CURRÍCULO E CULTURA: ELEMENTOS DO FRACASSO ESCOLAR Um estudo com base nas provas do SARESP e FUVEST

A fim de retirar a imputação pelo fracasso escolar dos ombros das próprias vítimas (alunos) discutiremos como os críticos do currículo entendem a construção e o funcionamento deste e confrontar com a realidade do alunado, principalmente comparando os resultados conseguidos por estes em provas baseadas no currículo do ensino fundamental e médio. Nossas pesquisas apontam que o fracasso é do currículo, não do aluno, que aplicado com indiferença dentro das escolas, menosprezam a cultura e interesses dos alunos, resultando nas crises de relacionamento e nos baixos resultados de forma geral. Iniciado nas primeiras séries, o currículo irá definir o que a desigualdade social brasileira já definiu, a reprodução das estruturas que formam as elites Isto poderá ser verificado com os resultados das provas do Saresp Sistema de Avaliação de Resultados do Ensino do Estado de São Paulo.(AU)

CURRÍCULO DO ENSINO MÉDIO: UMA REFLEXÃO A PARTIR DAS HISTÓRIAS DE VIDA DE PROFESSORES

Esta dissertação de mestrado tem como objetivo contribuir com a construção de um currículo para o ensino médio, elaborado com a participação dos professores, que tem como princípio a abordagem multirreferencial. Esta abordagem permite uma leitura plural para compreender os processos educacionais, ao mesmo tempo em que possibilita analisar os objetos e sujeitos da pesquisa a partir de diferentes olhares e perspectivas. A pesquisa foi realizada em um desenho diferenciado, já que a autora atua, contemporaneamente, como pesquisadora e, com sua equipe de trabalho, como sujeito pesquisado. A autora optou pela metodologia de historia de vida por considerar que as histórias de vida de educadores que cotidianamente vivenciam a atividade educativa se constituem em ricos e singulares processos. Nessas condições, a coleta de dados se deu por meio de relatos autobiográficos dos professores, os quais foram lidos, analisados e discutidos coletivamente pelos sujeitos pesquisados. As discussões e reflexões comprovaram a relevância de envolver, na formulação de um currículo, os sujeitos que constituem os processos educativos, ao mesmo tempo em que nestes se constituem. As contribuições desse processo podem ser sintetizadas nos seguintes eixos: reconhecimento do sujeito como autor de sua prática formativa; pluralidade como marca fundamental do currículo; o aspecto relacional como núcleo do currículo; a autorização na origem e na finalidade de um currículo de possibilidades emancipatórias; formação ética e estética como inspirações transversais; e possibilidades de cultura e trabalho como centralidade formativa.

“Currículo encarnado”: cartografia simbólica e afinidades pós-coloniais

This thesis has as main objective to reflect about the defining conceptual elements of the embodied curriculum concept, ident ified curriculum conception from the analysis about the rationality employed in the doctoral work of teacher Antonio Fernando Gouvê a da Silva, entitled The construction of the curriculum in popular critical perspective: the significant words to the context ualized practices , written and defended in the Postgraduate Program in Education: Curriculum, in the Pontifícia Catholic University of São Paulo, in 2004. We looked, also, on the problematization of the affinities between postcolonial theories – analytical perspectives towards the discussion about coloniality and their effect on contemporary social weaving – and the embodied curriculum concept. We argue that the reflections present in the aforementioned work bring an articulated curriculum concept based on three conceptual symbiotic elements, namely: negativity, dialogue and praxis, which, by endorsing the possibility of a curricular ingrained practice in the life context of the individuals, have some post - colonial inclinations that lead to the problematizat ion about the neo - colonial manifestations in curricular sphere, outlining a critique of the modus operandi of the colonialism, particularly, in its cultural and epistemic dimension from which the education is inseparable. For that, we used as methodologica l procedure the symbolic cartography, knowledge building strategy systematized by Boaventura de Sousa Santos, which allowed us to construct interpretive maps that enabled the symbolization of the universe which we longed to understand, that is, the concept ual categories mentioned above, which, in our view, underlie the concept of embodied curriculum. In this direction, we anchored ourselves in a meaningful dialogue with the theoretical approach of Paulo Freire and some of his interpreters regarding the disc ussion on curriculum, especially the reflections dev eloped by Antonio Fernando Gouvê a da Silva, and authors whose theoretical developments resonate in prospects for humanization, social justice and empowerment, among which we highlight: Theodor Adorno, Hug o Zemelman, Wilfred Carr, Adolfo Sánchez Vázquez, among others. We seek, in the same manner, on the contributions of authors considered post - colonial, as Hugo Achugar, Gayatri Spivak, Boaventura de Sousa Santos and Enrique Dussel, to name a few, the reason s why we consider the embodied curriculum as a place of political - pedagogical enunciation, conducive to an educational praxis that engages in a curricular work of reality translation in order to see what overwhelms it to, then, elicit the construction of a school curriculum as an awareness project for releasing in relation to what is unjust and inhumane. We consider, finally, that the success of this curriculum embodied translation implies a larger number of speakers mobilized in the production of knowledge that yearns for social emancipation and contribute to the enrichment of human capabilities as the maintenance of the life and the dignity of people.

