Obesidade infantil: projeto de intervenção para promover hábitos alimentares e estilos de vida saudáveis aos alunos de 1ª e 2ª série da Escola Estadual de Ensino Fundamental do bairro Carapebus – Serra – ES

No mundo em geral e no Brasil em particular, o problema da obesidade infantil tem se revelado como um novo desafio para a saúde pública, uma vez que sua incidência e prevalência têm crescido de forma alarmante nos últimos 30 anos. Grande parte estaria relacionada à má alimentação (95%, exógena), enquanto, apenas 5% seriam decorrentes de fatores endógenos. A falta de informação sobre a obesidade infantil e seus riscos e as ideias erradas com relação à alimentação no seio da família e na própria equipe de saúde, são o maior problema a ser superado para conseguir uma boa adesão ao tratamento. O presente trabalho objetiva desenhar um projeto de intervenção a ser realizado na escola de ensino fundamental e na UBS do bairro Carapebus, onde trabalharemos o conhecimento e a autoestima dos participantes com o intuito de promover a adesão ao tratamento nutricional e sensibilizar responsáveis e crianças sobre a importância da aquisição de hábitos nutricionais saudáveis. O plano operativo propõe oficinas de qualificação aos trabalhadores da UBS e professor de educação física da escola; questionário aos responsáveis das crianças com sobrepeso e obesidade sobre fatores associados à obesidade (hábitos de lazer, sedentarismo, atividades físicas, frequência qualitativa de alimentos, nível socioeconômico...); consulta médica e nutricional com avaliação antropométrica; oficinas de educação em saúde sobre alimentação saudável e atividade física; avaliação do impacto das ações realizadas. O projeto está estruturado para ser realizado em 4 etapas com uma duração total de 12 meses e a metodologia a aplicar será a pesquisa-ação.

Rastreamento da deficiência visual em crianças do ensino fundamental de uma escola do município de São João de Meriti – RJ

A deficiência visual em crianças foi uma questão muito evidenciada nas consultas da equipe de Estratégia de Saúde da Família da USF de Parque Alian, em São João de Meriti - RJ, configurando uma importante questão de saúde pública, motivo de abandono/evasão por baixo rendimento escolar. Este projeto tem como base o projeto OLHAR BRASIL, criado pelo Ministério da Saúde em parceria com o Ministério da Educação, que visa a detecção precoce de alterações visuais em locais onde a população apresenta dificuldade de acesso às consultas oftalmológicas. Objetivo: Detectar precocemente qualquer possível deficiência na acuidade visual dos escolares, a fim de encaminhá-los, o mais rápido possível, ao serviço público. Métodos: Estudo realizado com amostra de escolares do Ensino Fundamental da Escola Municipal Profa. Lígia da Silva França, adscrita ao território da Equipe de Saúde da Família da USF de Parque Alian, no município de São João de Meriti, RJ. O exame de acuidade visual (AV) foi realizado com a aplicação da Escala de Snellen. Resultados: Foram analisados 67 estudantes de uma escola pública municipal. Em relação à acuidade visual, 73% dos alunos apresentaram AV alterada. Conclusão: O presente estudo sugere a existência de uma alta prevalência de baixa acuidade visual nas crianças o que requer maior atenção e prestação de cuidado longitudinal por parte dos profissionais da USF Parque Alian, visando a identificação precoce e o tratamento dessas crianças.

Acompanhamento e controle dos pacientes com hipertensão arterial sistêmica no programa saúde da familia em Monjolos

