Trajetória de vida dos pescadores vítimas de lesão medular por mergulho: experiências, representações sociais e estresse

Spinal cord injury causes permanent disabling manifestations, affecting the anatomic integrity, bodily changes and functional limitations related to the disability state. It was aimed to analyze the social representation, stress level and experiences of fishermen victims of spinal cord injury caused by diving accident in the Northern beaches of Brazil. It is a descriptive - exploratory study with quantitative, qualitative and representational data developed i n fishermen’s villages in nine beaches of Northern shore/RN, between October 2013 to August 2014, after the approval of the Ethics Committee in Research of the Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, under the number 431.891/2013, CAAE 20818913.0.0000 .5537. The sample was composed by 44 fishermen with spinal cord injury, defined from inclusion and exclusion criteria of the participants. It was used as instrument to collect the data a semi structured interview. Quantitative data was analyzed by descrip tive statistics, showing the data through table, boxes and graphics by Microsoft Excel. Data from interviews were submitted to the software called Analyse Lexicale par Contexte d’un Ensemble de Segments de Texte (ALCESTE) using the analysis of the Social R epresentation Theory and Center Core Theory. It is shown the outcomes of the research through four articles, following the normative recommendations of the journals. Participants of the study were all male, age mean 49,6 years, elementary school (68,2%), m arried (77,3%); paraplegia sequel (50,0%). Most of them showed stress (75,0%), almost in the exhaustion stage (33,3%), prevalent insomnia symptoms (95,5%) in the last hours; hypertension (97,7%) in the last week and sexual troubles (95,5%) in the last mont h). Decompressive illness caused spinal cord injury (57,1%), occurred prevalently in low summer (75,0%), northern shore (96,4%), having as main consequences the paresthesia and pain in the upper and lower limbs (67,9%), followed by death (25,0%). Interview analysis under the understanding of Social Representation of spinal cord injury allowed the appearance of seven categories: Treatment: limitation and expectative; Spinal Cord injury: before and after; Retirement: reality yet to come; Disability: dependenc y, incapacity, vulnerability; Overcoming and autonomy; Self feelings: physics losses and new start; Life and labor: impediments, plans and changes. The center core of the representation is found in the first category by the expectative and limitation on th e treatment, meanwhile the outskirt elements are in seventh and third categories. Physics limitation for fishing activities and retirement expectative is the most outstanding of the structure. Social representation concerning spinal cord injury is found in a transaction moment between before and after with the prevented fishing activity, coping of the situation with the potential remaining. The anchoring is established in the desire for changes related to the improvements of life and health conditions exper ienced day by day through faith. This study finishes pointing out the range of the objectives, which topic is relevant for public health of fishermen. It is suggested prevention measures, promotion and health recovery of fishermen, besides safe, healthy an d worthy conditions as a compromise of social and health politics.

Efeito agudo do exercício físico associado a praxias ideomotoras sobre as concentrações séricas de cortisol e memória declarativa em indivíduos com idade entre 51 e 74 anos

Introduction: Several modifications are identified as aging, causing more or less limitation imposed by over the years. Among these, one can highlight the different degrees of cognitive decline, particularly memory that can involve the daily activities and the subject functionality. Studies have shown an association between levels of serum cortisol and stress imposed by the exercise on this. However, there are few studies that references the performance on cognitive aspects of declarative memory and cortisol on the exercise in the water with automatic and práxicos movements and moderate. Objective: Check the effect based on the acute physical exercise and práxicos automatic movements on the performance of visual declarative memory and in serum cortisol in subjects aged between 51 and 74 years. Materials and Methods: It builds a survey characterized as cross with a first sample of 32 physically active subjects aged between 51 and 74 years, divided into two exercise groups (March of Automatic Group - MAG and the March of Praxis Group - MPG). We used a probabilistic and random sampling for sample selection. Used the MMSE (Mini Mental State Examination) to check the general cognitive status, visual acuity test - optotypes chart "E" Rasquin and was even used the declarative visual memory test proposed by Nitrini and collaborators (1994), applying before motor stimulation and immediately after, and the day of blood collection with 2 ml for analysis of cortisol hormone. The normality and homogeneity were verified from the Shapiro-Wilk and Levene tests. Thus we adopted a descriptive statistics to characterize the sample. The Split-Plot ANOVA was used along with the paired t-test to verify the identified differences. We adopted a significance level of p <0.05. Results: It was observed that the groups (MAG and MPG) and the anthropometric variables, perceived exertion, education, cognitive assessment and visual acuity showed no significant differences (p > 0.05), showing that the groups are homogeneous, with variables and similar means. After the stimulation session, lasting 30 min, it was observed that the amount of hits for Δ of declarative memory questionnaire visual images increased, presenting significant for both groups (MAG, p < 0.001; MPG, p = 0.042). The same was observed for cortisol concentration with a reduction in the levels immediately after the stimulus (MAG and MPG, p < 0.001). Conclusion: The results showed that the exercises proposed in its acute effect provide significantly memories of gains and also showed a reduction in cortisol levels.

