998 resultados para transtornos relacionados ao uso de álcool
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O uso abusivo dos benzodiazepínicos no tratamento de transtornos mentais tem resultado em eventos adversos, como tolerância, dependência e abstinência. Em análise situacional realizada com a equipe de saúde da família, por meio da estimativa rápida, observamos que um dos problemas de maior prioridade foi o elevado consumo de benzodiazepínicos, sobretudo em mulheres de 25 a 49 anos de idade. Este estudo teve como objetivo elaborar uma proposta de intervenção educativa para a prevenção e combate ao uso abusivo de benzodiazepínicos entre as mulheres adultas jovens, adscritas na ESF Esperança I, em Poços de Caldas, Minas Gerais, por meio da educação em saúde em grupos operativos de Pichon-Riviére. Esta proposta de intervenção constitui-se como o primeiro passo de um longo caminho que para ser trilhado. Necessita não apenas de uma equipe empenhada e disposta a alterar a realidade na qual se encontra, mas, sobretudo, de um poder publico interessado em contribuir neste processo integrando saberes e integralizando ações
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Em caráter de revisão de alguns trabalhos publicados no país, o uso indiscriminado de medicamentos psicotrópicos cresce em demasiado pela população, principalmente em pessoas portadoras de transtornos de ansiedade, ou as que enfrentam longas jornadas de trabalho e ficam mais expostas ao estresse, o que acarreta um problema de saúde pública. Os transtornos mentais são importantes causas de incapacitação, temporária ou permanente, acarretando em altos custos econômicos, por manter os pacientes afastados de suas atividades. A saúde mental dos pacientes deve ser abordada inicialmente na Unidade Básica de Saúde, pois é onde o profissional de saúde tem maior acessibilidade para diagnosticar e acompanhar a patologia do paciente. Este trabalho foi norteado pelo Planejamento Estratégico Situacional (PES), e propõe a criação de um plano de intervenção a ser aplicado pela Equipe de Saúde da Família, da UBASF Caldeirões, zona rural, no município de Girau do Ponciano, em Alagoas, com o objetivo de reduzir o uso indiscriminado de psicotrópicos na unidade básica de saúde, e iniciar o correto tratamento para os pacientes de saúde mental. Para a abordagem dos pacientes foi feito um cadastro dos que usam medicação psicoativa ou apresentam qualquer sinal de transtorno mental, para que sejam agendados atendimentos individuais e investigado mais a fundo cada caso, tomando suas devidas condutas. Ao estimular o conhecimento da população sobre suas patologias, esse projeto pretende contribuir com a melhoria na qualidade de vida e a correção do uso errôneo de medicação psicoativa pela população cadastrada na UBASF Caldeirões.
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O uso de psicofármacos sem o devido acompanhamento clínico onde habitualmente sua prescrição se baseia na renovação de receitas é frequente nas unidades básicas de saúde no Brasil. Em Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, esta realidade não é diferente. Este trabalho se propõe a elaborar um plano de ação com o objetivo de diminuir o uso abusivo de psicofármacos pela população da área de uma Unidade Básica de Saúde da Família no município de Uberlândia/MG. O Processo metodológico se desenvolveu por etapas, utilizando o Método Simplificado de Planejamento Estratégico Situacional - PES: Diagnóstico Situacional; Revisão de Literatura; Elaboração de um Plano de Ação. As ações propostas procuraram não apenas focar no controle e diminuição do uso de psicotrópicos, mas sim desenvolver uma linha de cuidado mais abrangente. Envolve conscientização de usuários sobre seus transtornos mentais e possíveis terapêuticas; capacitação de profissionais da saúde para a utilização de ferramentas de abordagem familiar junto a estas famílias; estimulo à corresponsabilidade na gestão do cuidado; propostas de terapêuticas não medicamentosas que possam contribuir não apenas para o transtorno mental como também para a melhoria da qualidade de vida de uma forma geral, com destaque para a introdução da meditação (atenção plena). Com a implantação deste plano de ação espera-se melhorar a abordagem dos pacientes com transtornos mentais, usuários ou não de psicotrópicos, além de promover melhoria em sua qualidade de vida