Nas estatísticas de saúde pública percebe-se que a Hipertensão Arterial Sistêmica tem alta prevalência e baixas taxas de controle, sendo por isso considerada um dos mais importantes problemas de saúde pública. As doenças cardiovasculares são importantes causas de morbimortalidade e geram altos custos econômicos, e que aumentam progressivamente com o aumento da pressão arterial. O controle adequado dos pacientes com Hipertensão Arterial Sistêmica deve ser uma das prioridades da Atenção Básica a partir do princípio de que o diagnóstico precoce, o bom controle e o tratamento adequado dessa afecção são essenciais para diminuição dos eventos cardiovasculares adversos. Este trabalho propõe a criação de um plano de intervenção a ser aplicado pela Equipe de Saúde da Família, do Programa de Saúde da Família Monjolos, Minas Gerais, com o objetivo de melhorar o controle dos pacientes com Hipertensão Arterial Sistêmica. Para abordagem dos pacientes será feito o cadastramento e a estratificação de risco cardiovascular pelo escore de Framingham, seguida de abordagem direcionada, com agendamento de consultas conforme prioridade, criação do HIPERDIA, encaminhamento para especialistas nos casos em que houver indicação e criação dos grupos. A partir da implementação da ação proposta pretende-se a abordagem da Hipertensão Arterial Sistêmica como doença crônica, aumento da adesão da população às mudanças de estilo de vida e uso correto das medicações. Ao estimular a autonomia dos sujeitos em relação ao seu estado de saúde e propiciando melhorias na qualidade de vida esse projeto pretende contribuir de forma significativa para melhoria das condições de saúde e de vida da população da área de abrangência do PSF Monjolos

Jovens: a relação com o álcool e drogas na cidade de São João da Mata-MG

O uso abusivo dos jovens que utilizam substâncias psicoativas e álcool começa precocemente, sendo imprescindível a Equipe de Saúde da Família tomar ciência e conhecimento acerca do assunto, a fim de diminuir e a adesão a este tipo de uso, preservando a saúde, atuando na educação das famílias e consequentes gerações a surgirem. Este estudo teve como objetivo elaborar uma proposta de intervenção para efetivar a ação da Equipe da Saúde da Família no controle, conscientização, baixa adesão dos adolescentes e jovens de São João da Mata MG quanto ao uso abusivo de substâncias psicoativas e álcool no município. A metodologia do estudo é a Qualitativa, Descritiva e Transversal, do tipo Intervenção, que constatou o uso e consumo de álcool e substâncias psicoativas entre os adolescentes e jovens na faixa de 12- 16 anos, da Escola Estadual da cidade, percebido pela vivência comum na vida escolar e social, utilizando-se também dos resultados semelhantes de um trabalho desenvolvido anteriormente com o mesmo tema em 2012. O fator tido como precursor para o uso de tais substâncias após análise da Equipe da ESF, aponta diretamente para a falta de ações e espaços sociais, atividades de lazer e entretenimento para a população mais jovem, adicionado à resistência da população mais velha. As ações aqui propostas buscarão conscientizar os jovens as famílias, a escola e os profissionais de saúde do município a atuarem de forma a diminuir o alto consumo destas substâncias entre os jovens, promovendo saúde e qualidade de vida para a população

Relação dose-dependente do uso crônico de fenitoína e atrofia cerebelar em pacientes com epilepsia

The chronic treatment with phenytoin or the acute intoxication by this drug may cause permanent cerebellar injury with atrophy of cerebellum vermis and hemispheres, which can be detected by neuroimaging studies. The aim of the present study was to investigate the correlation between the dosage and duration of treatment with phenytoin and the occurrence of cerebellar atrophy. Sixty-six patients were studied and had their tomographies analyzed for cerebellar atrophy. Of the 66 patients studied, 18 had moderate/severe atrophy, 15 had mild atrophy and 33 were considered to be normal. The patients with moderate/severe atrophy were those with higher exposure to phenytoin (longer duration of treatment and higher total dosage) showing statistically significant difference when compared to patients with mild atrophy or without atrophy (p=0.02). Further, the patients with moderate/severe atrophy had serum levels of phenytoin statistically higher than those of patients with mild atrophy or without atrophy (p = 0.008). There was no association between other antiepileptic drugs dosage or duration of treatment and degree of cerebellar atrophy. We also found that older patients had cerebellar atrophy more frequently, indicating that age or duration of the seizure disorder may also be important in the determination of cerebellar degeneration in these patients. We conclude that although there is a possibility that repeated seizures contribute to cerebellar damage, long term exposure to phenytoin, particularly in high doses and toxic serum levels, cause cerebellar atrophy.

Reflexão sobre alguns desafios do ensino médio no Brasil hoje

The purpose of this article is to develop some ideas that may contribute to the debate about the secondary education in Brazil, giving emphasis to the conditions existing in the educational institutions, the ongoing educational policies and the challenges posed by the social, economic and political reality of the country. It is also discussed the political, social and economic importance of the expansion and the compulsory character of secondary education as well as the school's culture dimension, in its relationship to the so-called knowledge society. Finally, the role of secondary education for the youth and the new demands it poses for teachers are presented, among some others aspects.