Relação do polimorfismo BDNF val66met e níveis periféricos de BDNF com a doença de Parkinson e sua sintomatologia

Neurodegenerative diseases are frequently studied due to the increasing number of cases associated with the populational ageing and to the impact on the conditions on the quality of life. Parkinson’s disease (DP) is the second most frequent neurodegenerative disease. Despite the fact that its etiology is not completely understood, it is known that DP is caused by environmental and genetic factors. Thus, the investigation of etiologic factors and mechanisms responsible for the changes that lead to DP may help early diagnostic and prevention. A possible association between DP and the common polymorphism of Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) G196A (Val66Met) has been suggested by different studies with contrasting results. For this reason, the aim of this study is to investigate if the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism is related to susceptibility to DP in a cohort of Brazilian patients. Additionaly, we verify if the presence of the polymorphism implies in alterations in the BDNF whole blood concentrations, as well as variations in symptomatology. The sample comprised Brazilian patients accompanied by the neurology service of the Onofre Lopes University Hospital (HUOL) and healthy controls (CTRL). The motor aspects of DP were evaluated by Hoehn e Yahr Scale (HY), Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) and Schwab & England Scale (SE). For the evaluation of non-motor symptoms were used the following instruments: Frontal Assessment Battery (BAF), Mini-Mental State Examination (MEEM), Beck Depression Inventory (IDB) and the Beck Anxiety Inventory (IAB). Blood samples were collected for BDNF Val66Met polymorphism genotyping and BDNF whole blood measurement. As expected, DP patients performed worse in motor, cognitive and emotional battery of questionnaires. Alleles distribution between DP and CTRL was not significantly different, but the A/G genotype was significantly associated with a protector factor for DP. In contrast, the G/G genotype was significantly associated with depression and anxiety development in DP patients. However, BDNF concentrations were not different between genotypes or groups. This is the first study of genetic association of this polymorphism with DP in Brazilian subjects and the first one that associate A/G genotype with protection against DP.

