Odontologia preventiva na primeira infância: uma alternativa para se evitar o medo e a ansiedade relacionados ao tratamento odontológico

Apesar do avanço científico e tecnológico, o medo e a ansiedade frente ao tratamento odontológico ainda representam uma barreira aos serviços de saúde bucal, constituindo um problema para a promoção desta, o que favorece a ineficácia dos resultados nesta área. O objetivo desse trabalho é buscar conhecimentos suficientes a respeito da Odontologia Preventiva na primeira infância para que a mesma seja aplicada no contexto da atenção primária de saúde como uma alternativa para se evitar ou, pelo menos, diminuir os tratamentos traumáticos e mais complexos e, consequentemente, eliminar o medo e a ansiedade relacionados ao tratamento odontológico. As informações foram obtidas através de revisão de literatura de artigos pertinentes ao assunto em questão nas seguintes bases de dados: Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVSMS), Coleção de Revistas e Artigos Científicos (SCIELO), Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS), Google Acadêmico, literatura nacional de periódicos e livros especializados. Foram utilizadas, para sua busca, as palavras chaves: "Odontologia Preventiva", "Medo" e "Ansiedade ao Tratamento Odontológico". Foram selecionados estudos nacionais e internacionais referentes ao tema do trabalho publicados entre 1988 e 2011 e 66 mereceram destaque devido a sua extrema importância em relação ao assunto escolhido. Após a análise dos referidos artigos pôde-se constatar que a ansiedade e o medo relacionados ao atendimento odontológico estão associados com uma história prévia de atendimento traumatizante, frequentemente ocorrida na infância. O temor ao tratamento odontológico gera um problema cíclico. Quando o tratamento preventivo não ocorre por motivo de medo, a patologia dentária assume proporções que exigem tratamentos curativos ou emergenciais. Esses tratamentos, geralmente, são invasivos e, portanto, desconfortáveis, consequentemente, o medo e a fuga ao tratamento odontológico se exacerbam, estabelecendo-se, assim, o ciclo. As manifestações de medo ou ansiedade na criança podem ser atenuadas por meio de procedimentos profiláticos que devem ser usados na rotina da consulta, visando a ampliar o seu campo perceptivo em relação ao tratamento odontológico. Concluiu-se que a promoção de saúde bucal na primeira infância através de uma boa comunicação e proximidade entre profissionais e usuários, bem como as consultas odontológicas de rotina e os procedimentos educativos e preventivos, pode reduzir o índice de patologias orais evitando ou minimizando a ocorrência de situações clínicas invasivas e dolorosas, diminuindo, assim, a ansiedade ao tratamento odontológico, favorecendo a quebra do ciclo: medo do tratamento odontológico - fuga das consultas - baixa saúde bucal.

Baixa adesão ao citopatológico: revisão de literatura

O Programa de Saúde da Família (PSF), foi oficializado pelo Ministério da Saúde em 1994, com o objetivo de reorganizar a prática assistencial em novas bases e critérios, substituindo o modelo tradicional, voltado apenas para a cura das doenças. A nova estratégia está centrada na família e no ambiente ao seu redor, buscando uma assistência integral e contínua; desenvolvendo ações de promoção, prevenção, proteção e recuperação da saúde. Dentre estas ações encontra-se a realização do exame citopatológico. Este estudo teve como objetivo realizar um levantamento bibliográfico na literatura nacional sobre a relevância do exame citopatológico para a saúde das mulheres. Para o desenvolvimento do trabalho foi feito uma revisão bibliográfica narrativa, utilizando-se os descritores: PSF, Papanicolau, câncer de colo do útero, adesão e enfermagem. Os estudos demonstram que a neoplasia maligna do colo uterino é a terceira em incidência entre as mulheres e responsável por cerca de 275 mil óbitos/ano no mundo. Dentre os fatores de risco para esta neoplasia encontram-se o início da atividade sexual precoce, multiplicidade de parceiros, gestação precoce, multiparidade, exposição ao Papilomavírus Humano (HPV), infecção por HIV, baixo nível sócio econômico e deficiência nutricional. As razões para explicar a falta de adesão ao citopatológico são as mais variadas como: vergonha, medo do exame em si pelo fato de sentir dor e desconforto, medo de receber resultado positivo para o câncer, dificuldade de marcação de consulta, ausência de queixas ginecológicas e desconhecimento sobre o câncer, a técnica e a importância do exame preventivo. Portanto, é importante destacar a necessidade de ações educativas, nas quais o enfermeiro deve divulgar informações à população no que refere fatores de risco, ações de prevenção e detecção precoce, orientando comportamento e hábitos saudáveis. Essas atividades educativas são a base para o êxito no processo de prevenção, uma vez que, muitas mulheres devido a costumes e valores não se reconhecem como importantes neste processo.

