Self Evolving Character Recognition Using Genetic Operators

In this paper, a novel approach for character recognition has been presented with the help of genetic operators which have evolved from biological genetics and help us to achieve highly accurate results. A genetic algorithm approach has been described in which the biological haploid chromosomes have been implemented using a single row bit pattern of 315 values which have been operated upon by various genetic operators. A set of characters are taken as an initial population from which various new generations of characters are generated with the help of selection, crossover and mutation. Variations of population of characters are evolved from which the fittest solution is found by subjecting the various populations to a new fitness function developed. The methodology works and reduces the dissimilarity coefficient found by the fitness function between the character to be recognized and members of the populations and on reaching threshold limit of the error found from dissimilarity, it recognizes the character. As the new population is being generated from the older population, traits are passed on from one generation to another. We present a methodology with the help of which we are able to achieve highly efficient character recognition.

On the Character of Growth of a Non-Contracting Semigroup

2000 Mathematics Subject Classification: 47A45.

Maguk urai – a magyar vállalkozó lelkialkata (A magyarországi kisvállalkozók értékvilágának néhány jellemzője) Their own bosses – The character of the Hungarian entrepreneur (Some aspects of the value system of small entrepreneurs in Hungary)

The study uses the value test developed by Shalom Schwartz to examine the value system of Hungarian entrepreneurs. First, the dataset of the last wave of the European Social Survey is used to define those value orientations which generally distinguish entrepreneurs from the rest of society in Europe. Second, the prevalence of these ‘entrepreneurial values’ in the general populations of various countries, and Hungary in particular, is explored. Third, using compatible data from a survey of 300 Hungarian small entrepreneurs, the value orientations that distinguish them from other European entrepreneurs and Hungarian non-entrepreneurs are examined. Multivariate regression analyses allow us to draw a nuanced value-portrait of the typical Hungarian entrepreneur. The main conclusion is that although Hungarian small entrepreneurs share the ’core values’ of entrepreneurs in Europe, they are less adventurous and less materialist, but held personal freedom and human relations especially dear.