Perfil lipídico da membrana plasmática e alterações morfofuncionais de esperamatozóides de garanhões resistentes e sensíveis à criopreservação

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Pré-eclâmpsia e risco de alterações no ultrassom de crânio de recém-nascidos prematuros

Pós-graduação em Ginecologia, Obstetrícia e Mastologia - FMB

O consumo de laticínios está associado à redução de triglicerídios e alterações na composição corporal de mulheres com sobrepeso e obesidade: um estudo de intervenção de 12 semanas

Pós-graduação em Saúde Coletiva - FMB

Estudo comparativo entre cinco diferentes tratamentos sobre as alterações clínicas e laboratoriais do rato diabético induzido pela aloxana

OBJETIVOS: Este estudo visa a analisar os efeitos, a longo prazo, de cinco diferentes tratamentos sobre o controle metabólico de ratos diabéticos aloxânicos. MÉTODOS: Foram analisados 7 grupos experimentais, com 50 ratos cada um, sendo: GN o grupo controle normal; GD o grupo controle diabético, sem tratamento; GI, GA e GIA os grupos tratados, respectivamente, com insulina, acarbose e associação insulina + acarbose; GTIL o grupo tratado com transplante de ilhotas de Langerhans; e o GTPD o grupo tratado com transplante pancreatoduodenal heterotópico. Parâmetros clínicos (peso, ingestão hídrica, ingestão alimentar e diurese) e laboratoriais (glicemia, glicose urinária e insulina plasmática) foram avaliados em todos os animais, no início do experimento, e após 1, 3, 6, 9 e 12 meses de seguimento. RESULTADOS: À exceção do GN, mortalidade foi observada em todos os grupos experimentais no seguimento de 12 meses (GD= 50%; GI= 20%; GA= 26%; GIA= 18%; GTIL= 4%; GTPD= 20%). em GD, GI, GA e GIA os óbitos ocorreram por distúrbios metabólicos ou hidroeletrolíticos e/ou pneumonia, diarréia e caquexia; em GTIL e GTPD todos os óbitos ocorreram por falhas técnicas no pós-operatório até 72h. Animais dos grupos GI, GA e GIA tiveram melhora significativa (p < 0,05) de todos os parâmetros clínicos e laboratoriais observados em ratos diabéticos, sem diferença de efetividade entre os tratamentos. Porém, os resultados observados nestes grupos, biologicamente não foram comparáveis aos observados em GTIL e GTPD, onde observou-se correção completa, aos níveis normais, de todas as variáveis analisadas (p<0,01). CONCLUSÕES: Os tratamentos convencionais com insulina, acarbose e insulina + acarbose melhoraram o estado diabético grave dos ratos tratados, contudo, a eficácia dos tratamentos foi significativamente inferior à oferecida pelo GTIL e GTPD.

Erva mate minimiza as alterações do perfil lipídico promovidas por elevado consumo de sacarose

The yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis) is composed of bioactive that interfere with lipid metabolism. The objective was to evaluate if daily consumption of mate tea (MT) change the lipid deposits and dyslipidemia caused by excessive consumption of sucrose. Thirty male Wistar rats (40 days old) were divided into four groups: Group C - free access to commercial chow and deionized water; S - free access to commercial food, water and sucrose solution 30% (w/v) in water; MTS and deionized - free access to commercial feed solution, water, 30% sucrose (w/v) and treated with daily infusion of MT (soluble mate Leão Júnior®) via orogastric tube at a dose of 100 mg/kg/mc for 8 weeks. After the trial period the lipid profile was evaluated by the following parameters: a) direct weighing of the retroperitoneal (RP) and epididymal (EPI) adipose tissues; b) determination of plasma total cholesterol, triglycerides and HDL cholesterol concentration. The MT promoted the reduction of 1.4 times in both tissues RP and EPI in MTS group compared to group S. Treatment with MT decreased 2.7 times triglyceride in the MTS group compared with the group S. The sucrose consumption did not alter the plasma cholesterol concentration, however the consumption of MT significantly reduced total cholesterol circulating. The HDL cholesterol concentration, in the MTS group, showed higher concentration than in group S (1.3 times). MT prevents in young male rats the increase of lipid deposits and dyslipidemia caused by excessive consumption of sucrose.