Dor crônica na atenção primária - um problema de saúde pública

Este estudo teve como objetivo elaborar um plano de ação para sistematização e aprimoramento do atendimento de portadores de dor crônica por uma equipe multidisciplinar, possibilitando uma reabilitação psicossocial mais adequada. No diagnóstico situacional foi observado um elevado número de pessoas portadoras de dor crônica. Baseando-se neste problema foram selecionados os seguintes nós críticos: processo de trabalho inadequado da Estratégia Saúde da Família e ausência de terapias alternativas disponíveis pelo Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Baseado nesses nós críticos foram propostas as seguintes ações de enfrentamento: criação do projeto "Menos dor, por favor", que visa otimizar a abordagem ao paciente portador de dor crônica de forma multidisciplinar e do projeto "Integralidade", que objetiva utilizar outras formas terapêuticas para auxiliar o tratamento medicamentoso da dor crônica.

Atenção domiciliar: caso clínico [dor abdominal]

Vídeo produzido com o GoAnimate! e que apresenta o paciente Seu João solicitando uma visita da equipe de atenção domiciliar com queixas de dores abdominais. O vídeo instiga a reflexão, a fim de solucionar o caso.

Endocytosis Of Tight Junctions Caveolin Nitrosylation Dependent Is Improved By Cocoa Via Opioid Receptor On Rpe Cells In Diabetic Conditions.

Retinal pigment epithelium cells, along with tight junction (TJ) proteins, constitute the outer blood retinal barrier (BRB). Contradictory findings suggest a role for the outer BRB in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy (DR). The aim of this study was to investigate whether the mechanisms involved in these alterations are sensitive to nitrosative stress, and if cocoa or epicatechin (EC) protects from this damage under diabetic (DM) milieu conditions. Cells of a human RPE line (ARPE-19) were exposed to high-glucose (HG) conditions for 24 hours in the presence or absence of cocoa powder containing 0.5% or 60.5% polyphenol (low-polyphenol cocoa [LPC] and high-polyphenol cocoa [HPC], respectively). Exposure to HG decreased claudin-1 and occludin TJ expressions and increased extracellular matrix accumulation (ECM), whereas levels of TNF-α and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) were upregulated, accompanied by increased nitric oxide levels. This nitrosative stress resulted in S-nitrosylation of caveolin-1 (CAV-1), which in turn increased CAV-1 traffic and its interactions with claudin-1 and occludin. This cascade was inhibited by treatment with HPC or EC through δ-opioid receptor (DOR) binding and stimulation, thereby decreasing TNF-α-induced iNOS upregulation and CAV-1 endocytosis. The TJ functions were restored, leading to prevention of paracellular permeability, restoration of resistance of the ARPE-19 monolayer, and decreased ECM accumulation. The detrimental effects on TJs in ARPE-19 cells exposed to DM milieu occur through a CAV-1 S-nitrosylation-dependent endocytosis mechanism. High-polyphenol cocoa or EC exerts protective effects through DOR stimulation.

[temporomandibular Disorders In Fibromyalgia Syndrome: A Short-communication.]

Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is a chronic painful syndrome and the coexistence of a painful condition caused by Temporomandibular Disorders (TMD) and FMS has been frequently raised for several studies, however, more likely hypothesis is that a set of FMS characteristics may lead to the onset of TMD symptoms and they are not merely coexisting conditions. Therefore, our aim is presenting a review of literature about the relation between fibromyalgia and the signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorders. For this purpose, a bibliographic search was performed of the period of 1990-2013, in the Medline, Pubmed, Lilacs and Scielo databases, using the keywords fibromyalgia, temporomandibular disorders and facial pain. Here we present a set of findings in the literature showing that fibromyalgia can lead to TMD symptoms. These studies demonstrated greater involvement of the stomatognathic system in FMS and myogenic disorders of masticatory system are the most commonly found in those patients. FMS appears to have a series of characteristics that constitute predisposing and triggering factors for TMD.

Orbital apex syndrome due to aspergillosis: case report

We report the case of a 73-year-old female who presented facial numbness and pain in the first division of the trigeminal nerve, ptosis, diplopia and visual loss on the right side for the previous four months. The neurological, radiological and histological examination demonstrated a rare case of invasive fungal aspergillosis of the central nervous system, causing orbital apex syndrome, later transformed in temporal brain abscess. She died ten months later due to respiratory and renal failure in spite of specific antimycotic therapy.

