Alpha OSEK:一个基于OSEK/VDX标准实现的嵌入式实时操作系统

文章介绍了基于OSEK标准实现的嵌入式实时操作系统-AlphaOSEK。该操作系统适于深嵌入、小内存、有强实时需求的环境。介绍了操作系统的各组成模块及相关特征,还分析了AlphaOSEK对OSEK标准的优化。

Investigation of Interfacial Tensions for Carbon Dioxide Aqueous Solutions by Perturbed-Chain Statistical Associating Fluid Theory Combined with Density-Gradient Theory

The perturbed-chain statistical associating fluid theory and density-gradient theory are used to construct an equation of state (EOS) applicable for the phase behaviors of carbon dioxide aqueous solutions. With the molecular parameters and influence parameters respectively regressed from bulk properties and surface tensions of pure fluids as input, both the bulk and interfacial properties of carbon dioxide aqueous solutions are satisfactorily correlated by adjusting the binary interaction parameter (k(ij)). Our results show that the constructed EOS is able to describe the interfacial properties of carbon dioxide aqueous solutions in a wide temperature range, and illustrate the influences of temperature, pressure, and densities in each phase on the interfacial properties.

Continuous-flow polymerase chain reaction microfluidics by using spiral capillary channel embedded on copper

This paper presents a novel method for performing polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification by using spiral channel fabricated on copper where a transparent polytetrafluoroethylene ( PTFE) capillary tube was embedded. The channel with 25 PCR cycles was gradually developed in a spiral manner from inner to outer. The durations of PCR mixture at the denaturation, annealing and extension zones were gradually lengthened at a given flow rate, which may benefit continuous-flow PCR amplification as the synthesis ability of the Taq polymerase enzyme usually weakens with PCR time. Successful continuous-flow amplification of DNA fragments has been demonstrated. The PCR products of 249, 500 and 982 bp fragments could be obviously observed when the flow rates of PCR mixture were 7.5, 7.5 and 3.0 mm s(-1), respectively, and the required amplification times were about 25, 25, and 62 min, respectively. Besides, the successful segmented-flow PCR of three samples ( 249, 500 and 982 bp) has also been reported, which demonstrates the present continuous-flow PCR microfluidics can be developed for high-throughput genetic analysis.

Experimental study on K alpha X-ray emission from intense femtosecond laser-solid interactions

The characteristics of K alpha X-ray sources generated by p-polarized femtosecond laser-solid interactions are experimentally studied in the relativistic regime. By use of knife-edge image technique and a single-photon-counting X-ray CCD camera, we obtaine the source size, the spectrum and the conversion efficiency of the Ka X-ray sources. The experimental results show that the conversion efficiency of Ka photons reaches an optimum value of 7.08 x 10(-6)/sr at the laser intensity of 1.6 x 10(18) W/cm(2), which is different from the Reich's simulation results (Reich et al., 2000 Phys. Rev. Lett. 84 4846). We find that about 10% of laser energy is converted into the forward hot electrons at the laser intensity of 1.6 x 10(18) W/cm(2).

唾液酸转移酶Ⅰ（ST6GalⅠ）及甲胎蛋白（AFP）上肝癌特异糖链在肝细胞肝癌细胞系和肝病患者血液中的表达

肝癌（HCC）是一种重要的恶性肿瘤，具有高发病率和不良预后的特点，在中国有很多的肝癌患者。早期发现和精确区分肝癌与其他肝病，对于肝癌的临床诊断治疗有十分重要的作用。由于肝脏所处位置较深，以及检测仪器和手段的限制，肝癌的早期诊断相对困难，所以比较好的血清学标记物应用于早期区分肝癌和其他肝病显得尤为重要。目前应用较多的标记物是甲胎蛋白AFP。由于单独的AFP其敏感性和特异性并不高，更为理想的检测手段正在研究中。 Beta-galactoside alpha-2,6-sialyltransferase Ⅰ(ST6GalⅠ)是唾液酸转移酶家族中的一员，主要调控蛋白的唾液酸化。有研究发现ST6Gal在肝癌中表达升高，而且随着肝实体瘤的恶化而可能被释放到外周血中。所以血液中的ST6GalⅠ水平可能是一种有潜力的肝癌指标。另外，有研究显示，AFP的糖链结构在肝癌和其他肝病中是不同的，如果能用AFP上肝癌特异糖链作为检测目标，联合已有的检测体系，可能有助于早期精确诊断肝癌。 目的：我们选择ST6Gal Ⅰ和AFP上肝癌特异糖链TF（Thomsen-Friedenreich）抗原，H2血型抗原，Lewis Y血型抗原作为主要的研究内容，通过对其在肝癌细胞系和肝病血液中的表达研究，探讨其应用于肝癌早期诊断的可能。 方法：1）用合成的ST6Gal Ⅰ多肽免疫兔子，制备抗ST6Gal Ⅰ多克隆抗体；2）通过免疫细胞化学，ELISA和western blot等方法对制作的兔多克隆抗体进行效价分析；3）通过western blot方法对肝癌、肝硬化和正常人的血浆和血清中ST6Gal表达进行研究；4）通过免疫沉淀的方法对肝癌细胞系和肝癌血浆中AFP上肝癌特异糖链进行研究。 结果：1）制备的兔抗人ST多克隆抗血清，效价可达1:400000，能够通过免疫细胞化学和western blot检测到肝癌细胞系中的ST6GalⅠ；2）所选的3例肝癌血浆和2例肝癌血清中都有ST6GalⅠ阳性，在所选的2例肝硬化血浆和2例肝硬化血清中，分别只有1例有ST6GalⅠ的阳性，在3例正常人血浆中有2例有ST6GalⅠ阳性；3）AFP上肝癌特异的糖链TF抗原、H2抗原、Lewis Y抗原可以通过免疫沉淀的方法在肝癌病人血浆和肝癌细胞系HepG2中检出。 结论：制备的兔抗人ST6GalⅠ多克隆抗体具有较高效价，并可以检测到自然状态和变性状态的目标蛋白，可以应用于ST6GalⅠ的研究；通过western blotting对肝病血液的检测，发现在肝癌、肝硬化和正常人血液中的ST6GalⅠ的表达有差异，为ST6GalⅠ作为一种肿瘤标记物进行血清学检测提供了可能的前提；免疫沉淀的结果，证实了在肝癌病人的AFP上有TF、H2、LewisY等糖链的存在，为AFP上肝癌特异糖链作一种区分肝癌和其他良性肝病的标记物提供了证据。