Estudo da capacidade de complexação e sua relação com algumas variáveis ambientais em cinco represas do Rio Tietê/Brasil

The copper and cadmium complexation properties in natural sediment suspensions of reservoirs of the Tietê River were studied using the solid membrane copper and cadmium ion-selective electrodes. The complexation and the average conditional stability constants were determined under equilibrium conditions at pH=6.00 ± 0.05 in a medium of 1.0 mol L-1 sodium nitrate, using the Scatchard method. The copper and cadmium electrodes presented Nernstian behavior from 1x10-6 to 1x10-3 mol L-1 of total metal concentration. Scatchard graphs suggest two classes of binding sites for both metals. A multivariate study was done to correlate the reservoirs and the variables: complexation properties, size, total organic carbon, volatile acid sulfide, E II and pH.

Glicoproteína-P, resistência a múltiplas drogas (MDR) e relação estrutura-atividade de moduladores

Multidrug resistance, MDR is a major obstacle for cancer chemotherapy. MDR can be reversed by drugs that vary in their chemical structure and main biological activity. Many efforts have been done to overcome MDR based on studies of structure-activity relationships and in this review we summarize some aspects of MDR mediated by P-glycoprotein (P-gp), as the most experimentally and clinically tested form of drug resistance. The most significant MDR mechanisms revealed until now are shortly discussed. Physicochemical and structural properties of MDR modulators, measures of the MDR reversal, and QSAR studies are included.

The relationship between physical aspects of quality of life and extreme levels of regular physical activity in adults

This study aimed to check for any significant differences in perceived quality of life, specifically aspects of a physical nature, among volunteers who are more physically active and those less physically active in a university community. The sample consisted of 1,966 volunteers in a university community in Brazil. To assess physical activity levels, volunteers responded to the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), and to analyse the perception of quality of life they responded to WHOQOL-bref, which is classified into three groups according to level of physical activity, taking into account the metabolic equivalent index (MET) over a full week. For comparison, consideration was given to the first and third tertiles, respectively, namely groups of more and less active students. The results indicated that individuals who engaged in more physical activity had a more positive perception of quality of life compared to those who were less active in physical aspects related to the ability to work, energy for day-to-day activities and locomotion.

Variação sazonal da fotossíntese, condutância estomática e potencial da água na folha de laranjeira 'Valência'

Seasonal variation in environmental conditions may influence gas exchange rates as well as water relations in perennial species. This work was carried out to evaluate photosynthetic rates (A), transpiration (E), stomatal conductance (g) and leaf water potential (psi f ) in 'Valencia' orange trees grafted on four different rootstocks. Measurements were made twice a day: from 9h00 to 11h00 a.m. and from 1h00 to 3h00 p.m., during January, March and July. A and g were significantly lower and psif was significantly more negative, in the afternoon. The decrease in A may be related to the reduction in g, due to the increase in the vapor pressure deficit between the air and the leaf (VPDair-leaf ) in the afternoon, when temperatures are higher. In spite of the partial stomatal closure in the afternoon, the values for E were approximately the same as those measured in the morning, due to the increase in the VPDair-leaf . A decrease in A and g could also be noted from January to July, that is, from the hot and humid summer months, to the colder and drier winter ones. It was suggested that the decrease in A and g observed from January through March, may be related to the decrease in plant growth rates, which could have influenced the source-sink relationships, since the climatic conditions for both months were similar. The decrease in A and g showed in July, seems to be related to the decrease in both the night temperature and the growth rate of plants.

Aceitação-rejeição para estudar e agressividade na escola

The relationship between aggressiveness and peer acceptance-rejection were analyzed in 1281 elementary school children. Sociometric measure was based on three positive and three negative classmates choices. The aggressiveness scales gathered information about familiar, scholar and general situations. There were no statistically insignificant differences among the schools related to the sociometric and aggressiveness in familiar situation measures. The scales of the scholar and general aggressiveness formed two sub-groups, in which two schools showed less aggressiveness and the two other more aggressiveness. Scholar aggressiveness showed significant correlations with the sociometric status in all schools and the general aggressiveness in one of them, suggesting that the most social acceptance, the lesser the student's aggressiveness. As the correlations were low, extreme groups in acceptance-rejection conditions had been studied and the scales of scholar and general aggressiveness had differentiated these groups in only one school.

