Perfil sensorial e aceitação de bebida láctea achocolatada

O perfil sensorial de bebida láctea achocolatada foi obtido por meio da Análise Descritiva Quantitativa (ADQ), utilizando três marcas comerciais do produto. Doze termos descritivos foram desenvolvidos por uma equipe de provadores selecionados e treinados, que geraram também a definição de cada termo e as amostras referência. Os resultados foram submetidos à ANOVA, teste de Tukey e Análise de Componentes Principais. A bebida láctea achocolatada da marca A caracterizou-se por apresentar maior intensidade de doçura, aroma e sabor de caramelo, enquanto as características predominantes da marca B foram a cor marrom, viscosidade e arenosidade muito intensos. O produto da marca C diferiu dos demais por apresentar maior aroma e sabor de leite. Foi também realizado um teste de aceitação para avaliar as amostras de uma forma global, quanto a intensidade do ideal de doçura e a intenção de compra. Todas as marcas apresentaram boa aceitabilidade global, não apresentando diferença significativa entre si, assim como a intenção de compra. O teste com o consumidor indicou que a amostra B apresentou intensidade de doçura ideal.

Preparação de um material de referência certificado para controle de agrotóxicos em hortifrutigranjeiros: estudo da estabilidade

Neste trabalho são apresentados os resultados dos estudos de estabilidade referentes à produção de um material de referência certificado. Foram avaliados níveis residuais de concentração dos agrotóxicos γ-HCH, fenitrotiona, clorpirifós e procimidona em polpa de tomate. A pasteurização e a irradiação gama foram empregadas à polpa de tomate, visando manter a integridade da amostra candidata a material de referência. A polpa foi preparada e dividida em duas partes. Cada parte foi fortificada com os referidos agrotóxicos na faixa de concentração de 0,1 a 0,2 mg.kg-1. Uma das partes foi submetida à pasteurização a 90 °C por 4 minutos e a outra parte foi irradiada com dose de 2,0 kGy depois de homogeneizada. A estabilidade e a incerteza da amostra, correspondente ao período de tempo avaliado, foram determinadas através da análise de regressão em conjunto com a ANOVA. Os resultados indicaram que ambos os procedimentos de preparo da amostra são adequados para a conservação da polpa de tomate fortificada com os quatro agrotóxicos, com vantagem para o tratamento por irradiação com a dose de 2,0 kGy.

Perfil sensorial de bolos de chocolate formulados com farinha de yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius)

Neste trabalho foi avaliado o uso de farinha de yacon na formulação de bolos de chocolate para se verificar a influência deste constituinte sobre a qualidade sensorial e cromaticidade do produto. Foram analisadas amostras de bolos, formulados com farinha de yacon, denominadas: amostra P (bolo padrão, sem farinha de yacon), amostra A (bolo com 20% de farinha de yacon) e amostra B (bolo com 40% de farinha de yacon). Para a avaliação sensorial, foi realizada a Análise Descritiva Quantitativa (ADQ), utilizando 15 provadores treinados, os quais definiram 9 atributos sensoriais (cor, estrutura do miolo, aroma, gosto doce, sabor de chocolate, sabor residual, umectância, maciez e qualidade global). A análise física dos bolos foi realizada através da caracterização cromática. Os dados sensoriais foram submetidos à análise de variância ANOVA, sendo realizado o teste de Duncan para comparação entre as médias de Duncan, ao nível de 5% de significância. Para verificar as correlações entre as amostras e os atributos, foi realizada a Análise de Componentes Principais (ACP). Na ACP, a soma de componentes principais 1 e 2 foi de 83,3%, ou seja, a variabilidade entre as amostras foi explicada por estes dois componentes. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que a adição de 40% de farinha de yacon resultou em maiores notas para o aroma (10,16), gosto doce (7,60), sabor de chocolate (10,52), maciez (11,44) e qualidade global (11,64). Com relação ao atributo estrutura não houve diferença significativa entre as notas dos bolos P, A e B. Independente da quantidade de farinha de yacon adicionada, o perfil sensorial dos bolos de chocolate foi influenciado e, em particular, o bolo com maior teor de farinha de yacon apresentou as melhores notas.

