Concentração de sais da soluçtiao avaliada pela condutividade elétrica na zona radicular do crisântema sob irrigação por gotejamento

The effects of salt concentration levels in electrical conductivity (EC) were evaluated in chrysanthemum root, cultivated in substrate using two sampling methods, under greenhouse conditions. The experiment was carried out in Paranapanema, São Paulo using the experimental design in randomized blocks and four replications. The treatments consisted of eight sampling periods of substrate solutions in pots: 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, 49 and 56 days after strike root and five salt concentration levels of applied saline solution: 1.42; 1.65; 1.89; 2.13 and 2.36 dS m -1 in the vegetative period and during the reproduction period of flower budding: 1.71; 1.97; 2.28; 2.57 and 2.85 dS m -1. The substrate solution EC monitoring was done using two methods: solution extractors and 1:2 water diluted solution. The use of solution extractors and 1:2 water diluted solution allowed substrate solution EC monitoring along the culture cycle; the amount of salt concentration applied in the substrate caused the substrate salinity increase; the method using solution extractors presented higher EC values in the substrate.

Uma revisão sistemática sobre o uso de agonistas e antagonistas do GnRH em pacientes más respondedoras à estimulação ovariana

The purpose of this investigation was to make a systematic review of the medical literature in order to compare the efficacy of GnRH antagonists and agonists for poor responders to ovarian stimulation. According to the data collected, the use of GnRH antagonist protocols showed better results in comparison to long protocols with a GnRH agonist regarding the following aspects: lower cycle cancellation rate due to poor ovarian response; higher number of oocytes retrieved; higher clinical pregnancy rate per initiated cycle. Nevertheless, these results were not observed when the flare-up protocols of GnRH agonists were used. Moreover the number of oocytes retrieved with GnRH agonist was significantly higher in relation to the GnRH antagonist.

Uso da suplementação de LH recombinante na estimulação ovariana com protocolos de FSH recombinante e agonistas do GnRH: Uma revisão da literatura

The purpose of this review was to assess the efficacy of recombinant LH (r-LH) supplementation for controlled ovarian stimulation in recombinant FSH (r-FSH) and GnRH-agonist (GnRH-a) protocol for IVF/ICSI cycles. Search strategies included on-line surveys of databases from 1990 to 2006. Four trials fulfilled the inclusion criteria (Lisi et al. 2002, Humaidan et al. 2004, Marrs et al. 2004, Tarlatzis et al. 2006). When the review was carried out advantages were observed for the r-LH supplementation protocol with respect to a fewer days of stimulation, a fewer total amount of r-FSH administered and a higher serum estradiol levels on the day of hCG administration. However, these differences were not observed in number of oocyte retrieved, number of mature oocytes, clinical pregnancy per oocyte retrieval, implantation and miscarriage rates. Nevertheless, more randomized controlled trials are necessary before evidence-based recommendations regarding exogenous r-LH supplementation in ovarian stimulation protocols with r-FSH and GnRH-a for assisted reproduction treatment can be provided.

O emprego de hormônio luteinizante recombinante associado ao hormônio folículo-estimulante recombinante nos protocolos de estimulação ovariana com antagonista do GnRH

The purpose of this investigation was to verify the efficacy of recombinant LH supplementation for controlled ovarian stimulation in GnRH-antagonist protocol for assisted reproductive technologies cycles. Search strategies included on-line surveys of databases from 1990 to 2006. In this review and meta-analysis, the observed advantages for the LH supplementation protocol were a higher serum estradiol levels on the day of hCG administration and a higher number of mature oocytes. However, there were no differences observed in the total amount of r-FSH administered, days of stimulation, number of oocyte retrieved, the clinical pregnancy rate per oocyte retrieval, the implantation rate and miscarriage rate. This result demonstrates that the association of r-LH with r-FSH may prevent any decrease in estradiol after antagonist administration and a significant higher number of mature oocytes was obtained. Nevertheless, additional randomized controlled trials are needed confirm these observations.

Emprego da sondagem elétrica vertical com o método da eletroresistividade no estudo do lixão de Macapá-Ap

Vertical electrical soundings using eletroresistivity method were carried out in the public waste landfill in Macapá - AP, having as a goal to investigate the geoelectrical and hidrogeologic characteristics of the ground. The results of geophysics interpretation allowed obtaining a model of five geoelectrical layers until the depth of 14,6 m. This model is correlated to a sedimentary sequence of clay-silt-sandy with laterite. The main flow of the water table, also determined, is concordant to the topographical gradient.