Síndrome de Guillain-Barré: epidemiologia, prognóstico e fatores de risco

Introduction. Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is an immune-mediated polyneuropathy and the principal cause of acute neuromuscular paralysis. The most prominent GBS subtypes are: acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (AIDP), acute motor axonal neuropathy (AMAN), acute motor-sensory axonal neuropathy (AMSAN) and Fisher syndrome (FS). Differences in geographical distribution of variants have been reported. In Brazil, there are few studies describing the characteristics of GBS, but none on the frequency of GBS variants and their clinical manifestations. Infection-induced aberrant immune response resulting from molecular mimicry and formation of cross-reacting antibodies, contribute to complement activation. Functional biallelic polymorphism in immunoglobulin receptors that influence the affinity of IgG subclasses and the type of immune response have been described, suggesting genetic susceptibility to developing disease. It remains unclear whether individuals carrying different FCGR alleles have differential risk for GBS and⁄or disease severity. The goals of this study were: (1) To characterize GBS and describe the clinical findings in a cohort of patients with GBS from the state of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil; (2) to determine whether polymorphism in FCGR were associated with development of GBS, and (3) to tease out whether the global gene expression studies could be a tool to identify pathways and transcriptional networks which could be regulated and decrease the time of disease. Methods. Clinical and laboratory data for 149 cases of GBS diagnosed from 1994 to 2013 were analyzed. Genomic DNA and total RNA were extracted from whole blood. Antigangliosides antibodies were determined in the sera. In addition, we also assessed whether FCGR polymorphism are present in GBS (n=141) and blood donors (n=364), and global gene expressions were determined for 12 participants with GBS. Blood samples were collected at the diagnosis and post-recovery. Results. AIDP was the most frequent variant (81.8%) of GBS, followed by AMAN (14.7%) and AMSAN (3.3%). The incidence of GBS was 0.3 ⁄ 100,000 people for the state of Rio Grande do Norte and cases occurred at a younger age. GBS was preceded by infections, with the axonal variant associated with episodes of diarrhea (P = 0.025). Proximal weakness was more frequent in AIDP, and distal weakness predominant in the axonal variant. Compared to 42.4% of cases with AIDP (P<0.0001), 84.6% of cases with the axonal variant had nadir in <10 days. Individuals with the axonal variant took longer to recover deambulation (P<0.0001). The mortality of GBS was 5.3%. A worse outcome was related to an axonal variant (OR17.063; P=0.03) and time required to improve one point in the Hughes functional scale (OR 1.028; P=0.03). The FCGR genotypes and allele frequencies did not differ significantly between the patients with GBS and the controls (FCGR2A p=0.367 and FCGR3A p=0.2430). Global gene expression using RNAseq showed variation in transcript coding for protein isoforms during acute phase of disease. Conclusions. The annual incidence of GBS was 0.3 per 100,00 and there was no seasonal pattern. A predominance of the AIDP variant was seen, and the incidence of the disease decreased with age. The distribution of weakness is a function of the clinical variants, and individuals with the axonal variant had a poorer prognosis. Early diagnosis and variant identification leads to proper intervention decreasing in long-term morbidity. FCGR polymorphisms do not seem to influence susceptibility to GBS in this population. This study found deregulated genes and signs of transcriptional network alterations during the acute and recovery phases in GBS. Identification of pathways altered during disease might be target for immune regulation and with potential to ameliorate symptoms.

Mecanismos de sincronia social no ritmo circadiano de atividade durante a coabitação em casais de saguis (Callithrix jacchus)

In marmosets, it was observed that the synchrony among circadian activity profiles of animals that cohabite in family groups is stronger than those of the same sex and age of different families. Inside the group, it is stronger between the younger ones than between them and their parents. However, the mechanisms involved in the social synchrony are unknown. With the aim to investigate the synchronization mechanisms involved in the synchrony between the circadian activity profiles during cohabitation in pairs of marmosets, the motor activity was continuously registered by the use of actmeters on three dyads. The pairs were maintained in two different conditions of illumination: light-dark cycle LD 12:12 (LD cohabitation I – 21 days), and thereafter in LL (~350 lux). Under LL, the pairs were submitted to four experimental situations: 1. Cohabitation (LLJ I – 24 days), 2. Removal of one member of the pair to another room with similar conditions (LLS I – 20 days), 3. Reintroduction of the separated member in the cage of the first situation (LLJ II – 30 days) and 4. Removal of a member from each pair to another experimental room (LLS II – 7 days), to evaluate the mechanisms of synchronization. Ultimately, the members of each pair were reintroduced in the cage and were kept in LD cycle 12:12 (LDJ II – 11 days). The rhythms of pairs free-ran in LL, with identical periods between the members of each pair during the two stages of cohabitation. In the stages in which the animals were separated, only the rhythms of two females free-ran in the first stage and of three animals in the second one. In those conditions, the rhythms of animals of each pair showed different endogenous periods. Besides, during cohabitation in LD and LL, the members of each pair showed a stable phase relationship in the beginning of the active phase, while in the stages in which the animals were separated it was noticed a breaking in the stability in the phase relationships between the circadian activity profiles, with an increase in the difference in the phase angles between them. During cohabitation, at the transition between LD and LL, all animals showed free-running rhythms anticipating progressively the beginning and the end of the active phase in a phase similar to the previous condition, showing signs of entrainment to the previous LD. While in the posterior stages this was observed in only three animals between: LLT I and LLS I, and LLT II and LLS II, evidencing signs of entrainment to social cues between the members of each pair. On the other hand, one animal delayed progressively between LLT I and LLS I, three animals delayed between LLS I and LLT II, and three animals between LLT II and LLS II, perhaps by entrainment to the animals maintained outdoors in the colony. Similar process was observed in four animals between LLS II and LDT II, indicating entrainment to LD. In the transition between LLS I and LLT II, signs of masking was observed in the rhythm of a female in response to the male and in another pair in the rhythm of the male in regard to that of the female. The general and maximum correlations in the circadian activity profiles were stronger during cohabitation in LD and LL than in the absence of social contact in LL, evidencing the social effect. The cohabiting pairs had higher values of the maximum correlation in LD and LL than when the profiles were correlated to animals of different cages, with same or different sexes. Similar results were observed in the general correlation. Therefore, it is suggested that cohabitation induces a strong synchrony between circadian activity profiles in marmosets, which involves entrainment and masking. Nevertheless, additional studies are necessary to evaluate the effect of social cues on the synchronization of the circadian rhythm in pairs of marmosets in the absence of external social cues in order to confirm this hypothesis.