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A proposta deste trabalho é apresentar um projeto de intervenção educativa para adolescentes da área de abrangência pertencente à Estratégia de Saúde da Família (ESF) no Bairro Recanto Verde na cidade de Coronel Fabriciano, Minas Gerais. Divulgar conhecimentos, consequências e complicações do uso de drogas na adolescência. Para a busca de fundamentação teórica, utilizaram-se as palavras chaves: Atenção Primária à Saúde, Drogas ilícitas, Sistema Único de Saúde. A equipe de saúde participou da análise dos problemas levantados, juntamente com a população da área de abrangência, e considerou que necessita de intervenções sobre o uso de drogas principalmente para os adolescentes. A mostra escolhida é de 50 adolescentes entre 12 a 19 anos, pertencentes às diferentes microáreas, aos quais serão realizadas ações educativas sobre o uso de drogas ilícitas. A população alvo é adstrita à ESF que leva o nome de Tereza Leopoldina, a maioria com fatores ou condições socioeconômicas de classe média e baixa. O uso de drogas, inclusive álcool e tabaco, tem relação direta e indireta com uma série de agravos à saúde dos adolescentes e jovens. Com este trabalho espera-se melhorar o conhecimento da população adolescente sobre drogas e as consequências de seu consumo, bem como contribuir para mudanças no estilo de vida. Através deste projeto e a participação ativa da equipe e membros da comunidade envolvidos, pretende-se que os adolescentes adquiram conhecimentos sobre o tema e recebam a orientação adequada que contribua com a diminuição do consumo de tais substâncias. Espera-se ainda que os adolescentes participantes tornem-se multiplicadores dos conhecimentos adquiridos na comunidade. Por essas considerações justifica-se a realização deste estudo para propor ações que possam ser implantadas ou implementadas, a fim de melhorar o processo de trabalho das equipes de saúde da família quanto ao uso de drogas na adolescência
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The chronic treatment with phenytoin or the acute intoxication by this drug may cause permanent cerebellar injury with atrophy of cerebellum vermis and hemispheres, which can be detected by neuroimaging studies. The aim of the present study was to investigate the correlation between the dosage and duration of treatment with phenytoin and the occurrence of cerebellar atrophy. Sixty-six patients were studied and had their tomographies analyzed for cerebellar atrophy. Of the 66 patients studied, 18 had moderate/severe atrophy, 15 had mild atrophy and 33 were considered to be normal. The patients with moderate/severe atrophy were those with higher exposure to phenytoin (longer duration of treatment and higher total dosage) showing statistically significant difference when compared to patients with mild atrophy or without atrophy (p=0.02). Further, the patients with moderate/severe atrophy had serum levels of phenytoin statistically higher than those of patients with mild atrophy or without atrophy (p = 0.008). There was no association between other antiepileptic drugs dosage or duration of treatment and degree of cerebellar atrophy. We also found that older patients had cerebellar atrophy more frequently, indicating that age or duration of the seizure disorder may also be important in the determination of cerebellar degeneration in these patients. We conclude that although there is a possibility that repeated seizures contribute to cerebellar damage, long term exposure to phenytoin, particularly in high doses and toxic serum levels, cause cerebellar atrophy.
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We report on two epileptic patients who developed acute psychosis after the use of topiramate (TPM). One patient exhibited severe psychomotor agitation, heteroaggressiveness, auditory and visual hallucinations as well as severe paranoid and mystic delusions. The other patient had psychomotor agitation, depersonalization, derealization, severe anxiety and deluded that he was losing his memory. Both patients had to be taken to the casualty room. After interruption of TPM in one patient and reduction of dose in the other, a full remission of the psychotic symptoms was obtained without the need of antipsychotic drugs. Clinicians should be aware of the possibility of development of acute psychotic symptoms in patients undergoing TPM treatment.
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The behaviour of Nafion® polymeric membranes containing acid-base dyes, bromothymol blue (BB) and methyl violet (MV), were studied aiming at constructing an optical sensor for pH measurement. BB revealed to be inadequate for developing sensing phases due to the electrostatic repulsion between negative groups of their molecules and the negative charge of the sulfonate group of the Nafion®, which causes leaching of the dye from the membrane. On the other hand, MV showed to be suitable due to the presence of positive groups in its structure. The membrane prepared from a methanolic solution whose Nafion®/dye molar ratio was 20 presented the best analytical properties, changing its color from green to violet in the pH range from 0.6 to 3.0. The membrane can be prepared with good reproducibility, presenting durability of ca. 6 months and response time of 22 s, making possible its use for pH determination in flow analysis systems.
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This paper presents an easy and practical procedure to obtain silica-based C-8 type sorbents for use in solid-phase extraction. The materials are prepared by depositing poly(methyloctylsiloxane), PMOS, on the silica support. Two different treatments for immobilization were used: thermal treatment or gamma irradiation. Suitable recoveries were obtained after pre-concentration of dilute solutions, at the ng/L level, of a mixture of pesticides, indicating the good performance of the materials.