Identidades coletivas de estudiosos da linguagem no currículo lattes: docência, pertença social e capital cultural-acadêmico

The discussion involving the identity of social actors has taken place for some years, however, it has become significant for the discourse studies over the last years due to the fragmentation of postmodern actors. Understanding the identity as a symbolic concept that can aid in the detection of certain realities - a kind of mechanism / a magnifying glass (MERLUCCI, 1985) - you can check the linguistic materiality of the introductory text of the lattes resume as a adequate place for the formation of collective identities . The aim of this dissertation is to reflect, in a time of postmodernity, through the lattes introductory curriculum texts, the collective identities of the language researchers are portrayed in discursive and social practices based on the accumulation of cultural and academic capital. For analysis, surrounding the indisciplinary posture in Applied Linguistics (MOITA-LOPES, 2006), the descriptive / interpretive methodology was used (MAGALHÃES, 2001). Whereas the study method and the social theory, as state reasons of the research makes use of the Sociological Approach and Communicational Discourse, chain linked to the assumptions of Critical Discourse Analysis (PEDROSA, 2012a). The corpus is constituted of twenty-seven introductory texts from the lattes curriculum of language researchers, connected to three institutions of higher learning in Sergipe. After the collection, on the lattes platform, and the numbering of the curriculum in order to achieve the research objective, we performed the analysis based on three identity themes: teaching, social belonging (BAJOIT, 2006; DESCHAMPS; MOLINER, 2009) and the accumulation of academic-cultural capital (BOURDIEU, 2004; HEY, 2008). The data show that the texts of the lattes curriculum are based on hegemonic and ideological principals, referring to the accumulation of academic assets, the valuation of actors and the hierarchical positions, recognized and ratified by couples who socialize among themselves Right now, the research allows us to infer that, in postmodernity, some collective identity assumptions, contribute to the understanding of the academic reality, around the the lattes curriculum.

Saberes e perspectivas dos docentes em torno do currículo de uma escola pública rural do RN

Este trabajo tiene como objetivo analizar los saberes y las perspectivas docentes en torno al currículum de una escuela pública rural de Enseñanza Fundamental del Río Grande do Norte considerando, sobre todo, los debates sobre la Educación en el Campo en Souza (2006, 2007), Arroyo, Caldart y Molina (2004) y Fernandes (2002, 2004). La propuesta surge como alternativa para la elaboración de proposiciones curriculares para mejorar la calidad de la enseñanza en esas escuelas, según las características específicas de la educación escolar en contexto rural, en la expectativa de que esta sea un elemento para el desarrollo local y global de las comunidades rurales. La fundamentación teórica para responder a la investigación, se respalda en las consideraciones sobre los saberes docentes teniendo en cuenta las lecturas de Gauthier (1998), Tardif (2011), Pimenta (2009), Paulo Freire (1996), Nóvoa (2007, 2008) y las referencias sobre el currículum crítico y postcrítico discutidas en Giroux (1997), Silva (1999), Moreira (2008), Moreira y Candau (2003, 2010), Sacristán (2000) e Sacristán e Gómez (1998). La referencia empírica se constituye de una escuela pública de una comunidad rural en el municipio de São José de Mipibu-RN. Los sujetos sociales de la investigación son cuatro profesores(as) que trabajan en los años iniciales de la Enseñanza Fundamental. Se recurrió a la investigación etnográfica fundamentada en los estudios de Lüdke y André (1986), Sandín Estebán (2010) y Gil (2007), una vez que el análisis del cotidiano escolar, bajo el mirar etnográfico, a través de los procedimientos de la observación participante y de la entrevista semiestructurada, permite el contacto directo del investigador con el ambiente en estudio, registra el no documentado, y percibe la institución escolar como espacio cultural, caracterizando varios grados de acomodación, contestación y resistencia inmersos en una pluralidad de lenguajes y objetivos conflictivos. Las observaciones hechas en la clase y las enseñanzas de los profesores y profesoras permiten comprender que los saberes y perspectivas docentes, a partir de las experiencias del profesorado, lanzan expectativas socioprofesionales sobre la docencia e intensifican el papel fundamental del docente en la construcción de los saberes, de las prácticas y concepciones del mundo rural, de la escuela rural y de la función social de esta. Los hallazgos de la investigación con los profesores sobre el contexto rural apuntan para la necesidad en problematizar verdades socialmente construidas, bajo la orientación de una racionalidad que reconozca el espacio rural como productor de la existencia. A partir de los análisis construidos, se pudo reconocer la necesidad de una política de formación conceptual específica para el profesorado de las escuelas rurales, anclada en el concepto históricocultural del rural. También se reitera la urgencia permanente y continuada en revisar los procesos de formación, vividos en la escuela, que contemplen las peculiaridades de la enseñanza rural, en una visión contrahegemónica del urbanocentrismo, a partir de un análisis crítico sobre el marco legal de la Educación del Campo.

