Measuring CO2 emissions induced by online and brick-and-mortar retailing

We develop a method for empirically measuring the difference in carbon footprint between traditional and online retailing (“e-tailing”) from entry point to a geographical area to consumer residence. The method only requires data on the locations of brick-and-mortar stores, online delivery points, and residences of the region’s population, and on the goods transportation networks in the studied region. Such data are readily available in most countries, so the method is not country or region specific. The method has been evaluated using data from the Dalecarlia region in Sweden, and is shown to be robust to all assumptions made. In our empirical example, the results indicate that the average distance from consumer residence to a brick-and-mortar retailer is 48.54 km in the studied region, while the average distance to an online delivery point is 6.7 km. The results also indicate that e-tailing increases the average distance traveled from the regional entry point to the delivery point from 47.15 km for a brick-and-mortar store to 122.75 km for the online delivery points. However, as professional carriers transport the products in bulk to stores or online delivery points, which is more efficient than consumers’ transporting the products to their residences, the results indicate that consumers switching from traditional to e-tailing on average reduce their CO2 footprints by 84% when buying standard consumer electronics products. 

Upplevelser av stöd från diabetessjuksköterskan hos personer med diabetes typ 1 : – Sekundäranalys av en kvalitativ intervjustudie

Introduction: Type 1 diabetes is a chronic disease that affects the individual in everyday life. The diabetes team sets the treatment goals together with the patient aiming for a good quality of life and to prevent complications. The diabetes nurse should include in-depth knowledge of the daily life of people with diabetes, and have respect for the individual's choices and life situation. Aim: To describe how people with type 1 diabetes experience the support from the diabetes nurse. Method: A qualitative content analysis with an inductive approach has been used. A secondary analysis including semi-structured interviews with 15 adults (> 18 years) with type 1 diabetes was conducted. Result: The result was summarized with an overall theme "At the clinic - experience of the support offered" describes how people experience the support from their diabetes nurse. The theme constituted three categories "Access to the diabetes nurse", "The diabetes nurse - a source of information and knowledge that might need to be complemented with the support from other professionals" and,"Mutual trust - the patient's experience of the district nurse as a discussion partner and support". Conclusion: The results showed that the accessibility to diabetes nurses was experienced as good. It was simple and easy to make contact. The diabetes nurses were experienced to be engaged and provide good support to the patients. A good dialogue with the diabetes nurse and commitment from the diabetes nurse were mentioned as important factors that made the visits to be experienced as good and important. There were requests for greater access and expanded opportunities for help from counselors, as well as an increased focus on how the person is feeling.

Barnmorskors och sjuksköterskors behov av stöd inom abortverksamhet : Intervjustudie

Bakgrund: Stöd inom abortvård har en stor betydelse för att upprätthålla en professionell förhållningsätt i mötet med patienten i abortsituationen och ge fullgodvård. Syfte: Syftet med den här studien var att beskriva barnmorskors och sjuksköterskors behov av stöd inom abortverksamheten. Metod: Kvalitativa semistrukturerade intervjuer genomfördes med sjuksköterskor och barnmorskor på en svensk kvinnoklinik för att uppnå studiens syfte. Resultat: Resultatet visade att behoven av stöd skiftade, beroende på vårdpersonalens olika utbildningar, arbetslivserfarenheter och personliga egenskaper. Behoven av stöd kunde innefatta kunskap, emotionellt stöd och etisk reflektion. Samspel i vårdteamet som består av gynekologer, barnmorskor, sjuksköterskor och kuratorer var viktigt för att kunna skapa bästa möjliga arbetsmiljö. Förutom grundutbildning som sjuksköterska eller barnmorska skulle behövas mer specifik utbildning inom abortvård.

Skolkuratorns roll i arbetet mot mobbning : En kvalitativ studie

Syftet med studien var att undersöka hur skolkuratorerna upplever sitt arbete mot mobbning och hur de praktiskt arbetar mot mobbning. Metoden var kvalitativ och intervjuer genomfördes med sju skolkuratorer på olika skolor i två mindre kommuner. Studien visade att skolkuratorerna vill arbeta mer med det förebyggande arbetet mot mobbningen än det finns tid till. Deras arbete handlar mycket om att gå in och hjälpa där behovet och mobbningsproblematiken redan finns. I de metoder och program som finns att tillgå i arbetet mot mobbningen är det inget som rekommenderas utan det är upp till skolkuratorerna att själva utforma en metod som ska passa den individuella eleven. Det finns ett behov av att utveckla ett program- och metodkoncept som motsvarar dagens problematik.