Observação da ação na reabilitação do membro superior de pacientes com acidente vascular cerebral: uma revisão sistemática com metanálise

Background: stroke causes long-term impairments, limitation of activities and restriction in participation in daily life situations, especially for upper limb impairment (UL). Action Observation (AO) has been used for the rehabilitation of UL in these patients. It's a multisensory therapy which consists in observing a healthy subject performing a motor task, followed by physical practice. Objectives: assess whether the AO improves motor function of UL and dependence for activities of daily living (ADLs) of stroke patients or cause any adverse effects. Search methods: a search strategy was words and terms used for the identification of articles, in the following scientific basis Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials; MEDLINE; PsycINFO; CINAHL and LILACS. In addition to manual search of the references of articles and search for theses and dissertations in Portal Capes and LILACS. The identification of the studies was conducted from October to December 2015, being the last search on December 3. Selection criteria: randomised controlled trials (RCT) involving adults with stroke who had deficits in upper limb function and used AO as an intervention. Data collection and analysis: the data extracted from the studies were used to analyze the risk of bias, the effect of the treatment and the quality of the body of evidence. Main results: 6 studies were included, totaling 270 patients. The primary outcome analyzed was the motor function of MS. Were combined in meta-analyzes studies comparing AO versus placebo or an active control, considering the immediate and long-term effect (n=241). Regarding the motor function of the arm (5 trials), the estimated effect for the therapy was not significant. However, when considering the hand function estimating the effect was favorable to the group that conducted the AO, in short (mean difference = 6.93, 95% CI 1.48 to 12.39; P = 0.01) and long-term (mean difference = 7.57; 95% CI 1.34 the 13.80; p = 0.02). Unable to perform the analysis for functional dependency. The studies showed a low or uncertain risk of bias, but the quality of evidence the body was considered low and very low quality. Authors’ conclusions: AO was effective in improving hand function of stroke patients. Despite the low quality evidence that the use of OA in clinical practice should not be discouraged. RCT new studies should be conducted with greater methodological rigor and larger samples, covering important outcomes such as functional dependence for ADLs.

Múltiplos fluxos ópticos e o processamento atentivo da informação visual

The environment in which we live in, we constantly deal with a huge amount of dynamic information, thus, attention is an indispensable cognitive resource that allows an effective selection of stimuli for our survival. From this, investigating how we process our encouragement in movements and how the attention spreads into a space to serve more than one stimuli simultanously is something very important. The behavioural urgence hipothesis suggests that the encouragement in a movement of approaching shows a certain priority in the process related to objects which are in a movement away, but there are researches that point out that it might not happen in an attentive phase, but instead as a priorization of motor response. There are also many controversies found in researches about attentive focalization, in which some studies suggest that the focus of attention would work in a similar manner to a zoom lens, while some searches indicate that the focus of attention could be shared to answer some stimuli in non contiguous regions. This study tried to investigate through two experiments the effect of attentive priorization by encouragement in movements and how the attention is spread with distractors stimuli. The first experiment investigated if the amount of moving flows really influenced in the process of information. The results indicate an effect of priorization of the flows guided in relation to aleatory ones and also from the unique flow due to dual flow. The second experiment investigated how the distribution of attention is in a space with the use of flows as an exogenous cue. The results indicate that the focus of attention works as the one suggested in the zoom lens model.

