Downregulation of TIM-3 mRNA expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus

The T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain (TIM) family is associated with autoimmune diseases, but its expression level in the immune cells of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients is not known. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the expression of TIM-3 mRNA is associated with pathogenesis of SLE. Quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis (qRT-PCR) was used to determine TIM-1, TIM-3, and TIM-4 mRNA expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 132 patients with SLE and 62 healthy controls. The PBMC surface protein expression of TIMs in PBMCs from 20 SLE patients and 15 healthy controls was assayed by flow cytometry. Only TIM-3 mRNA expression decreased significantly in SLE patients compared with healthy controls (P<0.001). No significant differences in TIM family protein expression were observed in leukocytes from SLE patients and healthy controls (P>0.05). SLE patients with lupus nephritis (LN) had a significantly lower expression of TIM-3 mRNA than those without LN (P=0.001). There was no significant difference in the expression of TIM-3 mRNA within different classes of LN (P>0.05). Correlation of TIM-3 mRNA expression with serum IgA was highly significant (r=0.425, P=0.004), but was weakly correlated with total serum protein (rs=0.283, P=0.049) and serum albumin (rs=0.297, P=0.047). TIM-3 mRNA expression was weakly correlated with the Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI; rs=-0.272, P=0.032). Our results suggest that below-normal expression of TIM-3 mRNA in PBMC may be involved in the pathogenesis of SLE.

Correlations between forced oscillation technique parameters and pulmonary densitovolumetry values in patients with acromegaly

The aims of this study were to evaluate the forced oscillation technique (FOT) and pulmonary densitovolumetry in acromegalic patients and to examine the correlations between these findings. In this cross-sectional study, 29 non-smoking acromegalic patients and 17 paired controls were subjected to the FOT and quantification of lung volume using multidetector computed tomography (Q-MDCT). Compared with the controls, the acromegalic patients had a higher value for resonance frequency [15.3 (10.9-19.7) vs 11.4 (9.05-17.6) Hz, P=0.023] and a lower value for mean reactance [0.32 (0.21-0.64) vs 0.49 (0.34-0.96) cm H2O/L/s2, P=0.005]. In inspiratory Q-MDCT, the acromegalic patients had higher percentages of total lung volume (TLV) for nonaerated and poorly aerated areas [0.42% (0.30-0.51%) vs 0.25% (0.20-0.32%), P=0.039 and 3.25% (2.48-3.46%) vs 1.70% (1.45-2.15%), P=0.001, respectively]. Furthermore, the acromegalic patients had higher values for total lung mass in both inspiratory and expiratory Q-MDCT [821 (635-923) vs 696 (599-769) g, P=0.021 and 844 (650-945) vs 637 (536-736) g, P=0.009, respectively]. In inspiratory Q-MDCT, TLV showed significant correlations with all FOT parameters. The TLV of hyperaerated areas showed significant correlations with intercept resistance (rs=−0.602, P<0.001) and mean resistance (rs=−0.580, P<0.001). These data showed that acromegalic patients have increased amounts of lung tissue as well as nonaerated and poorly aerated areas. Functionally, there was a loss of homogeneity of the respiratory system. Moreover, there were correlations between the structural and functional findings of the respiratory system, consistent with the pathophysiology of the disease.

Hyaluronidases and hyaluronan synthases expression is inversely correlated with malignancy in lung/bronchial pre-neoplastic and neoplastic lesions, affecting prognosis

We collected a series of 136 lung/bronchial and 56 matched lung parenchyma tissue samples from patients who underwent lung/bronchial biopsies and presented invasive carcinoma after lung surgery. The lung/bronchial samples included basal cell hyperplasia, squamous metaplasia, moderate dysplasia, adenomatous hyperplasia, severe dysplasia, squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma. Matched lung parenchyma tissue samples included 25 squamous cell carcinomas and 31 adenocarcinomas. Immunohistochemistry was performed to analyze for the distribution of hyaluronidase (Hyal)-1 and −3, and hyaluronan synthases (HAS)-1, −2, and −3. Hyal-1 showed significantly higher expression in basal cell hyperplasia than in moderate dysplasia (P=0.01), atypical adenomatous hyperplasia (P=0.0001), or severe dysplasia (P=0.03). Lower expression of Hyal-3 was found in atypical adenomatous hyperplasia than in basal cell hyperplasia (P=0.01) or moderate dysplasia (P=0.02). HAS-2 was significantly higher in severe dysplasia (P=0.002) and in squamous metaplasia (P=0.04) compared with basal cell hyperplasia. HAS-3 was significantly expressed in basal cell hyperplasia compared with atypical adenomatous hyperplasia (P=0.05) and severe dysplasia (P=0.02). Lower expression of HAS-3 was found in severe dysplasia compared with squamous metaplasia (P=0.01) and moderate dysplasia (P=0.01). Epithelial Hyal-1 and −3 and HAS-1, −2, and −3 expressions were significantly higher in pre-neoplastic lesions than in neoplastic lesions. Comparative Cox multivariate analysis controlled by N stage and histologic tumor type showed that patients with high HAS-3 expression in pre-neoplastic cells obtained by lung/bronchial biopsy presented a significantly higher risk of death (HR=1.19; P=0.04). We concluded that localization of Hyal and HAS in lung/bronchial pre-neoplastic and neoplastic lesions was inversely related to malignancy, which implied that visualizing these factors could be a useful diagnostic procedure for suspected lung cancer. Finalizing this conclusion will require a wider study in a randomized and prospective trial.