Currículo escolar e inclusão de estudantes com deficiência: diálogos com uma escola pública

This work of qualitative approach, has as its study object the school curriculum, resulting from the implementation of public policies for inclusion in the Brazilian educational field and of the teaching organization in State School Despertar. While we acknowledge advances in government discussions and proposals related to school inclusion in our country, it is still important to develop studies and interventions in the context of basic education focused on the curriculum. With methodological basis in collaborative-critical action research and contribution by Barbier, the survey was conducted in 2013, in a state school in the Natal - Rio Grande do Norte - school system, and aimed to analyze the curriculum of the State School Despertar, in particular issues related to the inclusion of students with disabilities in common teaching classes expressed in the school and in collective situations of continuing education with teachers and interpreter of Brazilian Sign Language (Libras). The school was previously chosen because it had already been locus of research in a study conducted by a professor at the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte promoting the knowledge of their formative needs. The study subjects were 26 teachers in the early years and the end of elementary school and a Libras interpreter. The instruments were direct observation, semi-structured interviews, document analysis and a proposal for continuing education called Collaborative Group on School Inclusion (GCEI), established with the participating subjects and the other research collaborators. The analyzed data showed eight dialogues built with the State School Despertar, being basic the contributions of Goffman (1988) on stigma and of Forquin (1993) on school culture. As a theoretical framework, there were important contributions on School Curriculum (SACRISTÁN, 2000; 2007; APPLE, 2006; 2008), School Inclusion (BUENO, 2008), Continuing Education (NÓVOA, 2002; GATTI, 2003) and the existing studies on the dialogues between Curriculum and Special Education (MAGALHÃES, 2002; SILVA, 2008; 2010; OLIVEIRA, 2004; VIEIRA, 2012). The study highlighted the importance of extending the dialogue, the theoretical deepening of GCEI for the understanding of school curriculum and the specifics of any students, with or without disability. It will be necessary to revisit the school teaching practices that do not correspond to the students, for instance the formation of classes made in classrooms. It is also important to consider the organization of the school day and its interface with the pedagogical functions of each member of the school in building curriculum practices consistent with the diversity of modes and learning styles. Subliminal aspects of the curriculum should be reviewed, given its implications in the context of the classroom and management. However, significant changes identified in the practices of some teachers, such as the use of audio description, stimulus to the participation of students with disabilities and use of images, favored the development of other students, who benefit of more exciting and participatory classes. Based on the conducted research, we conclude on the importance of collectively discuss the conditions for / in schooling of different students and the (re)thinking of curriculum practices in the school as a whole, and therein lies a paradox because, on the one hand, it is not about minimizing the specific knowledge in dealing with the needs of students with disabilities, on the other, we are not interested in distancing these needs from those inherent in human nature, therefore peculiar to the other students. The questioning of our own practices is the challenge imposed, not to special education, or its target audience, but this is undoubtedly task of education.

Currículo escolar e inclusão de estudantes com deficiência: diálogos com uma escola pública

