998 resultados para Alergia a alimentos


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A crescente utilização de agrotóxicos na agricultura brasileira, tem levado a uma consequente presença de resíduos em altas doses nos alimentos que chegam à mesa dos consumidores. Tal situação tem se refletido na saúde pública, com elevação das suspeitas diagnósticas de intoxicação alimentar por resíduos de agrotóxicos nos alimentos. A relevância social desse novo evento é tal que, em 2001, a Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (Anvisa) criou um projeto com o objetivo de estruturar um serviço para avaliar e promover a qualidade dos alimentos em relação ao uso de agrotóxicos e afins. Em 2003, o projeto transformou-se em programa, Programa de Análise de Resíduos de Agrotóxicos, enfatizando a importância crescente do tema, principalmente para a saúde pública. O presente trabalho, de revisão da literatura sobre estudos relativos ao crescente avanço do uso de agrotóxicos, visa enfatizar o aumento dos casos de intoxicação por resíduos de pesticidas em alimentos verificados no sistema de saúde pública, bem como buscar propostas para minimizar intoxicação alimentares. Para isso, baseado na Literatura Científica acerca do tema e com a utilização da estrutura, tanto física como humana, de uma Unidade Básica de Saúde, foi utilizada com o objetivo de orientar a população quanto aos efeitos nocivos dos agrotóxicos, assim como elucidação de dúvidas referentes aos sintomas e como proceder para evitar o agravo à saúde provocados pelos pesticidas. Verificou-se queda no número absoluto de atendimento de pacientes com suspeitas diagnósticas de intoxicação na população adscrita da área em foco. É preciso atentarmos para o aumento no risco de intoxicações, haja visto a quantidade e variedade de agrotóxicos em uso atualmente. Nesse sentido, As Unidades Básicas de Saúde assume papel fundamental na melhora da qualidade de vida dos pacientes, com orientações, superando a função apenas de tratamento dos casos de intoxicação.

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O Programa de Saúde da Família (PSF) surgiu partir de um encontro promovido pelo Ministério da Saúde para discutir os resultados alcançados pelo Programa de Agentes Comunitários de Saúde (PACS), juntamente com os gestores municipais que reivindicavam reestruturação imediata do programa. Assim, o PSF nasceu sob a inspiração do êxito alcançado pelo PACS e a experiência positiva do Programa de Médico da Família em Niterói. O PSF, agora elevado ao status de Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF), configura-se como uma proposta de reordenamento do modelo assistencial a partir de uma nova configuração do sistema de atenção básica, através de uma equipe de profissionais de diversas áreas da saúde, com graus de instrução superior e médio, como é o caso dos Agentes Comunitários de Saúde (ACS's). O ACS é o profissional da saúde pertencente à comunidade de sua área de atuação, e que desenvolve ações nos domicílios sob sua responsabilidade. O ACS é, portanto, o elo de ligação entre Unidade de Saúde da Família e a comunidade onde desenvolve suas ações. Em virtude de sua proximidade com a comunidade e, consequentemente, com as famílias que a compõe, o ACS torna-se o principal difusor das práticas de atenção básica da saúde, principalmente ao que tange à alimentação familiar, em especial, da criança. Neste sentido, o presente trabalho visa demonstrar a importância do ACS frente às dificuldades enfrentadas pelas mães em relação à alimentação da criança, especialmente na etapa de transição alimentar, quando se requer atenção dobrada em relação às práticas nutricionais, pois, uma má orientação pode levar a situações patológicas irreversíveis na fase adulta do indivíduo.

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The post harvest cooling and/or freezing processes for horticultural products have been carried out with the objective of removing the heat from these products, allowing them a bigger period of conservation. Therefore, the knowledge of the physical properties that involve heat transference in the fig fruit Roxo de Valinhos is useful for calculating projects and systems of food engineering in general, as well as, for using in equations of thermodynamic mathematical models. The values of conductivity and thermal diffusivity of the whole fig fruit-rami index were determined, and from these values it was determined the value of the specific heat. For these determination it was used the transient method of the Line Heat Source. The results shown that the fig fruit has a thermal conductivity of 0.52 W m-1°C, thermal diffusivity of 1.56 x 10-7 m² s-1, pulp density of 815.6 kg m-3 and specific heat of 4.07 kJ kg-1 °C.