Identification of family variables in parents' groups of children with epilepsy

OBJECTIVE: To verify the effectiveness of the support group in the identification of family variables linked to epilepsy. METHOD: Pre-test were applied to parents of 21 children with benign epilepsy of childhood recently diagnosed, from 5 to 15 years, who participated in the groups at HC/Unicamp. There was a presentation of an educational video, discussion and application of the post-test 1. After six months, the post-test 2 was applied. RESULTS: The beliefs were: fear of swallowing the tongue during the seizures (76.19%) and of a future mental disease (66.67%). Facing the epilepsy, fear and sadness appeared. 76.19% of the parents presented overprotection and 90.48%, expected a new seizure. In the post-test 1, the parents affirmed that the information offered had modified the beliefs. In the post-test 2, 80.95% didn't report great doubts about epilepsy and 90.48% considered their relationship with their children better. CONCLUSIONS: The demystification of beliefs supplied from the groups influenced the family positively, prevented behavior alterations and guaranteed effective care in the attendance to the child with epilepsy.

Levantamento fitossociológico e caráter sucessional de um trecho de floresta secundária ciliar em Juquitiba, SP, Brasil

The objective of this study was to evaluate the horizontal and vertical structures of tree community in regeneration in a fragment of a secondary riparian forest at approximately 30 years of age and to identify the most abundant species in each fragment of the forest to determine the sucessional stage. An area of 800 m² was subdivided into 16 samples of 10 x 5 m and all individuals with DBH ≥ 1 cm were sampled and identified for the following analyzes: horizontal parameters (DR, FR, DoR, IVC and IVI), vertical parameters (PSR and RNR) and mixed parameters, from of value of increased importance index (IVIa). The survey measured 689 individuals, belonging to 38 families, 74 genus and 109 species. The total density was 8,614 individuals/ha. The index of Shannon´s diversity was 3.99 and the index of Pielou´s equability was 0.85. Tibouchina pulchra, Psychotria suterella and Endlicheria paniculata obtained high values of IVIa. Guarea macrophylla, Gomidesia anacardiaefolia, Xylopia langsdorffiana and Endlicheria paniculata achieved high values of RNT, indicating adequate natural regeneration in the plot. The initial secondary and umbrophylous species showed the highest ecological importance in this fragment of the forest, with the highest values of sociologic position and importance index. Furthermore, the presence of late secondary species in all layers suggest that the studied fragment is in intermediate succession degree.

Saúde dos adolescentes: um estudo de base populacional em Campinas, São Paulo, Brasil

We estimated the prevalence of chronic diseases and other health problems reported by adolescents in relation to social and demographic variables and nutritional status. This cross-sectional population-based survey analyzed data from the Health Survey in Campinas, São Paulo State, Brazil, 2008. We used descriptive statistics and associations between variables with the chisquare test. Prevalence of chronic diseases among adolescents was 19.17%, with asthma showing the highest prevalence (7.59%), followed by heart disease (1.96%), hypertension (1.07%), and diabetes 0.21%. Prevalence rates were 61.53% for health problems, 40.39% for allergy, and 24.83% for frequent headache or migraine. After multivariate analysis using Poisson regression, the factors associated with chronic disease were age 15 to 19 years (PR = 1.38), not attending school (PR = 1.46), having children (PR = 1.84), and obesity (PR = 1.54). Female gender (PR = 1.12) was statistically associated with health problems. The study illustrates that adolescence is a life stage in which chronic disease and health problems can occur.

Tradução para a língua portuguesa e adaptação cultural do questionário Rowe modificado para atletas arremessadores

OBJECTIVE: Study was to translate and culturally adapt the modified Rowe score for overhead athletes. METHODS: The translation and cultural adaptation process initially involved the stages of transla tion, synthesis, back-translation, and revision by the Translation Group. It was than created the pre-final version of the question naire, being the areas function and pain applied to 20 athletes that perform overhead movements and that suffered SLAP lesions in the dominant shoulder and the areas active compression test and anterior apprehension test and motion were applied to 15 health professionals. RESULTS: During the translation process there were made little modifications in the questionnaire in order to adapt it to Brazilian culture, without changing the semantics and the idiomatic concept originally described. CONCLUSIONS: The questionnaire was easily understood by the subjects of the study, being possible to obtain the Brazilian version of the modified Rowe score for over head athletes that underwent surgical treatment of the SLAP lesion.

