Global methylation state at base-pair resolution of the Caulobacter genome throughout the cell cycle.

The Caulobacter DNA methyltransferase CcrM is one of five master cell-cycle regulators. CcrM is transiently present near the end of DNA replication when it rapidly methylates the adenine in hemimethylated GANTC sequences. The timing of transcription of two master regulator genes and two cell division genes is controlled by the methylation state of GANTC sites in their promoters. To explore the global extent of this regulatory mechanism, we determined the methylation state of the entire chromosome at every base pair at five time points in the cell cycle using single-molecule, real-time sequencing. The methylation state of 4,515 GANTC sites, preferentially positioned in intergenic regions, changed progressively from full to hemimethylation as the replication forks advanced. However, 27 GANTC sites remained unmethylated throughout the cell cycle, suggesting that these protected sites could participate in epigenetic regulatory functions. An analysis of the time of activation of every cell-cycle regulatory transcription start site, coupled to both the position of a GANTC site in their promoter regions and the time in the cell cycle when the GANTC site transitions from full to hemimethylation, allowed the identification of 59 genes as candidates for epigenetic regulation. In addition, we identified two previously unidentified N(6)-methyladenine motifs and showed that they maintained a constant methylation state throughout the cell cycle. The cognate methyltransferase was identified for one of these motifs as well as for one of two 5-methylcytosine motifs.

Antibody levels against GLURP R2, MSP1 block 2 hybrid and AS202.11 and the risk of malaria in children living in hyperendemic (Burkina Faso) and hypo-endemic (Ghana) areas.

Differences in parasite transmission intensity influence the process of acquisition of host immunity to Plasmodium falciparum malaria and ultimately, the rate of malaria related morbidity and mortality. Potential vaccines being designed to complement current intervention efforts therefore need to be evaluated against different malaria endemicity backgrounds. The associations between antibody responses to the chimeric merozoite surface protein 1 block 2 hybrid (MSP1 hybrid), glutamate-rich protein region 2 (GLURP R2) and the peptide AS202.11, and the risk of malaria were assessed in children living in malaria hyperendemic (Burkina Faso, n = 354) and hypo-endemic (Ghana, n = 209) areas. Using the same reagent lots and standardized protocols for both study sites, immunoglobulin (Ig) M, IgG and IgG sub-class levels to each antigen were measured by ELISA in plasma from the children (aged 6-72 months). Associations between antibody levels and risk of malaria were assessed using Cox regression models adjusting for covariates. There was a significant association between GLURP R2 IgG3 and reduced risk of malaria after adjusting age of children in both the Burkinabe (hazard ratio 0.82; 95 % CI 0.74-0.91, p < 0.0001) and the Ghanaian (HR 0.48; 95 % CI 0.25-0.91, p = 0.02) cohorts. MSP1 hybrid IgM was associated (HR 0.85; 95 % CI 0.73-0.98, p = 0.02) with reduced risk of malaria in Burkina Faso cohort while IgG against AS202.11 in the Ghanaian children was associated with increased risk of malaria (HR 1.29; 95 % CI 1.01-1.65, p = 0.04). These findings support further development of GLURP R2 and MSP1 block 2 hybrid, perhaps as a fusion vaccine antigen targeting malaria blood stage that can be deployed in areas of varying transmission intensity.

Suomen tiekartta Vägkarta över Finland / upprättad å lantmäteristyrelsen (11 /)

1 kartta :, vär. ;, 50 x 88 cm, kansi 26 x 12 cm, 1:400000

[Recueil.] Bal masqué du 11 février 1888

Collectionneur : Sirot, Georges (1898-1977)

11/3/20, Parc des Princes, M. Deschanel assiste au match [de rugby] armée française contre armée anglaise [vue sur la tribune] : [photographie de presse] / [Agence Rol]

Référence bibliographique : Rol, 58448

11/3/20, Parc des Princes, rugby, armée française contre armée anglaise [vue sur la foule] : [photographie de presse] / [Agence Rol]

Référence bibliographique : Rol, 58449

11/3/20, Parc des Princes, rugby, armée française contre armée anglaise : [photographie de presse] / [Agence Rol]

Référence bibliographique : Rol, 58452

11/3/20, Parc des Princes, avant le match [de rugby], M. Deschanel devant l'équipe [de l']armée anglaise : [photographie de presse] / [Agence Rol]

Référence bibliographique : Rol, 58454

11/3/20, Parc des Princes, [rugby], M. Deschanel et l'équipe [de l']armée française : [photographie de presse] / [Agence Rol]

Référence bibliographique : Rol, 58455

11/3/20, Parc des Princes, rugby, l'équipe [de l']armée anglaise : [photographie de presse] / [Agence Rol]

Référence bibliographique : Rol, 58456

11/3/20, Parc des Princes, rugby, l'équipe [de l']armée anglaise : [photographie de presse] / [Agence Rol]

Référence bibliographique : Rol, 58457

11/3/20, Parc des Princes, rugby, équipe [de l']armée française : [photographie de presse] / [Agence Rol]

Référence bibliographique : Rol, 58458