999 resultados para radial flow


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In this paper a precorrected FFT-Fast Multipole Tree (pFFT-FMT) method for solving the potential flow around arbitrary three dimensional bodies is presented. The method takes advantage of the efficiency of the pFFT and FMT algorithms to facilitate more demanding computations such as automatic wake generation and hands-off steady and unsteady aerodynamic simulations. The velocity potential on the body surfaces and in the domain is determined using a pFFT Boundary Element Method (BEM) approach based on the Green’s Theorem Boundary Integral Equation. The vorticity trailing all lifting surfaces in the domain is represented using a Fast Multipole Tree, time advected, vortex participle method. Some simple steady state flow solutions are performed to demonstrate the basic capabilities of the solver. Although this paper focuses primarily on steady state solutions, it should be noted that this approach is designed to be a robust and efficient unsteady potential flow simulation tool, useful for rapid computational prototyping.

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Electroosmotic flow is a convenient mechanism for transporting polar fluid in a microfluidic device. The flow is generated through the application of an external electric field that acts on the free charges that exists in a thin Debye layer at the channel walls. The charge on the wall is due to the chemistry of the solid-fluid interface, and it can vary along the channel, e.g. due to modification of the wall. This investigation focuses on the simulation of the electroosmotic flow (EOF) profile in a cylindrical microchannel with step change in zeta potential. The modified Navier-Stoke equation governing the velocity field and a non-linear two-dimensional Poisson-Boltzmann equation governing the electrical double-layer (EDL) field distribution are solved numerically using finite control-volume method. Continuities of flow rate and electric current are enforced resulting in a non-uniform electrical field and pressure gradient distribution along the channel. The resulting parabolic velocity distribution at the junction of the step change in zeta potential, which is more typical of a pressure-driven velocity flow profile, is obtained.

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We present an experimental study on the behavior of bubbles captured in a Taylor vortex. The gap between a rotating inner cylinder and a stationary outer cylinder is filled with a Newtonian mineral oil. Beyond a critical rotation speed (ω[subscript c]), Taylor vortices appear in this system. Small air bubbles are introduced into the gap through a needle connected to a syringe pump. These are then captured in the cores of the vortices (core bubble) and in the outflow regions along the inner cylinder (wall bubble). The flow field is measured with a two-dimensional particle imaging velocimetry (PIV) system. The motion of the bubbles is monitored by using a high speed video camera. It has been found that, if the core bubbles are all of the same size, a bubble ring forms at the center of the vortex such that bubbles are azimuthally uniformly distributed. There is a saturation number (N[subscript s]) of bubbles in the ring, such that the addition of one more bubble leads eventually to a coalescence and a subsequent complicated evolution. Ns increases with increasing rotation speed and decreasing bubble size. For bubbles of non-uniform size, small bubbles and large bubbles in nearly the same orbit can be observed to cross due to their different circulating speeds. The wall bubbles, however, do not become uniformly distributed, but instead form short bubble-chains which might eventually evolve into large bubbles. The motion of droplets and particles in a Taylor vortex was also investigated. As with bubbles, droplets and particles align into a ring structure at low rotation speeds, but the saturation number is much smaller. Moreover, at high rotation speeds, droplets and particles exhibit a characteristic periodic oscillation in the axial, radial and tangential directions due to their inertia. In addition, experiments with non-spherical particles show that they behave rather similarly. This study provides a better understanding of particulate behavior in vortex flow structures.

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The non-Newtonian flow of dilute aqueous polyethylene oxide (PEO) solutions through microfabricated planar abrupt contraction-expansions is investigated. The contraction geometries are fabricated from a high-resolution chrome mask and cross-linked PDMS gels using the tools of soft-lithography. The small length scales and high deformation rates in the contraction throat lead to significant extensional flow effects even with dilute polymer solutions having time constants on the order of milliseconds. The dimensionless extra pressure drop across the contraction increases by more than 200% and is accompanied by significant upstream vortex growth. Streak photography and videomicroscopy using epifluorescent particles shows that the flow ultimately becomes unstable and three-dimensional. The moderate Reynolds numbers (0.03 ≤ Re ≤ 44) associated with these high Deborah number (0 ≤ De ≤ 600) microfluidic flows results in the exploration of new regions of the Re-De parameter space in which the effects of both elasticity and inertia can be observed. Understanding such interactions will be increasingly important in microfluidic applications involving complex fluids and can best be interpreted in terms of the elasticity number, El = De/Re, which is independent of the flow kinematics and depends only on the fluid rheology and the characteristic size of the device.

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Exam questions and solutions for a third year maths course. Diagrams for the questions are all together in the support.zip file, as .eps files

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The paper introduces vulnerability and quantitative privacy. Optional reading

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Short set of slides explaining the workflow from a university website to equipment.data.ac.uk

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En el presente trabajo se pretendió demostrar la importancia que tiene el ciudadano como agente de veeduría y control de las instancias Estatales, y que a través de los medios se facilita la postulación de las demandas que han sido encubadas y maduradas en espacios de discusión y debate político en instancias locales y regionales. Para esto se escogió el caso de la Rebelión de los Forajidos que tuvo lugar en Quito, Ecuador.

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El trauma de codo y la fractura de cúpula radial resultan ser un motivo de consulta frecuente en nuestro medio. Es común en nuestro medio que a pesar de tener radiografías de codo en las que se evidencia fractura de cúpula radial se solicite un TAC de codo. Consideramos que el TAC es una herramienta útil en algunos casos de fracturas de la cúpula radial, es decir, no se debe tomar de forma rutinaria el TAC de codo en los pacientes con fracturas de cúpula radial como es usual en nuestro medio. Existen pocos estudios que comparan la concordancia inter observador de las clasificaciones utilizadas para las fracturas de cúpula radial, pero, no existe en la literatura mundial un estudio que evalué las diferencias entre la clasificación de la fractura en base a radiografías y tomografía entre un grupo ortopedistas traumatólogos y sub-especialistas de miembro superior. La realización de este estudio permite elaborar guías de manejo de pacientes con fractura de cúpula radial en la que se racionalizara el uso del TAC de codo.