Padrões de identidade e qualidade de fermentados acéticos comerciais de frutas e vegetais

Este trabalho objetivou identificar padrões de identidade e qualidade de vinagres e quantificar a presença de compostos fenólicos totais em vinagres produzidos a partir de frutas e vegetais. Analisaram-se, em triplicata, vinagres de cana-de-açúcar, cana-de-açúcar com milho, kiwi, laranja, laranja com mel, maçã, arroz, manga, maracujá, milho, tangerina, tangerina com milho, vinagre de vinho tinto e vinagre de vinho branco. Foram realizadas análises de extrato seco, densidade, acidez volátil, pH, cinzas, grau alcoólico, açúcares redutores e polifenóis totais. Os resultados foram submetidos à ANOVA e as médias destes ao teste de Tukey ao nível de 5%. Houve correlação estatística entre extrato seco e densidade. Todas as amostras apresentaram valores de 0% de álcool. A presença do mel na formulação do vinagre de laranja com mel (43,27 mg EAG 100.mL-1) contribuiu para o aumento do conteúdo de polifenóis totais em relação ao de laranja (28,83 mg EAG.100 mL-1) em 50%. O fermentado de laranja com mel apresentou teor de polifenóis totais (43,27 mg EAG.100 mL-1) maior que o vinagre de vinho tinto (31,86 mg EAG.100 mL-1), assim como os de laranja e tangerina (34,36 mg EAG.100 mL-1). Conclui-se que houve diferenças entre as amostras para os parâmetros analisados e que os fermentados acéticos de laranja com mel, laranja e tangerina apresentam maior conteúdo de polifenóis totais que o de vinho tinto.

Sensory profile of Italian salami with coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) essential oil

The descriptive terminology and sensory prolife of four samples of Italian salami were determined using a methodology based on the Quantitative Descriptive Analysis (QDA). A sensory panel consensually defined sensory descriptors, their respective reference materials, and the descriptive evaluation ballot. Twelve individuals were selected as judges and properly trained. They used the following criteria: discriminating power, reproducibility, and individual consensus. Twelve descriptors were determined showing similarities and differences among the Italian salami samples. Each descriptor was evaluated using a 10 cm non-structured scale. The data were analyzed by ANOVA, Tukey test, and the Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The salami with coriander essential oil (T3) had lower rancid taste and rancid odor, whereas the control (T1) showed high values of these sensory attributes. Regarding brightness, T4 showed the best result. For the other attributes, T1, T2, T3, and T4 were similar.

Sensory profile of 'Douradão' peaches cold stored under controlled atmosphere

The sensory quality of 'Douradão' peaches cold stored in three different conditions of controlled atmosphere (CA1, CA2, CA3 and Control) was studied. After 14, 21 and 28 days of cold storage, samples were withdrawn from CA and kept for 4 days in ambient air for ripening. The sensory profile of the peaches and the descriptive terminology were developed by methodology based on the Quantitative Descriptive Analysis (QDA). The panelists consensually defined the sensory descriptors, their respective reference materials and the descriptive evaluation ballot. Fourteen panelists were selected based on their discrimination capacity and reproducibility. Seven descriptors were generated showing similarities and differences between samples. The data were analyzed by ANOVA, Tukey test and Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Results showed significant differences in the sensory profiles of the peaches. The PCA showed that CA2 and CA3 treatments were more characterized by the fresh peach flavor, fresh peach appearance, juiciness and flesh firmness, and were effective in keeping the good quality of the 'Douradão' peaches during the 28 days of cold storage. The Control and CA1 treatments were characterized by the mealiness and were ineffective for quality maintenance of the fruits during cold storage.