Influencia de habitos alimentarios sobre las concentraciones de pesticidas organoclorados en tejido adiposo

Fueron evaluados los niveles de residuos de pesticidas organoclorados (p,p'-DDE, HCB, gamma-HCH, aldrín) presentes en 123 muestras de tejido adiposo mamario obtenidas de mujeres residentes en Córdoba (España). Además, se investigó la influencia de hábitos alimentarios y edad de las donantes sobre los niveles de organoclorados encontrados en el tejido. El p,p'-DDE fue el compuesto encontrado en concentraciones más altas (1,848myg/g), seguido de HCB (0,235mg/g), aldrín (0,005myg/g) y gamma-HCH (0,003myg/g). Las donantes mayores presentaron niveles de p,p'-DDE, aldrín y HCB superiores que las más jóvenes. Sin embargo, la edad no influyó en los niveles de gamma-HCH. La mayoría de las donantes (40,65%) indicaron las frutas como el alimento más consumido, seguido de la alimentación variada (34,15%), los legumbres (6,50%), los guisos y potajes (6,50%), las verduras (4,88%), la leche (3,25%), el pescado (2,44%) y la carne (1,63%). Una correlación no significativa fue observada entre los niveles de organoclorados en el tejido adiposo y los hábitos alimentarios de las donantes.

Isótopos estáveis e produção de bebidas: de onde vem o carbono que consumimos?

A composição isotópica do carbono (delta13C) foi utilizada na determinação da origem botânica (C3 x C4) de amostras de café, vinho, cerveja e vodka, de diferentes marcas e procedências, comercializadas no Brasil. Dentre as marcas de café analisadas, apenas uma apresentou um elevado percentual de plantas C4 em sua composição, evidenciado pelo valor de delta13C (-16,2‰). Os valores de delta13C das amostras de vinhos brasileiros, variaram entre -25,1 e -17,1‰, indicando a presença de carbono de origem C4 nas amostras que tiveram os maiores valores de delta13C. Duas marcas de vinhos importados, por sua vez, apresentaram delta13C característico de planta C3 (-27,1 e -26,3‰). Os valores de delta13C das vodkas importadas variaram entre -26,4 e -23,9‰, e as brasileiras entre -12,8 e -11,8‰, excetuando-se uma marca que apresentou valor -23,1‰. As marcas de cervejas importadas, em sua maioria, apresentaram valores mais negativos (-27,3 a -20,7‰) que as nacionais (-25,9 a -18,4‰). Estes resultados evidenciam a eficiência desta metodologia na determinação da origem do C e percentual de mistura destas bebidas.

Influência do CaCl2 sobre a qualidade pós-colheita do abacaxi cv. Pérola

Objetivou-se avaliar a influência do cloreto de cálcio (CaCl2) sobre a qualidade pós-colheita de abacaxis cv. Pérola, armazenados sob condições simuladas de transporte marítimo (21 dias a 12±1ºC) e comercialização (8 dias a temperatura ambiente, 21 ± 1ºC). O experimento foi conduzido utilizando-se parcelas constituídas de 6 frutos, obedecendo um delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado e constituindo um fatorial 4 x 6, com 3 repetições, tendo-se quatro níveis de cloreto de cálcio (0, 1, 2 e 3%) e seis épocas de análise (0, 21, 23, 25, 27 e 29 dias de armazenamento). Observou-se que a imersão em solução de cloreto de cálcio a 3% promoveu diminuição no índice de escurecimento interno, na área afetada e na intensidade do escurecimento interno, além de determinar uma maior perda de massa e diminuição aparente na solubilização de substâncias pécticas. O cloreto de cálcio, independente do nível, foi efetivo na manutenção da firmeza, embora não tenha afetado significativamente as variáveis pH, acidez titulável, açúcares solúveis totais e pectina total.

Uso da acidez titulável no controle de qualidade do leite humano ordenhado

O perfil físico-químico do leite humano ordenhado cru (LHOc) com acidez titulável acima de 7ºD após 15 dias de congelamento, teores de creme, gordura total e valor energético, foram avaliados. Na etapa controle, os valores absolutos de creme, gordura total e valor energético (n=3887) foram determinados pelo método do crematócrito e a acidez titulável (n=4204) do LHOc por um método titulimétrico adaptado de leite de vaca. Na etapa teste, determinou-se o teor de creme, gordura total e valor energético de amostras (n=66) com acidez acima de 7ºD armazenadas entre -10º e -18ºC por 15 dias. A acidez titulável variou de 0,5 a 21ºD (3,52 ± 2,45ºD) e os teores de creme, gordura total e valor energético foram, respectivamente, 4,90 ± 0,25 %, 4,49 ± 0,26 % e 617,47 ± 17,37 Kcal/Litro. Houve redução significante nos teores de creme (6,45 ± 2,28% para 5,79 ± 2,57%), gordura total (4,0 ± 1,81% para 3,49 ± 1,76%) e valor energético (716,27 ± 176,59 Kcal/Litro para 666,82 ± 171,90 Kcal/Litro), com p<0,05. O uso do teste da acidez titulável constitui uma ferramenta importante no controle de qualidade do LHOc.