Ensino colaborativo e educação física: contribuições à inclusão escolar

In Brazil, special education public is a challenge to all teachers, especially to Physical Education ones. Among others, it encompasses students with disabilities, students with intellectual giftedness, and students with pervasive developmental disorder. Besides posing challenges, the inclusion process causes worry and generates debates on problems that impede the full partaking of such pupils in schooling practices related to physical education. This thesis presents a research that focused on these matters by means of co-working involving the researcher and the Physical Education teacher in regular classrooms following co-teaching perspective. The starting point of the research is the following question: what contributions co-working involving Physical Education teacher and researcher may provide to people with disabilities and to Physical Education teacher in regular schools attended by students who are the special education’s target? The research aimed at discussing and analyzing the development of such co-working activity involving the researcher and Physical Education teacher. It followed co-teaching perspective and was put into practice in a public school in Uberlândia, state of Minas Gerais. Participant qualitative approach, which recognizes relations between social sciences and intervention in social reality, was the methodological choice to develop the research in three phases: 1) making the research; 2) intervening in social reality; 3) assessing/diagnosing it. Strategies to gather data included semi structured interview, questionnaire, participant observation, and group interview. Data come, above all, from oral accounts as well as from the work by the group of participants of the research, which means, researcher, Physical Education teacher who works at regular schools and three teachers who deal with AEE (Atendimento Educacional Especial), a special educational teaching program. The concept of inclusion is discussed accordingly to authors such as Miranda (2001), Mantoan (2001), Duarte and Santos (2003), Mittler (2003), Rodrigues (2006), and Bueno (2008). The conception of co-working is developed in the light of studies by Capellini (2004) and Mendes (2009), among others. Results point out not only initial conditions of anguish, doubts and hardships, but also a will to debate difficulties Physical Education teachers face in their daily pedagogical activities at school. Likewise, results showed that teachers who took part in the research are interested in continuing their training in connection with co-teaching as strategy to teach physical education at inclusive schools.

Configurações para métodos de acesso por escaneamento

The use of access technologies for communication, based on scanning methods, enables new communication opportunities for individuals with severe motor dysfunction. One of the most commom examples of this type of technology is the single switch scanning. Single switch scanning keyboards are often used as augmentative and alternative communication devices for inidividuals with severe mobility restrictions and with compromised speech and writing. They consist of a matrix of keys and simulate the operation of a physical keyboard to write messages. One of the limitations of these systems is their low performance. Low communication rates and considerable errors ocurrence are some of the few problems that users of these devices suffers during daily use. The development and evaluation of new strategies in augmentative and alternative communication are essential to improve the communication opportunities of user who make use of such technology. Thus, this work explores different strategies to increase communication rate and reduce user’s mistakes. Computational and practical analysis were performed for the evaluation of proposed strategies.

Desenvolvimento de um exoesqueleto para movimentação/reabilita-ção de paraplégicos

People bedridden by paralysis/motor disability are subject to several problems due to lack of movement. Then, it is necessary to use equipments that enable the people bedridden stand up and walk, so as to reduce the problems due to lack of movement and the time of rehabilitation, impacting directly on its quality of life. The aim of this work is the development of an exoskeleton to make the movement of people with paralysis / motor impairment in the lower limbs, without help of third parties, to be activated by the user. To provide support, stability and security to the deficient, it was decided to use a structure formed by four legs, being each leg consisting of a parallel chain. The gait was obtained by combining the movement of two mechanisms: crank/rocker, responsible for oscillatory motion of the leg, and cam/follower, responsible for the foot motion on the desired trajectory. To achieve the aim of this work was conducted a study about the types of exoskeletons for locomotion/rehabilitation of people with lower limb paralysis and presented a study on the movement of the lower limb joints. It also presented a mathematical model to obtain the desired path to the foot of the exoskeleton, the static model and the design of the structure elements. In the sequence is presented the simulation of movements of a people during the human gait, experimental tests and the comparison with the human gait developed by a people without disabilities.

Análisis mediante acelerometría del patrón locomotor, tras la administración de morfina con o sin acepromacina, en el caballo