Efeito de 13 semanas de treinamento físico militar sobre a composição corporal e o desempenho físico dos alunos da escola preparatória de cadetes do exército

INTRODUCTION: Armies from all over the world acknowledge the importance of good physical fitness for the performance of military duties. The Military Exercise Training (MET) attempts to provide assistance to this search for better physical fitness and performance. OBJECTIVE: To verifying the effect on the body composition and physical performance of the students at ESPCEX (Military School for Preparation of Army Cadets) after 13 weeks of MET. METHODS: The sample was formed by 287 male students from the ESPCEX, whose average age was 18.33 ±1.26. Such students accomplished a boarding school routine, having defined schedules, meals and activities from which they were only released during the weekends. The MET was accomplished five days a week and it comprised both aerobic and resistance training. Measurement of body mass, height, skinfold (triceps, abdominal and suprailiac) was accomplished during pre and post training periods, and the following tests were performed: 12-minutes-run, oblique sit up, arm push up and pull up. Fat percentage, fat-free body mass and fat body mass were calculated using the anthropometric data based on the Guedes 3 skinfold protocol. RESULTS: Significant reduction in fat body mass, fat percentage and in triceptal and abdominal skinfold, as well as increase in suprailiac skinfold and fat-free body mass was observed when anthropometric and body composition data were compared, during the initial and the final periods of training. Significant improvement also occurred in all prformed physical tests, in which better performance was achieved. CONCLUSION: The acquired data suggest that performance of MET 5 days a week brought significantly improved body composition as well as physical performance

Escola, democracia e a construção de personalidades morais

This article intends to discuss the relationship between morality, democracy and education within the perspective of the complex thinking, pointing to paths and proposals for its effective implementation in the educational routine, under the conviction that this is an imperative of the new social demands presented to the contemporary schooling. Understanding that one of the purposes of education is the ethical development, the author proposes intentional actions such that through them the school practices can offer to the subjects of education the necessary tools to build their cognitive, affective, cultural, and organic competence, thereby enabling them to act morally in the world. To that effect, seven aspects of school reality that hamper or contribute to school democratization are identified and discussed, which must be understood from the paradigm of complexity: school contents, classroom methodology, the nature of interpersonal relationships, the values, self-esteem and self-knowledge of the school community, as well as the school management processes.

PREDIÇÃO DA ATIVIDADE DE ÁGUA E RELAÇÃO ENTRE A ATIVIDADE DE ÁGUA E A DEPRESSÃO DO PONTO DE CONGELAMENTO DE SUCOS DE FRUTAS

This work proposes to determine the water activity and the freezing point depression of tangerine, pineapple and lemon juices at various concentrations (10-55oBrix) and to achieve a correlation between these properties. The freezing point depression was determined with a LAKTRON cryoscope and common laboratory materials. The water activity was determined with a DECAGON CX-2 hygrometer in the temperature range of 15 to 30oC. With the results, the adjustment to CHEN (1987) water activity prediction equation to non-electrolyte mixtures was verified, through the calculation of the variation coefficient (CV). Being CV smaller than 3% for the proposed model, it can be said that the experimental data have adjusted well to the prediction equation. The water activity and the freezing point depression was correlated for tangerine, pineapple and lemon juices and r2 values were higher than 99%. Therefore, it is possible to obtain the water activity by knowing the freezing point depression of studied juices.

O papel da interação no processo de ensino-aprendizagem de português para alunos surdos em uma escola inclusiva

In this article, it is discussed the role of interaction in the process of teaching and learning Portuguese of deaf students at an inclusive school. In the context where the research took place, the hearing teacher does not understand sign language, and there are, in her classroom, hearing students and four deaf students, being three of them sign language users. As the communication between the hearing teacher and the deaf students occurred in different codes - Portuguese and Brazilian sign language - and having a social-interactional approach of language (MOITA LOPES, 1986; FREIRE, 1999), we observed if the interaction among the subjects enabled the deaf students to understand what was being taught. The results showed that the fact of having four deaf students in the same classroom allowed them to work in a cooperative way. Besides, the sign language became more visible in this institution. On the other hand, the interaction between the teacher and her deaf students revealed to be of little significance to the learning process of this small group.