Infliximabe no tratamento inicial da retocolite ulcerativa moderada e grave. Terapia top down: Relato preliminar

The first option for the treatment of UC is both: salicylates or corticoids. Recently, in late November of 2006, the Brazilian Ministry of Health has approved infliximab (Remicade c, Mantecorp, Brazil) to treat ulcerative colitis. We report the use of infliximab as a first option for the treatment of two patients with severe ulcerative colitis. Case report: Patient 1: AZF, 52 years-old, female, was first diagnosed with UC after history and clinical examination; colonoscopy showed pancolitis with positive biopsy (crypt microabscess). Her Mayo score was 10 (range: 0 to 12/asymptomatic to severe colitis). She received intra venous infusion of infliximab at a dose of 5mg/Kg of body weigh at week 0, 2, 6 and 14. Then, patient was given mesalazine 4.5 g/day for maintenance therapy. Clinical response was defined as a decreased from baseline in the total Mayo score of at least 3 points. At present, patient is asymptomatic with Mayo score of 3 one moth after the last dose of infliximab. Patient 2: MLA, 45 years-old, female was first diagnosed with bloody diarrhea; colonoscopy showed left colitis and the biopsy was positive for ulcerative colitis. Her Mayo score was 9. She was offered and accepted the step down treatment. She was given infliximab 5mg/Kg of body weight at week 0, 2, 6 and 14. After initial treatment with infliximab, she received mesalazine 4.2 g/day. At present, she is asymptomatic with Mayo score of 2 eighteen days after the last dose of infliximab. At our knowledge, this is the first Brazilian report of the use of infliximab as fist-line therapy in ulcerative colitis. Few days after the begging of the infusion, an impressive clinical and colonoscopy improvement was seen in these two patients. Recently, it has been reported the use of infliximab as first-line therapy in pediatric Crohn disease. Infliximab could be a good option in cases of moderate and severe UC to avoid the side effects of the use of high doses of corticoids in patients with moderate and severe UC. However, the question if step-down therapy in ulcerative colitis is better then conventional therapy with salicylates and corticoids needs to be answered by randomized trials.

Variação temporal da resistividade elétrica em contaminação por gasolina

The definition of models and base parameters for application of investigation tools in environment with high complexity are a basic premise to any sciences. The geophysics is a science with solid theoretical base and applications in diversified areas of the sciences geological, astronomical, meteorological, among many others. Its application in environmental studies is relatively recent and needs further research. To understand the behavior of resident contaminants in a dynamic and complex environment as the geological, it requests studies in scale laboratorial, under control of factors seasonality variable. This work simulates a leak of gasoline in soil, under conditions and in laboratory scale, with the objective of monitoring the temporary behavior of the hydrocarbon under the optics of variation of the parameter physical electric resistivity. The results indicate increase of the resistivity in recent periods the contamination, followed for stability in the values and finally fall and return tendency to the natural conditions.

Consumo e custo de energia elétrica na cultura de citros irrigado por gotejamento e microaspersão, com três lâminas de água

The objective of this work was to analyze the consumption, electric energy cost, and economic results of irrigated citrus (Citrus sinensis). The treatments consisted of a dripping irrigation system with one and two lateral distribution lines, a micro sprinkler irrigation system and a treatment without irrigation. For each irrigation system, three water depths were used: 100%, 75% and 50% of Etc (citrus evapotranspiration). The electric energy cost for two tariff groups, Group A and Group B, was studied. For Group A, the expenses with energy were determined for the Conventional Binomial Structure tariff, the Hour-seasonal tariff (green and blue) and the special tariff for nocturnal irrigation. The kWh cost for the tariff systems were obtained from the website of CPFL (São Paulo State Power and Light Company, Brazil). The best relation between the electric energy consumption (kWh.ha -1) and productivity (t.ha -1) occurred in the treatment irrigated with 50% of the Etc. The irrigated treatments increased productivity. The biggest productivity was observed in the irrigation treatments with 50% of the Etc when compared to the ones with 100% of the Etc. The blue and green Hour-seasonal tariff system of Group A (nocturnal irrigation) was the best option. A biggest economic turnover occurred in the treatments irrigated with 50% of the Etc.

