Profiling young carers' lives: An examination of individual, family, and social contexts

Young carers (YCs) who provide prolonged care for ill, disabled, or addicted family member(s) face a tremendous risk for negative developmental trajectories when remaining hidden (Charles, Stainton, & Marshall, 2009; Charles, 2011; Cass, 2007). Despite a growing recognition of YCs, understanding how providing care impacts a young person is not fully understood. The present study aimed to investigate circumstantial, family, and individual factors which may be associated with YCs’ caregiving role. By comparing YCs to a normative sample, a comprehensive YC profile was formed. A secondary comparative analysis was conducted on 124 YCs (72 females and 52 males, Mage = 12) and a normative sample (n = 124) matched on YCs’ age, gender, and number of siblings within the family. Unique attributes of the YC population were discussed, thereby creating a YC profile. Future research may be able to use this profile to promote identification and recognition of YCs.

Moderators of the Relationship between Family Caregiver Proxy-Ratings and Person with Dementia Self-Ratings of Quality of Life

As the dementia spectrum lacks any viable cure, quality of life is typically regarded as an essential measure of assessing the clinical course and evaluating interventions. With caregivers typically providing this rating to health professionals, the literature has noted inconsistencies between caregiver and person with dementia (PwD) ratings of quality of life and suggested several factors may moderate the rating relationship. To investigate this, an intraclass correlation coefficient was calculated to observe rating agreement and moderator regression analysis was conducted to explore potential moderators. Potential moderators of caregiver burden, caregiver age, caregiver income, PwD IADLs/ADLs, PwD education, PwD cognitive impairment, PwD depressive symptom severity, PwD behavioural symptom severity, as well as relationship between caregiver and PwD. Utilizing secondary data from 107 recruited dyads, analyses conducted found fair agreement between caregivers and those with dementia while none of the hypothesized factors were found to moderate the rating relationship.

Family Record

Family record copied from the family bible. This 1 page, single sided note was in an envelope and gives date and places of births and marriage, but it doesn’t provide any last names, n.d.

Genealogical and Historical Sketch of the Name and Family of Woodruff

Genealogical and Historical Sketch of the name and family of Woodruff compiled by the Media Research Bureau of Washington, D.C. This document traces the Woodruff name to its Anglo-Saxon origins and lists members of the family who have distinguished themselves in America in more recent times, n.d.

Family Record of the Clement Family

Family Record of the Clement Family (1 printed page) listing Clement family members born from 1750 – 1808, n.d.

Family Record of the Clement Family (on fabric)

Family Record of the Clement Family (1 printed page) exactly as above, but printed on fabric, n.d.

Drawing and Explanation of the Cleveland Family Coat of Arms

Drawing and explanation of the Cleveland Family coat of arms. Pro Deo et Patria means For God and Country. The name is Saxon in origin and in 1403 the “de” was dropped from the name. The drawing and text are said to be from Cleveland Genealogy by J.B. Cleveland, 1881. It can also be found in An Account of the Lineage of General Moses Cleaveland (founder of the city of Cleveland, Ohio) of Canterbury, compiled by H.G. Cleveland, n.d.

Description of Edward Dell’s property in Willoughby

Description of Edward Dell’s property in Willoughby which consists of part of Lot no.9. This includes a hand-drawn map and 1 ½ page handwritten description. The edges of this document are slightly burned. This does not affect the text, n.d.

Letter to S.D. Woodruff regarding parts of Lots 9 and 10 in Willoughby and signed by Calvin Cudney and Ezekiel Cudney

Letter to S.D. Woodruff regarding parts of Lots 9 and 10 in Willoughby and signed by Calvin Cudney and Ezekiel Cudney (2 copies). Both of these copies are slightly burned on the edges. This does not affect the text, Dec. 20, 1884.

Diagram of lot no. 10 in Willoughby

Diagram of lot no. 10 in Willoughby. The names on the outside of this document include: Matthew Singh, provincial land surveyor, Toronto; George S. Field, contractor, Niagara Falls; E. T. Phelps and H. Lyman, lawyer, Niagara Falls. The document is quite warn and fragile. This does not affect the text, n.d.

Letter to P.I. Price asking him to make out a cheque in favour of German and Pettit for looking after certain petitions in Willoughby and Bertie Townships and in Welland

Letter to P.I. Price asking him to make out a cheque in favour of German and Pettit for looking after certain petitions in Willoughby and Bertie Townships and in Welland. This is signed by H.H. Collier, March 5, 1906.

Frederick the great and his family : an historical novel

UANL

Src family kinases are required for limb trajectory selection by spinal motor axons

Signal relay by guidance receptors at the axonal growth cone is a process essential for the assembly of a functional nervous system. We investigated the in vivo function of Src family kinases (SFKs) as growth cone guidance signaling intermediates in the context of spinal lateral motor column (LMC) motor axon projection toward the ventral or dorsal limb mesenchyme. Using in situ mRNA detection we determined that Src and Fyn are expressed in LMC motor neurons of chick and mouse embryos at the time of limb trajectory selection. Inhibition of SFK activity by C-terminal Src kinase (Csk) overexpression in chickLMCaxons using in ovo electroporation resulted inLMC axons selecting the inappropriate dorsoventral trajectory within the limb mesenchyme, with medial LMC axon projecting into the dorsal and ventral limb nerve with apparently random incidence. We also detected LMC axon trajectory choice errors in Src mutant mice demonstrating a nonredundant role for Src in motor axon guidance in agreement with gain and loss of Src function in chickLMCneurons which led to the redirection ofLMCaxons. Finally, Csk-mediated SFK inhibition attenuated the retargeting ofLMCaxons caused by EphA or EphB over-expression, implying the participation of SFKs in Eph-mediated LMC motor axon guidance. In summary, our findings demonstrate that SFKs are essential for motor axon guidance and suggest that they play an important role in relaying ephrin:Eph signals that mediate the selection of motor axon trajectory in the limb.