An investigation of the effects of pneumatic actuator design on slip control for heavy vehicles

Progress in reducing actuator delays in pneumatic brake systems is opening the door for advanced anti-lock braking algorithms to be used on heavy goods vehicles. However, little has been published on slip controllers for air-braked heavy vehicles, or the effects of slow pneumatic actuation on their design and performance. This paper introduces a sliding mode slip controller for air-braked heavy vehicles. The effects of pneumatic actuator delays and flow rates on stopping performance and air (energy) consumption are presented through vehicle simulations. Finally, the simulations are validated with experiments using a hardware-in-the-loop rig. It is shown that for each wheel, pneumatic valves with delays smaller than 3ms and orifice diameters around 8mm provide the best performance. © 2013 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.

Alternative approaches to slum upgrading in Kibera, Nairobi

This paper discusses the sustainability of two different approaches to upgrade water and sanitation infrastructure in Kenya's largest informal settlement, Kibera. A background to the urbanisation of poverty is outlined along with approaches to urban slums. Two case studies of completed interventions of infrastructure upgrading have been investigated. In one case study, the upgrading method driven by a non-government organisation uses an integrated livelihoods and partnership technique at community level to create an individual project. In the other case study, the method is a collaboration between the government and a multi-lateral agency to deliver upgraded services as part of a country-wide programme. The 'bottom-up' (project) and 'top-down' (programme) approaches both seek sustainability and aim to achieve this in the same context using different techniques. This paper investigates the sustainability of each approach. The merits and challenges of the approaches are discussed with the projected future of Kibera. The paper highlights the valuable opportunity for the role of appropriate engineering infrastructure for sustainable urban development, as well as the alleviation of poverty in a developing context.

五氯苯酚与腐殖酸作用的荧光猝灭效应研究

通过对五氯苯酚与腐殖酸作用的荧光猝灭效应研究,探讨了五氯苯酚与腐殖酸之间的相互作用机理．结果表明,五氯苯酚可以有规律地猝灭腐殖酸的内源荧光,其猝灭机理可认为是五氯苯酚和腐殖酸形成复合物的静态猝灭,五氯苯酚与腐殖酸的结合常数较大,说明腐殖酸能够有效吸附五氯苯酚分子,形成复合物;并获得了不同温度下,五氯苯酚与腐殖酸作用的结合常数和热力学参数．根据所得结果可推断五氯苯酚与腐殖酸的主要作用力为氢键和范德华力．

团头鲂卵壳蛋白的分离与纯化

报道了一种从团头鲂卵壳中提取卵壳蛋白的有效方法。该提取液经SDS PAGE电泳鉴定后 ,证明有三条主要的蛋白带 ,其分子量分别为 6 4KDa,5 6KDa和 5 2KDa ,借助于制备型SDS PAGE电泳和电洗脱分离纯化技术 ,获得了三种高纯度的卵壳蛋白。