Refined genome-wide comparative map of the domestic horse, donkey and human based on cross-species chromosome painting: insight into the occasional fertility of mules

We have made a complete set of painting probes for the domestic horse by degenerate oligonucleotide-primed PCR amplification of flow-sorted horse chromosomes. The horse probes, together with a full set of those available for human, were hybridized onto metaphase chromosomes of human, horse and mule. Based on the hybridization results, we have generated genome-wide comparative chromosome maps involving the domestic horse, donkey and human. These maps define the overall distribution and boundaries of evolutionarily conserved chromosomal segments in the three genomes. Our results shed further light on the karyotypic relationships among these species and, in particular, the chromosomal rearrangements that underlie hybrid sterility and the occasional fertility of mules.

云南普通马矮型马蛋白多态性及其品种分化关系

运用蛋白电泳技术, 对云南普通马和矮型马群体的遗传多样性及其群众间遗传分化关系作了分析研究。44个遗传座位中有10个座位检测到多态性, 通过多态百分比、平均杂合度、平均等位基因的计算表明, 云南普通马和矮型马的遗传多样性较为丰富, 小区域内的群体存在着多样的遗传基因, 两种马在遗传上有一定差异。根据分子钟假说和相应的公式, 推算两者的分岐时间约为18.5万年。图1表2参12(金显谟)

云南姬鼠的蛋白多态性及其遗传分化关系

采用蛋白电泳技术对云南的3种姬鼠的蛋白多态性进行了分析, 共检测遗传座位27个, 发现21个座位存在多态性。根据蛋白多态性的数据对研究对象进行了遗传分化关系的探讨, 并得到了一棵无根系统树。

Comparative map between the domestic pig and dog

Cross-species chromosome painting with probes derived from flow-sorted dog and human chromosomes was used to construct a high-resolution comparative map for the pig. In total 98 conserved autosomal segments between pig and dog were detected by probes specific for the 38 autosomes and X Chromosome of the dog. Further integration of our results with the published human-dog and cat-dog comparative maps, and with data from comparative gene mapping, increases the resolution of the current pig-human comparative map. It allows for the conserved syntenies detected in the pig, human, and cat to be aligned against the putative ancestral karyotype of eutherian mammals and for the history of karyotype evolution of the pig lineage to be reconstructed. Fifteen fusions, 17 fissions, and 23 inversions are required to convert the ancestral mammalian karyotype into the extant karyotype of the pig.