This work of qualitative approach, has as its study object the school curriculum, resulting from the implementation of public policies for inclusion in the Brazilian educational field and of the teaching organization in State School Despertar. While we acknowledge advances in government discussions and proposals related to school inclusion in our country, it is still important to develop studies and interventions in the context of basic education focused on the curriculum. With methodological basis in collaborative-critical action research and contribution by Barbier, the survey was conducted in 2013, in a state school in the Natal - Rio Grande do Norte - school system, and aimed to analyze the curriculum of the State School Despertar, in particular issues related to the inclusion of students with disabilities in common teaching classes expressed in the school and in collective situations of continuing education with teachers and interpreter of Brazilian Sign Language (Libras). The school was previously chosen because it had already been locus of research in a study conducted by a professor at the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte promoting the knowledge of their formative needs. The study subjects were 26 teachers in the early years and the end of elementary school and a Libras interpreter. The instruments were direct observation, semi-structured interviews, document analysis and a proposal for continuing education called Collaborative Group on School Inclusion (GCEI), established with the participating subjects and the other research collaborators. The analyzed data showed eight dialogues built with the State School Despertar, being basic the contributions of Goffman (1988) on stigma and of Forquin (1993) on school culture. As a theoretical framework, there were important contributions on School Curriculum (SACRISTÁN, 2000; 2007; APPLE, 2006; 2008), School Inclusion (BUENO, 2008), Continuing Education (NÓVOA, 2002; GATTI, 2003) and the existing studies on the dialogues between Curriculum and Special Education (MAGALHÃES, 2002; SILVA, 2008; 2010; OLIVEIRA, 2004; VIEIRA, 2012). The study highlighted the importance of extending the dialogue, the theoretical deepening of GCEI for the understanding of school curriculum and the specifics of any students, with or without disability. It will be necessary to revisit the school teaching practices that do not correspond to the students, for instance the formation of classes made in classrooms. It is also important to consider the organization of the school day and its interface with the pedagogical functions of each member of the school in building curriculum practices consistent with the diversity of modes and learning styles. Subliminal aspects of the curriculum should be reviewed, given its implications in the context of the classroom and management. However, significant changes identified in the practices of some teachers, such as the use of audio description, stimulus to the participation of students with disabilities and use of images, favored the development of other students, who benefit of more exciting and participatory classes. Based on the conducted research, we conclude on the importance of collectively discuss the conditions for / in schooling of different students and the (re)thinking of curriculum practices in the school as a whole, and therein lies a paradox because, on the one hand, it is not about minimizing the specific knowledge in dealing with the needs of students with disabilities, on the other, we are not interested in distancing these needs from those inherent in human nature, therefore peculiar to the other students. The questioning of our own practices is the challenge imposed, not to special education, or its target audience, but this is undoubtedly task of education.

El paisaje tecnológico: relaciones entre la imagen secuenciada y el paisaje diseñado a través del concepto de palimpsesto

Esta investigación posee un carácter hipotético. Se hace manifiesto desde el principio el esfuerzo por evitar una línea de exposición categórica. Más bien se tiende a la apertura, a la flexibilidad y a la inclusión, haciendo hincapié en la importancia de la variabilidad, no sólo como materia perteneciente a la ontología de las computadoras, sino como creciente tendencia cultural. - Objetivos y resultados El propósito de este trabajo es el de establecer un análisis comparativo entre dos mundos no cotejados hasta el momento: el del paisaje diseñado y el de las tecnologías. En concreto las de la imagen audiovisual dentro del ámbito del projection mapping, un método de proyección que proporciona una realidad “mixta,” consistente en la convivencia en tiempo real de un entorno virtual y uno físico. El objetivo es comprobar si existen conceptos y características fundamentales del paisaje diseñado análogos a los conceptos y las características esenciales de la imagen secuenciada; y en los casos en los que así sea, identificarlos y relacionarlos, utilizando como hilo conductor la idea de palimpsesto. Entendemos un palimpsesto como un mecanismo en el que se da una sucesión de etapas o estados, ya sea en cuanto a su evolución en el tiempo, a su movimiento en el espacio o a cualquier otro tipo de acción secuenciada, física, ideológica o ambas combinadas; en el que todos estos pasos tienen cabida y en el que cada pisada no existiría sin su predecesora. Proponemos la hipótesis de que paisaje y tecnología comparten cualidades, procesos, usos y mecanismos, elementos que las relacionan en su devenir histórico y social...

Festival Jóvenes Tocados por la Publicidad. Análisis e investigación del proyecto pre-profesional para su inclusión en el currículo de los alumnos de publicidad en la Universidad Antonio de Nebrija

El objeto de estudio de esta tesis fue analizar un caso, el Festival Jóvenes Tocados por la Publicidad, que se desarrolla en la Universidad Antonio de Nebrija de Madrid, intentando determinar sus puntos fuertes y valores para ser incorporado en el plan formativo del grado de Publicidad y Relaciones Públicas y por tanto, en el currículo de sus estudiantes y egresados. Desde su nacimiento, los estudios de Publicidad y Relaciones Públicas en la Universidad Antonio de Nebrija, primero en su denominación de licenciatura y desde el año 2007 para la obtención del título de grado, han intentado diferenciarse del resto de facultades con los mismos estudios universitarios por proporcionar una formación académica con un carácter marcadamente profesional. Este enfoque se ha podido apreciar no solo en sus planes de estudio, sino también en las actividades de extensión universitaria ligadas al mismo, entre las que destacan Nebrifest, el Concurso de Gráfica Nebrija, las Jornadas de Publicidad Digital o el Festival Jóvenes Tocados por la Publicidad, proyecto que analiza la investigación realizada en esta tesis. Se convierte, como queda recogido en la propia memoria de grado, “(…) en escaparate del trabajo de los estudiantes, (…) como actividad pre-profesional aglutinadora de contenidos y competencias de la titulación, muy en línea con el espíritu de Bolonia.” Creemos que un estudio de análisis en profundidad de este caso puede contribuir a enriquecer y ofrecer experiencias docentes que aporten modelos de aplicación para toda la comunidad investigadora...