Troponine : les faux positifs

Introduction: La troponine est un marqueur biologique bien reconnupour sa cardiospécificité et la détection précoce de la nécrosemyocardique. Le dosage de la troponine fait partie de la stratificationdu syndrome coronarien aigu (SCA) et est fréquemment utilisé dans lebilan initial lors de douleurs thoraciques. Cependant, d'autrespathologies sont également associées à une élévation de la troponine.Le but de ce travail est de décrire les diagnostics retenus chez despatients admis aux urgences avec une douleur thoracique et uneélévation de la troponine.Méthode: Durant une période de 18 mois (de novembre 2008 à mai2010), 1242 patients admis aux urgences avec une douleur thoraciqueont eu un dosage de la troponine positive (>= 0,1 microg/l). Undiagnostic de SCA a été posé chez 709 patients (57%). Chez les533 autres patients (43%) un autre diagnostic a été retenu.Résultats: Les 533 patients (295 hommes, âge moyen 71 ± 19 anset 238 femmes, 77 ±16 ans) présentaient une valeur de troponinemoyenne (TM) à 1,12 ± 4 microg/l. Parmi ce collectif, 192 patients(36%) avaient un diagnostic d'insuffisance cardiaque (TM 1,18microg/l), 118 patients (22%) un diagnostic autre (anémie, AVC, chutesans traumatisme) (TM 1,65 microg/l), 46 patients (8%) présentaientune pneumonie (TM 0,95 microg /l), 45 patients (8%) une arythmiecardiaque sans signes de décompensation cardiaque (TM 0,42 microg/l), 35 patients (6,5%) un traumatisme (TM 0,52 microg /l), 25 patients(4,7%) une insuffisance rénale sévère (TM 0,74 microg /l), 23 patients(4%) une insuffisance respiratoire (BPCO, fibrose pulmonaire, autrespneumopathies) (TM 1,63 microg /l), 23 patients (4,3%) un contexteinfectieux (choc septique, bactériémie) (TM 0,96 microg /l), 18 patients(3%) une embolie pulmonaire (TM 0,30 microg /l) et 8 patients (1,5%)un Takotsubo ou angor de prinzmétal (TM 1,73 microg /l).A signaler que la TM pour les 709 patients présentant un diagnostic deSCA était de 3,61 microg /l.Conclusion: Ce travail montre que près de 50% des patients arrivantaux urgences avec une douleur thoracique et une troponine positive ontun diagnostic autre qu'un SCA.

PPARβ/δ attenuates palmitate-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress and induces autophagic markers in human cardiac cells.

BACKGROUND: Chronic endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress contributes to the apoptotic cell death in the myocardium, thereby playing a critical role in the development of cardiomyopathy. ER stress has been reported to be induced after high-fat diet feeding in mice and also after saturated fatty acid treatment in vitro. Therefore, since several studies have shown that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)β/δ inhibits ER stress, the main goal of this study consisted in investigating whether activation of this nuclear receptor was able to prevent lipid-induced ER stress in cardiac cells. METHODS AND RESULTS: Wild-type and transgenic mice with reduced PPARβ/δ expression were fed a standard diet or a high-fat diet for two months. For in vitro studies, a cardiomyocyte cell line of human origin, AC16, was treated with palmitate and the PPARβ/δ agonist GW501516. Our results demonstrate that palmitate induced ER stress in AC16 cells, a fact which was prevented after PPARβ/δ activation with GW501516. Interestingly, the effect of GW501516 on ER stress occurred in an AMPK-independent manner. The most striking result of this study is that GW501516 treatment also upregulated the protein levels of beclin 1 and LC3II, two well-known markers of autophagy. In accordance with this, feeding on a high-fat diet or suppression of PPARβ/δ in knockout mice induced ER stress in the heart. Moreover, PPARβ/δ knockout mice also displayed a reduction in autophagic markers. CONCLUSION: Our data indicate that PPARβ/δ activation might be useful to prevent the harmful effects of ER stress induced by saturated fatty acids in the heart by inducing autophagy.

Increased salt sensitivity of ambulatory blood pressure in women with a history of severe preeclampsia.

Cardiovascular diseases are the principal cause of death in women in developed countries and are importantly promoted by hypertension. The salt sensitivity of blood pressure (BP) is considered as an important cardiovascular risk factor at any BP level. Preeclampsia is a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy that arises as a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. This study measured the salt sensitivity of BP in women with a severe preeclampsia compared with women with no pregnancy hypertensive complications. Forty premenopausal women were recruited 10 years after delivery in a case-control study. Salt sensitivity was defined as an increase of >4 mm Hg in 24-hour ambulatory BP on a high-sodium diet. The ambulatory BP response to salt was significantly increased in women with a history of preeclampsia compared with that of controls. The mean (95% confidence interval) daytime systolic/diastolic BP increased significantly from 115 (109-118)/79 (76-82) mm Hg on low-salt diet to 123 (116-130)/80 (76-84) on a high-salt diet in women with preeclampsia, but not in the control group (from 111 [104-119]/77 [72-82] to 111 [106-116]/75 [72-79], respectively, P<0.05). The sodium sensitivity index (SSI=Δmean arterial pressure/Δurinary Na excretion×1000) was 51.2 (19.1-66.2) in women with preeclampsia and 6.6 (5.8-18.1) mm Hg/mol per day in controls (P=0.015). The nocturnal dip was blunted on a high-salt diet in women with preeclampsia. Our study shows that women who have developed preeclampsia are salt sensitive before their menopause, a finding that may contribute to their increased cardiovascular risk. Women with a history of severe preeclampsia should be targeted at an early stage for preventive measures of cardiovascular diseases.