Comparação da eficácia da ropivacaína 1% quando associada ou não à hialuronidase na anestesia peribulbar para cirurgia de catarata

Purpose: To evaluate the onset time and quality of peribulbar anesthesia with 1% ropivacaine associated or not with hyaluronidase 100 tru/ml for cataract extraction. Methods: Prospective, randomized, double-blind and controlled study including fifty-seven patients, scheduled to undergo peribulbar anesthesia for cataract extraction, allocated to two groups. Group C: 1% ropivacaine with addition of 100 tru/ml hyaluronidase, and Group S 1% ropivacaine, without hyaluronidase. The onset time for globe akinesia was studied at intervals of 2 minutes, using Nicoll's score. We evaluated pain by analogic score during the surgery and the necessity of complementing the anaesthesia. The peribulbar block was considered satisfactory when the Nicoll's score was less than 4. Results: The mean time of onset of block in group C was 4.07 minutes (± 3.24), and in group S 5.03 (± 3.28). There was no statistically significant difference between the groups. Both were similar regarding pain score, no pain was observed in 57.14% of group C, and in 68.97% of group S. The supplementary anesthetic was necessary in 2 cases of group C and in 3 cases of group S. Two cases of bradycardia (heart rate < 50 bpm) were observed during the surgery, and in one case administration of atropine IV was necessary. Conclusion: 1% ropivacaine provided a good quality of anesthesia for cataract extraction, with a faster onset of action in the group with hyaluronidase 100 iu/ml, although without significant difference.

Tratamento da retinopatia diabética: percepções de pacientes em Rio Claro (SP) - Brasil

PURPOSE: To collect information and opinions from a group of diabetic patients regarding diabetic retinopathy and its treatment, in order to get reliable information that can help to improve programs and actions to control and prevent this ocular disease. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was performed. The sample was from 980 diabetic patients seen in a diabetic association. A previous questionnaire was made with general questions about the main subject. Thereafter, an appropriate questionnaire was prepared. RESULTS: The sample showed that among 299 patients with age ranging from 16 to 83 years, with a mean of 57 years, mainly female (67.91%) did not know how severe their disease was (30.8%), or believed that it was not a serious problem (19.7%). The laser technique to solve diabetic retinopathy was known by 60.2% of the patients. It was reported as the only treatment available by 24.1%. Among the reasons for no treatment 59.8% reported that they did not think it was necessary and 29.7% could not afford it. CONCLUSIONS: Patients showed lack of knowledge about how serious is diabetic retinopathy, the possibility of using laser technique for it and the severity of the disease. Some patients believed in the efficacy of the treatment and some patients did not, but all of them reported that they were afraid of submitting to it.

Esclerite infecciosa espontânea por Nocardia asteroides: relato de caso

PURPOSE: To report a case of Nocardia asteroides scleritis in a patient without risk factors for infeccious scleritis. METHODS: A 38-year old woman was initially examined for pain, discharge, photophobia of 1 month duration in her right eye. Her medical and ophthalmological history were unremarkable. The results of laboratory tests were normal. Surgical debridement of necrotic tissue was performed and material was sent for biopsy and culture confirmed as Nocardia asteroides. Treatment consisted of amikacin eyedrops, and systemic trimethropim-sulfamethoxazole. The infection resolved leaving scleral thinning and a subconjunctival fibrovascular scar. Best corrected visual acuity two months after referral had improved to LE, 20/20. CONCLUSION: Prompt evaluation and treatment is essential for successful management of Nocardia asteroides infectious scleritis.

Topiramate-associated acute, bilateral, angle-closure glaucoma: case report

This paper describes a topiramate induced acute bilateral angle-closure glaucoma. This rare adverse effect is an idiosyncratic reaction characterized by uveal effusion and lens forward displacement, leading to increased intraocular pressure and vision loss. We describe a 55 year-old white woman with migraine, spasmodic torticollis and essential tremor, who developed bilateral acute angle-closure glaucoma, one week after starting topiramate 25 mg/day. She was seen at the Ophthalmology Emergency Department of the Fundação João Penido Burnier (Campinas, SP, Brazil) with a 4 hours history of blurry vision, ocular pain and bright flashes vision. Slit lamp examination revealed moderate conjunctival injection and corneal edema, and shallow anterior chambers. Intraocular pressure was 48 mmHg in both eyes. Fundoscopic examination findings were normal. She was treated with timolol, brimonidine, dorzolamide, pilocarpine, prednisone acetate eye drops and acetazolamide. One hour after those measures, as the intraocular pressure was 30 mmHg, she received a manitol intravenous injection and the intraocular pressure normalized. After 24 hours an iridotomy with Yag laser was performed. Topiramate was discontinued and she was totally recovered after one week.