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Most speciation events probably occur gradually, without complete and immediate reproductive isolation, but the full extent of gene flow between diverging species has rarely been characterized on a genome-wide scale. Documenting the extent and timing of admixture between diverging species can clarify the role of geographic isolation in speciation. Here we use new methodology to quantify admixture at different stages of divergence in Heliconius butterflies, based on whole-genome sequences of 31 individuals. Comparisons between sympatric and allopatric populations of H. melpomene, H. cydno, and H. timareta revealed a genome-wide trend of increased shared variation in sympatry, indicative of pervasive interspecific gene flow. Up to 40% of 100-kb genomic windows clustered by geography rather than by species, demonstrating that a very substantial fraction of the genome has been shared between sympatric species. Analyses of genetic variation shared over different time intervals suggested that admixture between these species has continued since early in speciation. Alleles shared between species during recent time intervals displayed higher levels of linkage disequilibrium than those shared over longer time intervals, suggesting that this admixture took place at multiple points during divergence and is probably ongoing. The signal of admixture was significantly reduced around loci controlling divergent wing patterns, as well as throughout the Z chromosome, consistent with strong selection for Müllerian mimicry and with known Z-linked hybrid incompatibility. Overall these results show that species divergence can occur in the face of persistent and genome-wide admixture over long periods of time.

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Las fracturas de la cúpula radial corresponden a un tercio de todas las fracturas del codo en adultos (1), por lo que se toman radiografías o tomografías, sin embargo no existe literatura que soporte la realización de la tomografía como estudio complementario, por lo que preguntamos ¿La tomografía de codo cambia la conducta tomada previamente con radiografía en fracturas de cúpula radial? Se propone un estudio de concordancia, donde se evalúan las radiografías y tomografías por parte de dos cirujanos de codo, de pacientes con diagnóstico de fractura de cúpula radial valorados en urgencias de dos hospitales de tercer nivel de Bogotá desde enero 2011 a enero 2013. Se revisaron 116 historias, 99 cumplieron los criterios, las radiografías fueron revisadas por dos ortopedistas de codo quienes realizaron clasificación de Mason obteniendo un κ 1 (p˂ 0,00), propuesta de tratamiento postradiografía κ 0,934 (p˂ 0,000 IC95% 0.85, 1). Tratamiento post-tomografía de codo κ 0.949 (p˂ 0,00 IC95% 0.867,1). Concordancia intra-ortopedista de la conducta pre y post-tomografía hay cambio en la conducta del ortopedista 1 en 32.6% (κ 0.674 p˂ 0,00 IC95% 0.52, 0.818) y del ortopedista 2 en 36% (κ 0.64 p˂ 0,00 IC95% 0.452, 0.792). Se dividieron los pacientes en Mason I, II, III con concordancia considerable en los pacientes Mason I y III, mientras que en Mason II fue una concordancia aceptable lo que significa que el uso de tomografía de codo cambia la conducta en general pero sobretodo en pacientes clasificados Masson II.

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Analizar las relaciones existentes dentro del entorno marcado por la educación física entre cuatro factores claramente diferenciados: la motivación del alumno hacia las clases, la que genera el profesor, los comportamientos disciplinados e indisciplinados, la percepción de la igualdad en el trato entre chicos y chicas y el flow disposicional mostrado en la mejor experiencia sentida por el alumno en sus clases. . Población de estudiantes de primer ciclo de ESO de la Comunidad Valenciana. Muestra compuesta por un total de 1103 alumnos pertenecientes al segundo curso de ESO de centros públicos y privados de la provincia de Alicante. Los instrumentos empleados para recoger la información son: Cuestionario de Percepción del Éxito (Cervelló, Escartí y Balagué, 1999); Instrumento de Medición del Clima Motivacional en las Clases de Educación Física (Cervelló, Moreno, Del Villar y Reina, 2006); Cuestionario de Conductas de Disciplina-Indisciplina en Educación Física (Cervelló, Jiménez, Nerea, Ramos, Del Villar y Santos-Rosa, 2002); Cuestionario de Percepción de Igualdad-Discriminación en Educación Física (Cervelló, Jiménez, Del Villar, Ramos y Santos-Rosa, 2004); Escala de Flow Dispocicional (Jackson, 2000. Traducida por Cervelló, Nerea, Jiménez, García-Calvo y santos-Rosa, 2001). Se utilizó el análisis factorial de componentes principales con rotación varimax para todos los cuestionarios con el fin de determinar su estructura. Se aplica el análisis de correlación para descubrir las relaciones entre variables del estudio. El análisis jerárquico de cluster para identificar los perfiles motivacionales de los alumnos que componen la muestra de estudio atendiendo a las variables de orientación disposicional, clima motivacional percibido, disciplina, coeducación y flow disposicional y el análisis de ecuaciones estructurales para testar los modelos teóricos de la investigación.. Es de vital importancia que el profesor de educación física cree un adecuado clima motivacional implicante en la tarea porque será así facilitador de un trato justo y ecuánime hacia todos sus alumnos, generador de un buen ambiente de clase debido al buen comportamiento de sus discentes ocasionado por la preocupación de éstos hacia el aprendizaje de la materia impartida y fomentador de un estado psicológico óptimo que le ayude a concentrar su atención sobre la actividad a realizar obteniendo como resultado una experiencia enriquecedora y satisfactoria..