients were female, had not completed elementary school, with a family income below five minimum wages, a nationally-defined amount related to the poverty line. It was observed that 24% of the patients had depression and 76% never followed a controlled diet. Pharmacological treatment was prescribed for 82% of the patients. Twenty-eight patients were receiving psyicological treatment, together with oral hypoglycemic agents. The glycated hemoglobin was measured in 68%. The association between depression and submission to treatment was not significant. No statistical association was found between the psychologically assisted patient's group and glucose control (p= 0.40), diet control (p= 0.37) and physical activities (p= 0.77). It was concluded that 24% patients had depression and the majority not under diet control, but 82% were under pharmacological treatment.

Avaliação de fatores de risco de cães sororreagentes à leptospira spp. e sua distribuição espacial, em área territorial urbana

We aimed to evaluate the risk factor of serum reactive dogs to antileptospire agglutinin and their spatial distribution in an urban area. We collected 1,000 blood samples from dogs at 20 immunization centers, homogeneously distributed in the urban area (32 km²) of Botucatu, Sao Paulo, Brazil. Diagnosis was made by microscopic serum agglutination using 24 serovars of Leptospira spp. Statistical analysis was performed by Goodman's test with 5% of significance. Spatial clusters were tested by spatial scan statistic using SaTScan. We found that 17.9% dogs reacted to Leptospira spp. (p<0.0001). Dogs with street access (22.14%) were more reactive (p<0.05) than those without (14.83%). The scan test indicated only one significant cluster influenced by age. Incorporating each one of the co-variables gender, breed, and street access to age, we found that street access was the most important. Street access and age were the most important risk factors in the large number of reactive animals in the cluster, with the castellonis serovar being the most reactive in urban dogs. The identification of a cluster with more reactive dogs than expected allows local preventive measures to be taken.

Valores da Amplitude de Distribuição do Tamanho dos Eritrócitos (RDW) em eqüinos Puro Sangue Inglês (PSI) submetidos a exercícios de diferentes intensidades

In order to evaluate the influence of exercise of different intensities on Red Blood Cell Distribution width (RDW) and Packed Cell Volume (VG) in Thoroughbred horses, blood was collected from 60 animals, 30 males and 30 females, subdivided in groups of horses with 24 to 36 months of age and not in training, and after 12 months of training, and horses with 36 to 48 months of age in training. Blood samples where collected before and after trot and gallop. Samples where analyzed with a automatic cell counter (Cell-Dyn 3500R, Abbott Diagnostic). Red Blood Cell Distribution width (RDW) values increased significantly after trot and gallop demonstrating a variation in the size of red blood cells, while Packed Medium Cell Volume (VGM) values did not show variations before or after exercise.

Avaliação da distribuição da densidade em MDF a partir da técnica da onda de ultra-som

The goal of this research was to determine the density distribution in medium density fiberboard (MDF), manufactured with polyurethane derived from castor oil using, ultrasonic wave technique. The equipment used in this test is Steinkamp BP7 with plan and exponential transducers, both with 45 kHz frequencies, located in several zones on the plate in order to determine wave ultrasonic velocity. The Pinus caribaea and Eucalyptus grandis fiberboard were manufactured in the quality control and products development laboratory of Duratex with 500 mm long, 500 mm large, 8 and 15 mm of thickness. Three MDF for each fiber specimen and thickness were fabricated, totalizing twelve plates tested. The MDF were produced with 5% polyurethane addition, in temperature of 160°C, tension press of 53 bars and addition of moisture content of 12%. For determination of fiberboard density, samples were extracted from the same zones where the wave ultrasonic velocity was determined. In this case, DAX-Ray equipment was used. Statistical analysis shows good agreement with wave ultrasonic velocity and the density profile, validating the application of non-destructive technique in order to determine the density profile of MDF's.

Análise distribuição da carga hidráulica e vazão na unidade operacional de um sistema de irrigação localizada

The different combination possibilities of emission uniformity and field slope within the operational unities of localized irrigation systems favor the occurence of some configurations in the irrigation system, and consequently different hydraulic head distributions, discharge and system management. After the system has been implanted, it is necessary to verify pressure and discharge distribution in the operational unit. This work objective was to verify pressure and discharge uniformity on derivation line and lateral lines with micro sprinkle in data gotten from operational research. The results allow to check that despite analyzed declivity; the higher the emission uniformity calculated for the line of derivation in the project is, the higher its pressure uniformity is. Previously the results of discharge in the emitters of the operational unit showed a constant variation entering the point of higher discharge and lower discharge, even though differently from the three tested irrigation blades.