Los opiáceos producen una serie de efectos farmacológicos en los caballos entre los cuales destaca la analgesia, ejercida principalmente sobre el sistema nervioso central. No obstante, también producen otros efectos no deseados como son sedación, excitación, depresión cardio-respiratoria, disminución de la motilidad gastrointestinal, aumento de la actividad motora, leve hipertermia y, en dosis crecientes, sueño profundo y coma. El representante principal de este grupo farmacológico es la morfina, la cual ejerce un efecto analgésico muy potente en esta especie animal, haciendo que su uso sea de gran interés en la clínica equina. Actualmente, uno de los usos clínicos más interesantes de la morfina es el tratamiento del dolor ortopédico severo en el caballo. Sin embargo, el principal inconveniente es que la morfina también da lugar a las reacciones adversas generales de los opiáceos destacando las producidas sobre la actividad motora (marcha compulsiva), por lo que su uso estaría contraindicado en animales con problemas músculo esqueléticos que requieran guardar reposo. Estos efectos adversos indeseados, así como la ausencia relativa de evidencia con respecto a la producción de analgesia en caballos con enfermedades que se producen de manera natural hacen que su utilización sea más limitada y exista controversia en lo que respecta a su eficacia y uso clínico. Para controlar o prevenir los efectos indeseados de los opiáceos, éstos se pueden administrar dentro de un protocolo de neuroleptoanalgesia, es decir, administrar de manera conjunta un neuroléptico (tranquilizante o sedante) y un analgésico opioide. Esta combinación farmacológica permite reducir la excitación que producen los opiáceos, por lo que supone una buena alternativa en aquellos pacientes que requieran un efecto analgésico potente y en los que queramos evitar el riesgo que suponen algunos efectos adversos de los opiáceos...

Velocidad de anticipación y trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad

Resulta innegable que la conducción de vehículos constituye, en sí, el ejercicio de una actividad multitarea compleja. De manera tal que, quien quisiera ejecutarla, deberá poseer determinadas aptitudes psíquicas y físicas que aseguren, en todo momento, el mantenimiento de óptimas condiciones de seguridad. Por un lado, los datos de investigación, así como las estadísticas de siniestralidad vial, indican que son varios factores los que inclinan la balanza hacia una mayor propensión de conductas de riesgo en la conducción por parte de los adolescentes: la combinación de inmadurez e inexperiencia, no utilizar el cinturón de seguridad, acelerar o conducir demasiado rápido, el alto consumo de tecnología mientras conducen, etc. Por otro lado, la distracción y la inatención son factores humanos concurrentes en los accidentes de tráfico. Se ha considerado abordar la distracción y la inatención como aspectos continuos e inherentes a la persona bajo el Trastorno por Déficit de Atención e Hiperactividad (TDAH). Catalogado como un trastorno que se manifiesta por presentar dificultades crónicas para mantener la concentración (déficit de atención), sobre todo en circunstancias que ofrecen baja estimulación, y la falta de inhibición/control sobre los impulsos asociada con frecuencia a inquietud motora (impulsividad-hiperactividad) y que interfieren, visiblemente, en el desarrollo del individuo y, con un papel muy notorio, en los ámbitos clínico, social, asistencial, académico y, por supuesto, seguridad vial. Apenas se conoce la sensibilidad/capacidad de la prueba psicotécnica, velocidad de anticipación, utilizada en los Centros de Reconocimiento de Conductores para la obtención o renovación del carné de conducir en España, como instrumento para detectar sujetos con TDAH. El objetivo del presente estudio es comparar el desempeño en la prueba psicotécnica que mide la velocidad de anticipación, a través del Test KCC, en una muestra de 173 sujetos, niños y adolescentes, de ambos sexos, entre los 7 y 16 años con y sin TDAH y, si otras variables, como el sexo, la edad, el índice de reflexividad/impulsividad (a través del Test de Stroop) y el potencial de aprendizaje (medido con el Test TONI-2) también influyen. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que no existen diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre niños y adolescentes con o sin TDAH para las variables de velocidad de anticipación, edad, sexo e índice de reflexividad/impulsividad. Sin embargo, si se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en relación al potencial de aprendizaje (CI) y la medida, velocidad de anticipación. Se recomienda efectuar estudios confirmatorios e investigaciones que repliquen y evalúen estas variables.