In natura açaí beverage: quality, pasteurization and acidification

The purpose of this work was to evaluate the physical, physicochemical, chemical and microbiological characteristics of in natura açai (Euterpe precatoria Mart.)beverageprocessed and commercialized in Rio Branco, Acre, submitting it to acidification and pasteurization treatments and evaluating their effects. Açaí fruits were processed to obtain the beverage as generally consumed. A 25 L sample was collected from a processing unit at a market in Rio Branco and transported to the Laboratory of Food Technology at the Federal University of Acre, for sampling of the experiments in a completely randomized design. Analyses of total solids, pH, total titrable acidity, proteins, lipids, moulds and yeasts, total and heat-tolerant coliforms at 45 ºC were performed in in natura beverage and after treatments. The results of the ANOVA showed, except for lipids, difference (p < 0.01) in the parameters. The in natura açaí beverage presented an elevated contamination by total and heat-tolerant coliforms at 45 ºC, moulds and yeasts, being in hygienic-sanitary conditions both unsatisfactory and unsafe for consumption. Pasteurization was efficient in reducing the beverage microbiota; it reduced contamination to an acceptable level according to the legislation, warranting food quality and safety. The acidified treatment partially reduced the microbiota. The beverage was classified as fine or type C.

Effect of air-temperature and diet composition on the drying process of pellets for japanese abalone (Haliotis discus hannai) feeding

The aim of this research was to study the effect of air-temperature and diet composition on the mass transfer kinetics during the drying process of pellets used for Japanese Abalone (Haliotis discus hannai) feeding. In the experimental design, three temperatures were used for convective drying, as well as three different diet compositions (Diets A, B and C), in which the amount of fishmeal, spirulin, algae, fish oil and cornstarch varied. The water diffusion coefficient of the pellets was determined using the equation of Fick's second law, which resulted in values between 0.84-1.94×10-10 m²/s. The drying kinetics was modeled using Page, Modified Page, Root of time, Exponential, Logarithmic, Two-Terms, Modified Henderson-Pabis and Weibull models. In addition, two new models, referred to as 'Proposed' models 1 and 2, were used to simulate this process. According to the statistical tests applied, the models that best fitted the experimental data were Modified Henderson-Pabis, Weibull and Proposed model 2, respectively. Bifactorial analysis of variance ANOVA showed that Diet A (fishmeal 44%, spirulin 9%, fish oil 1% and cornstarch 36%) presented the highest diffusion coefficient values, which were favored by the temperature increase in the drying process.

Sensory evaluation of "dulce de leche" with coffee and whey using different affective data analysis methods

This study sought to evaluate the acceptance of "dulce de leche" with coffee and whey. The results were analyzed through response surface, ANOVA, test of averages, histograms, and preference map correlating the global impression data with results of physical, physiochemical and sensory analysis. The response surface methodology, by itself, was not enough to find the best formulation. For ANOVA, test of averages, and preference map it was observed that the consumers' favorite "dulce de leche" were those of formulation 1 (10% whey and 1% coffee) and 2 (30% whey and 1% coffee), followed by formulation 9 (20% whey and 1.25% coffee). The acceptance of samples 1 and 2 was influenced by the higher acceptability in relation to the flavor and for presenting higher pH, L*, and b* values. It was observed that samples 1 and 2 presented higher purchase approval score and higher percentages of responses for the 'ideal' category in terms of sweetness and coffee flavor. It was found that consumers preferred the samples with low concentrations of coffee independent of the concentration of whey thus enabling the use of whey and coffee in the manufacture of dulce de leche, obtaining a new product.

Use of real-time PCR to evaluate two DNA extraction methods from food

The DNA extraction is a critical step in Genetically Modified Organisms analysis based on real-time PCR. In this study, the CTAB and DNeasy methods provided good quality and quantity of DNA from the texturized soy protein, infant formula, and soy milk samples. Concerning the Certified Reference Material consisting of 5% Roundup Ready® soybean, neither method yielded DNA of good quality. However, the dilution test applied in the CTAB extracts showed no interference of inhibitory substances. The PCR efficiencies of lectin target amplification were not statistically different, and the coefficients of correlation (R²) demonstrated high degree of correlation between the copy numbers and the threshold cycle (Ct) values. ANOVA showed suitable adjustment of the regression and absence of significant linear deviations. The efficiencies of the p35S amplification were not statistically different, and all R² values using DNeasy extracts were above 0.98 with no significant linear deviations. Two out of three R² values using CTAB extracts were lower than 0.98, corresponding to lower degree of correlation, and the lack-of-fit test showed significant linear deviation in one run. The comparative analysis of the Ct values for the p35S and lectin targets demonstrated no statistical significant differences between the analytical curves of each target.