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High-temperature liquid chromatography (HTLC) is a technique that presents a series of advantages in liquid phase separations, such as: reduced analysis time, reduced pressure drop, reduced asymmetry factors, modified retentions, controlled selectivities, better efficiencies and improved detectivities, as well as permitting green chromatography. The practical limitations that relate to instrumentation and to stationary phase instability are being resolved and this technique is now ready to be applied for routine determinations.
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In this work, the volatile chromatographic profiles of roasted Arabica coffees, previously analyzed for their sensorial attributes, were explored by principal component analysis. The volatile extraction technique used was the solid phase microextraction. The correlation optimized warping algorithm was used to align the gas chromatographic profiles. Fifty four compounds were found to be related to the sensorial attributes investigated. The volatiles pyrrole, 1-methyl-pyrrole, cyclopentanone, dihydro-2-methyl-3-furanone, furfural, 2-ethyl-5-methyl-pyrazine, 2-etenyl-n-methyl-pyrazine, 5-methyl-2-propionyl-furan compounds were important for the differentiation of coffee beverage according to the flavour, cleanliness and overall quality. Two figures of merit, sensitivity and specificity (or selectivity), were used to interpret the sensory attributes studied.
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The gravimetric and electrochemical tests are the most common techniques used in determining the corrosion rate. However, the use of electrochemical polarization is limited to electrolytes with sufficient conductivity for which Tafel curves are linear. In this study, we investigated a technique in which working microelectrodes of AISI 1020 steel were used to obtain the Tafel curves in diesel oil. The strategy was to reduce the electrode area and hence the ohmic drop. The diameter of the microelectrode was reduced to a value where the compensation of the Tafel curves became unnecessary. The results showed that for electrodes with diameters below 50 μm, the ohmic drop tends to a minimum and independent of the microelectrode diameter.
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Nowadays the consumer market demands a gradually increase in the products' quality control. The manual control that exits, used in animal production, shows ineficiency in warrating an increasing percentual of the desirable quality, so this can only be reached when an effective animal tracebility system is applied, from birth to slaughter. Individual electronic identification presents high importance in this focus, providing information recorded directly from the animal. Electronic traceability uses electronic devices that emit a signal activated by a fixed reader placed where it is needed to record a certain event, or uses a manual reader which allows a higher independence of the operator. Knowing the importance of the electronic identification as a tool for applying traceability in animal production, this research had as objective to evaluate the use of transponders in order to garantee the manual reading as well as the fixed antenna reading. The following implant places were analized in piglet, just after their birth: 1) forehead, 2) external ear lobule, 3) the posterior auricular base, and 4) a transponder inserted in a earing implanted in the ear lobule. The factors of skin damage and migration were analized, as well as the reading efficiency. It was found that the best implant place was the posterior ear base.
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Animal welfare has been an important research topic in animal production mainly in its ways of assessment. Vocalization is found to be an interesting tool for evaluating welfare as it provides data in a non-invasive way as well as it allows easy automation of process. The present research had as objective the implementation of an algorithm based on artificial neural network that had the potential of identifying vocalization related to welfare pattern indicatives. The research was done in two parts, the first was the development of the algorithm, and the second its validation with data from the field. Previous records allowed the development of the algorithm from behaviors observed in sows housed in farrowing cages. Matlab® software was used for implementing the network. It was selected a retropropagation gradient algorithm for training the network with the following stop criteria: maximum of 5,000 interactions or error quadratic addition smaller than 0.1. Validation was done with sows and piglets housed in commercial farm. Among the usual behaviors the ones that deserved enhancement were: the feed dispute at farrowing and the eventual risk of involuntary aggression between the piglets or between those and the sow. The algorithm was able to identify through the noise intensity the inherent risk situation of piglets welfare reduction.
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Mental health problems are common in primary health care, particularly anxiety and depression. This study aims to estimate the prevalence of common mental disorders and their associations with socio-demographic characteristics in primary care in Brazil (Family Health Strategy). It involved a multicenter cross-sectional study with patients from Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Fortaleza (Ceará State) and Porto Alegre (Rio Grande do Sul State), assessed using the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HAD). The rate of mental disorders in patients from Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Fortaleza and Porto Alegre were found to be, respectively, 51.9%, 53.3%, 64.3% and 57.7% with significant differences between Porto Alegre and Fortaleza compared to Rio de Janeiro after adjusting for confounders. Prevalence proportions of mental problems were especially common for females, the unemployed, those with less education and those with lower incomes. In the context of the Brazilian government's moves towards developing primary health care and reorganizing mental health policies it is relevant to consider common mental disorders as a priority alongside other chronic health conditions.
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