Análise por computação gráfica das alterações produzidas em próteses totais superiores imersas diretamente em água e pela termociclagem

Objectives: This study aimed to assess dimensional changes in acrylic resin base and artificial teeth position after water storage and thermocycling using computer graphics measurements. Methods: Twenty-four waxed replicas were obtained from a previous upper complete denture. For linear measurements, points in cusps tips of left central incisor and second premolars and molars were marked in one of the prostheses with graphite and transferred to the others using an acrylic resin guide. The prostheses were scanned after waxing, polymerization and treatments and the images were exported to “AutoCad 2002 Today®” software for measurements. Results: There was no statistically significant difference in changes of each segment for each group and between the phases evaluated after polymerization and thermocycling. In groups I and III, the values after polymerization are higher than those after treatment, which suggests shrinkage while the prostheses in group II have expanded. Conclusion: The three groups exhibited artificial teeth movement after tests in comparison to the polymerized prosthesis. The prostheses submitted to water storage in kiln at 36ºC during seven days showed different behavior than the other groups.

Saúde bucal e educação infantil: avaliação do desgaste e do acondicionamento de escovas dentárias utilizadas por pré-escolares

Introduction: Early childhood is an essential phase of life for the future of oral health. The link between educational and health sectors can facilitate incorporating educational and preventive oral health practices in daily teaching in pre-schools. The main measure is manual tooth-brushing, which is the most accessible method for most of the population. Objective: The objective of this study is to evaluate macroscopically the wear on the bristles, form of storage, and identification of tooth brushes. Material and method: 345 toothbrushes used by children between the ages of 2 and 5 were evaluated in 4 pre-schools, by 2 participants from the oral health program. The Rawls et al. index was used to evaluate the bristles. Result: There were statistically significant differences (p = 0.020 - Mann-Whitney U test) between the frequency of toothbrushes, with the highest being (n = 205) stored at participating school; and, between adequate and inadequate brushes (p < 0.05 - X2 test) with 31.7 and 60%, respectively, classified as unfit for tooth-brushing. Of the toothbrush holders evaluated 100% were used collectively. Regarding identification, 18% of the toothbrushes were not identified in participating schools, and 37% in the others. Conclusion: The toothbrushes exhibited marked wear, and storage was inadequate; however, the schools participating in the oral health program showed toothbrushes with bristles less worn. It is suggested that training of educators regarding correct storage and evaluation of toothbrushes for wear of the bristles should be undertaken in all early childhood schools.

Saúde bucal dos idosos brasileiros: alterações estomatológicas na terceira idade

O presente estudo tem como propósito, através de revista de literatura, verificar as principais alterações estomatológicas na terceira idade. O edentulismo ainda é muito comum. O uso de próteses pode ocasionar o surgimento de lesões como estomatite, candidíase, hiperplasias e úlceras. Concluiu-se que a saúde bucal dos idosos brasileiros é precária e o uso de serviços odontológicos bastante incipiente. São necessários investimentos públicos em saúde bucal para reverter essa situação dos idosos com políticas concretas de ações preventivas, educativas, curativas e de reabilitação oral.

Estudo de alterações dimensionais da mandíbula medidas em radiografias panorâmicas

Rotational panoramic radiograpy is a widely used procedure for examination of the jaws. Then, the aim of this study was analyse the mandibular growth from images obtained on panoramic radiographs of male and female children with chronological age between 7-10 years old. Craniometrics points were identifyed and linear measurements obtained from mandibular body and ramus. The results showed an increase in mandibular body lenght and mandibular ramus height in both sexes. Statistically significant correlation was found between the total mandibular lenght (from codilion to mental) and mandibular body lenght (from gonion to mental), in male and female children.

Percepção e atitudes de pedagogos sobre aspectos relevantes do uso de escovas dentárias

Objective: To evaluate the perception and attitude of kindergarten teachers in relation to the storage of toothbrushes. Methodology: The analysis instrument used was a structured and previously validated questionnaire. The sample universe of this study was composed of all states and municipals kindergarten school teachers who taught in school year of 2010 at the town of Araçatuba / SP (n = 232). The criteria used to integrate the study were: to have a college degree and agree to participate. Results: 164 teachers participated of the study. The results were analyzed using Epi Info 6.04 and showed that 55% of the teachers had received some information about the proper storage of toothbrushes, and only 35% believed that the toothbrushes were storaged improperly. Most teachers, 97% reported being possible the transmission of microorganisms through the brush, however, there was observed difficulty in identifying which diseases could be transmitted. About the question related to the execute of supervised toothbrushing, 93% of the educators said that they realize supervised toothbrushing and the same percentage was observed for the identification of preschoolers at the toothbrushes. Conclusions: The perception and attitude of the teachers ahead the storage of toothbrushes are weak and limited, so there is a need for educational programs targeted to this group, so that they would have more information and knowledge related to the correct storage of toothbrushes and would continue to perform oral health preventive methods.