Molecular epidemiology of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a burn unit from Brazil

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) poses a threat for patients in burn units. Studies that mix epidemiological designs with molecular typing may contribute to the development of strategies for MRSA control. We conducted a study including: molecular characterization of Staphylococcal Chromosome Cassette mecA (SCCmec), strain typing with pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and detection of virulence genes, altogether with a case-case-control study that assessed risk factors for MRSA and for methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA), using S. aureus negative patients as controls. Strains were collected from clinical and surveillance cultures from October 2006 through March 2009. MRSA was isolated from 96 patients. Most isolates (94.8%) harbored SCCmec type III. SCCmec type IV was identified in isolates from four patients. In only one case it could be epidemiologically characterized as community-associated. PFGE typing identified 36 coexisting MRSA clones. When compared to MSSA (38 isolates), MRSA isolates were more likely to harbor two virulence genes: tst and lukPV. Previous stay in other hospital and admission to Intensive Care Unit were independent risk factors for both MRSA and MSSA, while the number of burn wound excisions was significantly related with the former (OR = 6.80, 95%CI = 3.54-13.07). In conclusion, our study found polyclonal endemicity of MRSA in a burn unit, possibly related to importing of strains from other hospitals. Also, it pointed out to a role of surgical procedures in the dissemination of MRSA strains. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd and ISBI. All rights reserved.

Asymptomatic dogs are highly competent to transmit Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum chagasi to the natural vector

We evaluated the ability of dogs naturally infected with Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum chagasi to transfer the parasite to the vector and the factors associated with transmission. Thirty-eight infected dogs were confirmed to be infected by direct observation of Leishmania in lymph node smears. Dogs were grouped according to external clinical signs and laboratory data into symptomatic (n= 24) and asymptomatic (n= 14) animals. All dogs were sedated and submitted to xenodiagnosis with F1-laboratory-reared Lutzomyia longipalpis. After blood digestion, sand flies were dissected and examined for the presence of promastigotes. Following canine euthanasia, fragments of skin, lymph nodes, and spleen were collected and processed using immunohistochemistry to evaluate tissue parasitism. Specific antibodies were detected using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Antibody levels were found to be higher in symptomatic dogs compared to asymptomatic dogs (p= 0.0396). Both groups presented amastigotes in lymph nodes, while skin parasitism was observed in only 58.3% of symptomatic and in 35.7% of asymptomatic dogs. Parasites were visualized in the spleens of 66.7% and 71.4% of symptomatic and asymptomatic dogs, respectively. Parasite load varied from mild to intense, and was not significantly different between groups. All asymptomatic dogs except for one (93%) were competent to transmit Leishmania to the vector, including eight (61.5%) without skin parasitism. Sixteen symptomatic animals (67%) infected sand flies; six (37.5%) showed no amastigotes in the skin. Skin parasitism was not crucial for the ability to infect Lutzomyia longipalpis but the presence of Leishmania in lymph nodes was significantly related to a positive xenodiagnosis. Additionally, a higher proportion of infected vectors that fed on asymptomatic dogs was observed (p= 0.0494). Clinical severity was inversely correlated with the infection rate of sand flies (p= 0.027) and was directly correlated with antibody levels (p= 0.0379). Age and gender did not influence the transmissibility. Our data show that asymptomatic dogs are highly infective and competent for establishing sand fly infection, indicating their role in maintaining L. (L.) infantum chagasi cycle as well as their involvement in VL spreading in endemic areas. © 2013 Elsevier B.V.

Dança: difusão e discussão : um projeto social na cidade de São Paulo

Pós-graduação em Artes - IA

Efeito do exercício com pesos em diferentes intensidades e volumes na sensibilidade à dor em idosas hipertensas e normotensas

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Óleos essenciais: verificação da ação antimicrobiana in vitro, na água e sobre a microbiota da pele humana

Pós-graduação em Biologia Geral e Aplicada - IBB

Monitoramento da qualidade de hemocomponentes produzidos no Hemocecentro da FMB - UNESP

Pós-graduação em Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento (Biotecnologia Médica) - FMB

Linguiça cuiabana: histórico e aspectos tecnológicos de fabricação

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Estudo comparativo entre a atropina e a hioscina na reversão da bradicardia induzida pela detomidina em equinos

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Padronização de questionário para avaliação de conhecimento sobre avulsão e reimplante dentário, validado pela Teoria de Resposta ao Item (TRI)

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Campanha Fome Zero: a construção do sentido na mídia televisiva

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Avaliação da força de preensão palmar plena e pulpo-lateral: relação com a antropometria da mão e posições de trabalho

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Ensino médio em rede (EMR): reflexões de uma professora sobre a formação continuada de professores

Pós-graduação em Educação - IBRC

Necessidades formativas e estratégias de formação contínua de professores: observação e análise de um programa de formação de professores

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Efeito do dióxido de enxofre e do ácido lático na hidratação, rendimento e qualidade do germe de milho

Pós-graduação em Engenharia e Ciência de Alimentos - IBILCE

Análise combinatória no ensino médio apoiada na metodologia de ensino-aprendizagem-avaliação de matemática através da resolução de problemas

Pós-graduação em Educação Matemática - IGCE