Relatório de estágio realizado na creche de Santa Casa da Misericórdia de Ansião

O trabalho que se apresenta pretende refletir as aprendizagens realizadas no âmbito da prática educativa de atividade física do Mestrado de Desporto e Saúde para Crianças e Jovens e em particular no âmbito do estágio curricular. Nele se apresentam modelos descritivos dessa experiência, bem como a reflexão fundamentada teoricamente e complementada com revisão bibliográfica sobre a Atividade Física (AF). A AF é um fator de prevenção de uma série de doenças associadas ao sedentarismo. A infância e a juventude são consideradas etapas fundamentais para a promoção de estilos de vida ativos que se mantenham por toda a vida. O relatório procura espelhar a relação entre teoria e prática, uma vez que foi possível aplicar e reconstruir no decorrer do estágio os conhecimentos que se adquiriram durante o percurso académico, enriquecendo, não só a nível profissional, mas também pessoal. O trabalho desenvolvido no estágio incidiu na participação ativa num processo de planificação e atuação de aulas de expressão motora, com autonomia progressiva orientada pelo professor responsável por esta área educativa na instituição. Com estas aulas pretendeu-se potenciar o desenvolvimento motor nas crianças por via do treino das capacidades e habilidades motoras, sem nunca perder a ligação a outras áreas do conhecimento (transdisciplinaridade) e favorecendo a componente social da motricidade.

Adaptação e validação da escala GenCat de calidade de vida para a população adulta portuguesa com deficiência

Para melhorar o apoio social prestado às pessoas com deficiência em Portugal, urge perceber como esta população perceciona a própria Qualidade de Vida (QV). Este trabalho tem como objetivos: adaptar e validar a escala Gencat de Calidade de vida à população portuguesa adulta com deficiência; estudar como se manifesta a Qualidade de Vida na população portuguesa adulta com deficiência; analisar a relação de QV com algumas variáveis socio demográficas da população portuguesa adulta com deficiência, tipos de incapacidades e gravidade da amostra. A escala Gencat foi aplicada a 303 pessoas com perturbações motoras, sensitivas e/ou do desenvolvimento. Foi realizada a caraterização sociodemográfica do informador e da pessoa avaliada e a caracterização da gravidade da perturbação sofrida. O estudo psicométrico resultou numa escala de 54 itens e 8 domínios: Autodeterminação, Suporte Institucional, Satisfação Ocupacional, Bem-Estar Emocional, Inclusão Social, Condições Habitacionais e Comunitárias, Auto-eficácia e Bem-estar Físico. A escala apresenta boas propriedades psicométricas. A idade está inversamente correlacionada com as dimensões apoio institucional e bemestar físico da escala de Gencat. A população analfabeta apresenta menor QV global, nomeadamente na autodeterminação, suporte institucional, inclusão social e bem-estar físico. As pessoas institucionalizadas relativamente às que vivem em contexto familiar apresentam valores mais baixos de QV, nomeadamente na autodeterminação, suporte institucional, inclusão social e auto-eficácia, mas apresentam pontuações melhores condições habitacionais e comunitárias. O grau de incapacidade e a intensidade das perturbações cognitiva, motora, autismo e cegueira correlaciona-se inversamente com a QV, nomeadamente na autodeterminação, no suporte institucional, na inclusão social e o bem-estar físico.

Promoção do desenvolvimento cognitivo em idosos com a doença de Alzheimer – as práticas e os contextos de estruturas residenciais para idosos

O crescimento da fatia da população com idade superior a 65 anos tem levado a uma maior atenção sobre as consequências sociais, económicas, políticas, principalmente nos países desenvolvidos. O estudo que se apresenta é uma abordagem predominantemente qualitativa e tem características descritivas. Pretendemos conhecer de que forma as estruturas residenciais para idosos promovem o desenvolvimento cognitivo em idosos com a doença de Alzheimer através de atividades de estimulação cognitiva. Foram realizadas entrevistas em profundidade aos técnicos responsáveis por quatro estruturas residenciais de idosos (ERPI), da zona centro de Portugal e os dados recolhidos foram triangulados com a análise documental e a observação naturalista realizada pela investigadora, dado que desenvolve a sua atividade profissional neste contexto Os resultados revelam que as estruturas residenciais para idosos estão sensíveis à importância de criar momentos de estimulação cognitivas para idosos com a doença de Alzheimer. Esta tarefa está dificultada não só pela lacuna na formação específica dos técnicos, como também pelo aumento de utentes com estas e outras necessidades, condicionando a ação individualizada destes técnicos. As estruturas residenciais para idosos, consideram que é necessário fazer uma adaptação do processo de institucionalização quando se trata de um utente com esta demência. Existe também uma grande preocupação em manter a capacidade motora, estimulação cognitiva, mantendo assim por mais tempo as capacidades de cada idoso por forma a ter uma melhor qualidade de vida e autonomia.