The consensus sequence of FAMLF alternative splice variants is overexpressed in undifferentiated hematopoietic cells

The familial acute myeloid leukemia related factor gene (FAMLF) was previously identified from a familial AML subtractive cDNA library and shown to undergo alternative splicing. This study used real-time quantitative PCR to investigate the expression of the FAMLF alternative-splicing transcript consensus sequence (FAMLF-CS) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 119 patients with de novo acute leukemia (AL) and 104 healthy controls, as well as in CD34+cells from 12 AL patients and 10 healthy donors. A 429-bp fragment from a novel splicing variant of FAMLF was obtained, and a 363-bp consensus sequence was targeted to quantify total FAMLF expression. Kruskal-Wallis, Nemenyi, Spearman's correlation, and Mann-Whitney U-tests were used to analyze the data. FAMLF-CS expression in PBMCs from AL patients and CD34+ cells from AL patients and controls was significantly higher than in control PBMCs (P<0.0001). Moreover,FAMLF-CS expression in PBMCs from the AML group was positively correlated with red blood cell count (rs=0.317, P=0.006), hemoglobin levels (rs=0.210, P=0.049), and percentage of peripheral blood blasts (rs=0.256, P=0.027), but inversely correlated with hemoglobin levels in the control group (rs=–0.391, P<0.0001). AML patients with high CD34+ expression showed significantly higherFAMLF-CS expression than those with low CD34+ expression (P=0.041). Our results showed thatFAMLF is highly expressed in both normal and malignant immature hematopoietic cells, but that expression is lower in normal mature PBMCs.

Acute but not chronic metabolic acidosis potentiates the acetylcholine-induced reduction in blood pressure: an endothelium-dependent effect

Metabolic acidosis has profound effects on vascular tone. This study investigated the in vivo effects of acute metabolic acidosis (AMA) and chronic metabolic acidosis (CMA) on hemodynamic parameters and endothelial function. CMA was induced by ad libitum intake of 1% NH4Cl for 7 days, and AMA was induced by a 3-h infusion of 6 M NH4Cl (1 mL/kg, diluted 1:10). Phenylephrine (Phe) and acetylcholine (Ach) dose-response curves were performed by venous infusion with simultaneous venous and arterial blood pressure monitoring. Plasma nitrite/nitrate (NOx) was measured by chemiluminescence. The CMA group had a blood pH of 7.15±0.03, which was associated with reduced bicarbonate (13.8±0.98 mmol/L) and no change in the partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide (PaCO2). The AMA group had a pH of 7.20±0.01, which was associated with decreases in bicarbonate (10.8±0.54 mmol/L) and PaCO2 (47.8±2.54 to 23.2±0.74 mmHg) and accompanied by hyperventilation. Phe or ACh infusion did not affect arterial or venous blood pressure in the CMA group. However, the ACh infusion decreased the arterial blood pressure (ΔBP: -28.0±2.35 mm Hg [AMA] to -4.5±2.89 mmHg [control]) in the AMA group. Plasma NOx was normal after CMA but increased after AMA (25.3±0.88 to 31.3±0.54 μM). These results indicate that AMA, but not CMA, potentiated the Ach-induced decrease in blood pressure and led to an increase in plasma NOx, reinforcing the effect of pH imbalance on vascular tone and blood pressure control.

Morphometric analysis of feedforward pathways from the primary somatosensory area (S1) of rats

We used biotinylated dextran amine (BDA) to anterogradely label individual axons projecting from primary somatosensory cortex (S1) to four different cortical areas in rats. A major goal was to determine whether axon terminals in these target areas shared morphometric similarities based on the shape of individual terminal arbors and the density of two bouton types: en passant (Bp) and terminaux (Bt). Evidence from tridimensional reconstructions of isolated axon terminal fragments (n=111) did support a degree of morphological heterogeneity establishing two broad groups of axon terminals. Morphological parameters associated with the complexity of terminal arbors and the proportion of beaded Bp vs stalked Bt were found to differ significantly in these two groups following a discriminant function statistical analysis across axon fragments. Interestingly, both groups occurred in all four target areas, possibly consistent with a commonality of presynaptic processing of tactile information. These findings lay the ground for additional work aiming to investigate synaptic function at the single bouton level and see how this might be associated with emerging properties in postsynaptic targets.