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Edible mushroom are highly perishable foods. Drying is an alternative to provide safe storage. In this work, the effects of some drying parameters on the quality of Shiitake mushroom were investigated: geometry of the raw material (whole and sliced), drying temperature (50 °C and 70 ºC) and final moisture content (5% and 15% wb). Experimental kinetics of drying was built and color and texture analyses were done in fresh and in rehydrated dried product. The effect of parameters was evaluated by analysis of variance and test of multiple comparisons. Drying kinetics showed that drying happened in falling-rate period and sliced mushroom dried at 70 ºC required lesser drying time than other treatments. Mushroom dried at 70 ºC showed less darkening. Drying time affected mushroom quality, evaluated by great hardness, gummosis and darkening.

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We estimated the prevalence of chronic diseases and other health problems reported by adolescents in relation to social and demographic variables and nutritional status. This cross-sectional population-based survey analyzed data from the Health Survey in Campinas, São Paulo State, Brazil, 2008. We used descriptive statistics and associations between variables with the chisquare test. Prevalence of chronic diseases among adolescents was 19.17%, with asthma showing the highest prevalence (7.59%), followed by heart disease (1.96%), hypertension (1.07%), and diabetes 0.21%. Prevalence rates were 61.53% for health problems, 40.39% for allergy, and 24.83% for frequent headache or migraine. After multivariate analysis using Poisson regression, the factors associated with chronic disease were age 15 to 19 years (PR = 1.38), not attending school (PR = 1.46), having children (PR = 1.84), and obesity (PR = 1.54). Female gender (PR = 1.12) was statistically associated with health problems. The study illustrates that adolescence is a life stage in which chronic disease and health problems can occur.

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It was done microencapsulation of natural essencial orange oil through spray-drying. The purpose was to use the best proportion of wall materials among maltodextrin, acacia gum, and modified starch (capsul) in order to retain greater amount of orange oil. The orange oil (10%) and maltodextrin (36%) remained constant. Three spray drying temperatures were employed: 180°C, 200°C and 220°C, therefore, nine final products were obtained. The superficial and inner oil concentrations were measured. The microcapsules were also examined through optical and scanning electron microscopy. The three temperatures employed did not affect the microencapsulation. The microstructure of the capsules were almost similar regardless the proportion employed among the carbohydrates to wall composition. At light microscopy it was observed a great heterogeneity of capsules diameters, and probably not smooth surfaces; at scanning electron microscopy it was clear that the walls displayed porosity over round surfaces. The best retention was given by the formula containing 10% of capsul, 10% of orange oil and 36% of maltodextrin, when total oil retention was 94%, regardless the drying temperature here employed.

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Culture supernatant of Staphylococcus aureus 722 in 3% triptone plus 1% yeast extract was used for EEA purification, proceeding comparison between dye ligand Red A affinity chromatography and classic chromatography. The capture of SEA with Amberlite CG-50 allowed rapid enterotoxin concentration from the culture supernatant. However, the ratio of 15 mg of the resin to a total of 150 mg of the toxin satured the resin, giving only 10 to 30% of SEA recuperation from the supernatant. The elution of concentrated material throught the Red A column resulted in a recovery of 60,87% of the toxin, and required 76 hours, indicating advantage on classic chromatography. Ion exchange column plus gel filtration recovered only 6,5 % of the SEA, and required 114 hours to conclude the procedure. The eletrophoresis of purified SEA indicated high grade of toxin obtained from Red A column, with 90 % of purity, compared to 60 % of classic column.

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Quality traits of boneless rib cut (L. dorsi muscle) from Nelore young bulls. To study the meat quality traits of Nelore breed young bulls, and the effect of age (690-780 days) on them, 113 animals were slaughtered after 109 days of intensive feeding with 20% concentrate and 80% roughage. All the carcasses were graded at the slaughter floor by the Federal Inspection and chilled for 24 hours (Tinitial=5°C, Tfinal=2°C). Fifty one half carcasses (right side), type B - B R A S I L `s grading system - from animals of 23 to 26 months were boned and separated into commercial cuts. Two steaks (2.5cm thick) were removed from each boneless rib cut (m. L. dorsi), vacuum packaged and aged for 7 days (0-2°C). The pH varied from 5.44 to 5.83 and only two samples had pH ³ 5.70. The L* (brightness) average value was 34.85. The water and fat content were 75.65% and 1.71%, respectively. The average WB shear force was 6.70kg, and it was not affected by age (690-734 days), but presented a trend (t test, p=0.22) for increasing values between 735 and 780 days. Animal age did not affect other quality traits (t test, p>0.20). It was concluded that the rib cut from Nelore young bulls may not have a good acceptability in exigent markets, and that carcasses graded B, presumed to be the best grade, do not necessarily present the best meat quality characteristics.