Microgeração de energia elétrica (Abaixo de 100 kW) utilizando turbina Tesla modificada

An economical electricity generating system is developed, i.e., a boiler and turbine with a capacity ≤ 100 kw, to occupy a niche market where the existing steam systems are not economically viable. A Tesla turbine is used. It has been modified to provide greater torque, outperforming the deficiency inherent in the original Tesla turbine. It can operate with saturated steam produced by a boiler heated by biomass, gas, biodiesel, etc. The microgenerator consumes locally available fuel and can bring energy to millions of rural living Brazilians, where some kind of biomass is abundant. The Tesla turbine is compact, has no moving parts, and has endless application possibilities. A prototype system is also created to produce electricity with a boiler and generator.

Testes de envelhecimento acelerado e de condutividade elétrica em sementes de Dictyoloma vendellianum A. Juss.

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Sistema especialista para a monitoração do processo de degradação de medidores tipo indução de energia elétrica ativa

This paper presents a methodology and software for hazard rate analysis of induction type watt-hour meters, considering the main variables related with the degradation process of these meters, for the Elektro Electricity and Services SA. The modeling developed to calculate the watt-hour meters hazard rate was implemented in a tool through a user friendly platform, in Delphi language, enabling not only hazard rate analysis, but also a classification by risk range, localization of installation for the analyzed meters, and, allowing, through an expert system, the sampling of induction type watt-hour meters, based on the model risk developed with artificial intelligence, with the mainly goal of follow and manage the process of degradation, maintenance and replacement of these meters. © 2010 IEEE.

Avaliação da função glomerular de cães sadios e nefropatas sob estimulação dopaminérgica

Dopamine is an endogenous compound widely used in intensive care. It has a broad spectrum of action, on the cardiovascular system and urinary tract. Increased glomerular filtration rate, renal blood flow and fractional excretion of sodium and phosphorus are expected renal effects in normal individuals, but are poorly explored in veterinary medicine. This study was conducted to evaluate the glomerular function of dogs with renal disease submitted to continuous infusion of dopamine. Different doses of dopamine were administered in healthy and nephropathic dogs. Laboratory evaluations of creatinine clearance and urinary protein/creatinine ratio were performed during and after treatments. Creatinine clearance showed dose-dependent increase in healthy dogs. In dogs with renal disease, the dose of 1μg/kg/min GFR increased slightly, without changing the urine P/C and blood pressure, while the dose of 3μg/kg/min increased urinary protein excretion.

Comparação entre as necessidades energéticas prescritas e administradas a pacientes em terapia nutricional enteral

Objective: evaluating the adequacy, prescription and energy supply of enteral nutrition therapy in hospitalized patients. Methods: was performed a retrospective survey of the evolution of TNE protocol of 59 patients hospitalized in a general hospital in Marília / SP / BR. Data collected included gender, age, clinical diagnosis, anthropometric and dietary data related to the prescribed dietary formula, route and method of administration of the enteral nutrition, the daily volume prescribed and administered, the daily amount of energy required and offered in the diet, as well as possible complications. Body mass index (BMI), triceps skinfold (TSF) and arm muscle circumference (AMC) were used to establish the nutritional status of the patients. The adequacy of ENT was done according to the daily energy requirement compared to the average energy received during the daily use of ENT. Results: The average found to the BMI was 21.4 kg/m 2, and no differences were found comparing male and female. The data for TSF and AMC were different between genders (p<0.05) and suggest a more severe muscle mass in relation to adipose tissue. The averaged to the energy requirements was 1642 kcal/day but the average of energy prescribed was 1045 kcal/day and the amount offered was 1035 kcal/day. There was a significant difference between the necessity and the supplied energy offered through enteral nutrition (p=0.00) as well between the energy required and prescribed (p =0.00), both were shorter than the necessity. There was no significant difference (p>0.05) in energy supply, volume of enteral nutrition prescribed and administered among eutrophic, underweight or overweight patients. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that the prescription and energy supply were not based on the needs of these patients, causing a significant energy deficit, which can lead to worsening of the nutritional status of the same. In hospitalized patients in use of ENT, the energy requirement must be made by a qualified professional within the multidisciplinary team, based on the needs of each patient.