Fertile-free fuels in pressurized water reactors: Design challenges and solutions

This paper investigates the basic feasibility of using reactor-grade Pu in fertile-free fuel (FFF) matrix in pressurized water reactors (PWRs). Several important issues were investigated in this work: the Pu loading required to achieve a specific interrefueling interval, the impact of inert matrix composition on reactivity constrained length of cycle, and the potential of utilizing burnable poisons (BPs) to alleviate degradation of the reactivity control mechanism and temperature coefficients. Although the subject was addressed in the past, no systematic approach for assessment of BP utilization in FFF cores was published. In this work, we examine all commercially available BP materials in all geometrical arrangements currently used by the nuclear industry with regards to their potential to alleviate the problems associated with the use of FFF in PWRs. The recently proposed MgO-ZrO2 solid-state solution fuel matrix, which appears to be very promising in terms of thermal properties and radiation damage resistance, was used as a reference matrix material in this work. The neutronic impact of the relative amounts of MgO and ZrO2 in the matrix were also studied. The analysis was performed with a neutron transport and fuel assembly burnup code BOXER. A modified linear reactivity model was applied to the two-dimensional single fuel assembly results to approximate the full core characteristics. Based on the results of the performed analyses, the Pu-loaded FFF core demonstrated potential feasibility to be used in existing PWRs. Major FFF core design problems may be significantly mitigated through the correct choice of BP design. It was found that a combination of BP materials and geometries may be required to meet all FFF design goals. The use of enriched (in most effective isotope) BPs, such as 167Er and 157Gd, may further improve the BP effectiveness and reduce the fuel cycle length penalty associated with their use.

长江中游鲢鱼天然种群的生化遗传结构及变异

采用淀粉或聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳方法分析长江中游鲢鱼天然种群11种同工酶约31个基因座位的遗传变异性。在可用于种群遗传结构分析的27个座位中，有4个座位（Ldh－C，idhp－A，Est－1－2）具有多态性。该种群的多态座位比例为14．8％，平均杂合度为0．0451。比较结果表明，鲢鱼天然种群的多态座位比例与人工繁殖种群相似。我们认为，鱼类人工繁殖种群遗传变异性的降低在很大程度上取决于人工繁殖过程中的某些不合理因素，人为地避免或限制这些因素将有利于保持鱼类人工繁殖种群的遗传变异性。

陆水及铁柱港水库的浮游植物

<正> 陆水系长江南岸支流之一,发源于湘、鄂、赣三省交界的幕阜山北部,流经湖北省通城、崇阳、蒲圻及嘉鱼等四县,由汉口上游157公里处的陆溪口注入长江,全长183公里。 为了探讨将来蒲圻水库中有关水生生物学及渔业生产的一些问题,我们于1961年及1962年曾组织调查队去该河中游未来水库淹没区——蒲圻至崇阳河段,以及该河上游支