Efecto del uso de diferentes aditivos de panificación en la calidad de panes elaborados con harinas compuestas a base de harina de trigo y germen desgrasado de maíz

Dado el alto consumo de productos alimenticios a base de trigo (HT) importado y la producción industrial de subproductos del procesamiento del maíz (HGDM), ricos en fibra dietética, proteínas y minerales, en Venezuela se ha estudado la factibilidad técnica de sustituir parcialmente HT por HGDM en la elaboración de productos horneados como galletas y panes. Por otra parte, considerando las restricciones existentes en el uso del bromato de potasio (BP) como aditivo de panificación y que el ácido ascórbico (AA) ha sido probado exitosamente como aditivo en panes a base de HT, en este estudio se utilizaron los aditivos (BP), (AA), gluten y mezclas de ellos, en la elaboración de panes donde la HT fue sustituida por HGDM a niveles de 10% y 15%. Se encontro que las mezclas de aditivos que originaron los menores pesos específicos fueron las que contenían gluten , seguidas por 75 ppm AA y 25 ppm BP. Se observo el efecto sinergístico de estos dos aditivos, tanto en los panes control como en los que contenían HGDM. Se puede concluir que la calidad panificable y el proceso de envejecimiento en los panes donde se sustituye la HT por HGDM, a niveles de 10%, sigue patrones similares al de los panes de 100% HT, por lo que se podría considerar viable dicha sustitución. A niveles de 15% de sustitución, la presencia de fibra origina algunos cambios en el patrón de comportamiento, por lo que se sugiere el uso de hemicelulasas en las mezclas.

Aplicação de redes neurais para avaliação do teor de carne mecanicamente separada em salsicha de frango

A carne mecanicamente separada (CMS) de frango é uma matéria-prima cárnea produzida através de equipamentos próprios do tipo desossadores mecânicos, utilizando partes de frango de baixo valor comercial como o dorso e o pescoço. Para determinação do teor de CMS utilizada na composição de produtos cárneos comerciais construímos uma rede neural artificial do tipo Backpropagation (BP). O objetivo deste trabalho foi treinar, testar e aplicar uma rede do tipo BP, com três camadas de neurônios, para previsão do teor de CMS a partir do teor de minerais de salsichas formuladas com diferentes teores de carne de frango mecanicamente separada. Utilizamos a composição mineral de 29 amostras de salsicha contendo diferentes teores de CMS e 22 amostras de produtos cárneos comerciais. A topologia da rede foi 5-5-1. O erro quadrático médio no conjunto de treinamento foi de 2,4% e na fase de teste foi de apenas 3,8%. No entanto, a aplicação da rede às amostras comerciais foi inadequada devido à diferença de ingredientes das salsichas usadas no treinamento e os ingredientes das amostras comerciais. A rede neural construída para determinação do teor de carne mecanicamente separada mostrou-se eficiente durante a fase de treinamento e teste da rede.

Detection of genetically modified organisms in soy products sold in Turkish market

PCR-based technique for GMO detection is the most reliable choice because of its high sensitivity and specificity. As a candidate of the European Union, Turkey must comply with the rules for launching into the market, traceability, and labeling of GMOs as established by EU legislation. Therefore, the objective of this study is to assess soybean products in the Turkish market to verify compliance with legislation using qualitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) assay to detect the presence of GM soybean and to quantify its amount of GM soybean in the samples tested positive using real-time PCR. DNA extracted by the modified CTAB method was properly used for PCR amplification of food materials. The amplification of a 118 bp DNA fragment of the lectin gene from soybean by PCR was successfully achieved in all samples. The GMO screening was based on the detection of 35S promoter and NOS terminator sequences. The GM positive samples were subjected to detection of Roundup ReadyTM soybean (RR) using quantitative real-time PCR. It was found that 100% of the tested food samples contained less than 0.1 per cent of EPSPS gene.