Análisis de la aplicación del modelo de Bachillerato en Ciencias propuesto por la Universidad Andina Simón Bolívar en el Colegio Fiscal Juan Montalvo del cantón Machala

Mediante el presente trabajo investigativo se analizó el proceso de aplicación parcial del Modelo de Bachillerato en Ciencias, centrado en el micro currículo, propuesto por la Universidad Andina Simón Bolívar en el Colegio Fiscal Juan Montalvo del Cantón Machala, desde el año lectivo 2004-2005 hasta el 2011-2012. Este proceso generó en la institución una restructuración curricular, pedagógica y administrativa cuyo propósito fue el de mejorar la educación que ofrecemos a nuestros estudiantes. En lo curricular, el título que otorgaba la institución fue el de Bachiller en Ciencias; la organización del régimen escolar se la hizo por quimestre como lo proponía la universidad; el colegio estructuró su propia malla curricular, para lo cual tuvo que reprogramar algunas asignaturas. En lo pedagógico, se implementó el Modelo Educativo Constructivista, en el que el estudiante es protagonista de la construcción de su propio conocimiento, teniendo al profesor como guía o facilitador de aprendizajes significativos; de igual manera, se consideró los tres ámbitos de aprendizaje: conceptual, procedimental y actitudinal. En lo administrativo, el cambio más significativo fue la creación de la Comisión de Innovación Curricular, esta comisión tenía la responsabilidad de liderar, supervisar y garantizar el éxito del proceso de aplicación de la propuesta curricular del colegio contemplada en su PEI. Finalmente, se exponen los resultados de la investigación de campo, las lecciones aprendidas, las conclusiones y recomendaciones del trabajo realizado.

El entretejido de una literatura boliviana andina desde las novelas Felipe Delgado de Jaime Saenz y Cuando Sara Chura despierte de Juan Pablo Piñeiro (Dossier: Literaturas de la integración, el Sur y su diversidad)

Este ensayo parte por establecer ciertas características de lo que podría ser una literatura boliviana andina. En este sentido, el propósito es señalar algunos componentes ficcionales de este tipo de narrativa a partir del entretejido textual que ofrecen novelas como Felipe Delgado de Jaime Saenz y Cuando Sara Chura despierte de Juan Pablo Piñeiro. Este entretejido localiza las dimensiones de tensión y ruptura que construyen los personajes al interior de cada texto. Saenz y Piñeiro configuran el marco festivo de las almas para conectarlas a realidades superpuestas o de otros lados del mundo interior de los personajes. Es cuando, en consonancia con el mundo interior, irrumpe el mundo paralelo de los seres extraños, ancestros y sombras. Desde la lógica andina, es la irrupción de personas y seres que se comunican para restablecer realidades invisibles y lugares marginales sagrados. Son mundos, cuerpos, memorias y temporalidades que interactúan para dar cuenta de la dimensión existencial andina entre los lugares de la fiesta del Gran Poder, una de las más celebradas en La Paz.

La representación de la otredad en las películas La nación clandestina de Jorge Sanjinés y Zona sur de Juan Carlos Valdivia en tiempos de nación y plurinacionalidad

La presente investigación es un estudio comparativo de las películas La Nación Clandestina, dirigida por Jorge Sanjinés y emitida a finales de los años 80, y Zona Sur de Juan Carlos Valdivia, emitida por el año 2009. En ambos casos se analizan los elementos de discurso para poder encontrar las principales temáticas, así como se recurre al análisis fílmico para indagar en aspectos implícitos en las escenas de ambos films con el propósito de identificar la Otredad, sus dimensiones y las características de los personajes Otros. Al mismo tiempo, se estudió sucesos históricos del contexto social y político de Bolivia en los momentos que son reflejados en estas ficciones. La vinculación con la cronología de la inserción del cine en ese país, también explicará el porqué de la elección de ambas producciones para ser el objeto de estudio de la presente tesis. Los resultados de este proceso de observación, indagación y reflexión develaron la trasformación del Otro en algunos niveles, y la conservación de la Otredad en otros, por ello, es pertinente recalcar que dicha la Otredad fue analizada en los niveles: étnico, de clase, de género y sexualidad. Los principales cambios que se observan en lo étnico y en el plano de clase social, siendo que en las otras dos categorías, aún se ven ciertos matices que develan un estado de quietud y de no transformación.

La locura femenina en tres novelas latinoamericanas: Pedro Páramo de Juan Rulfo, Nadie me verá llorar de Cristina Rivera Garza y Delirio de Laura Restrepo

La locura femenina y su representación literaria es un tópico en el que recaen una serie de imaginarios, sentidos y formas sobre la subjetividad femenina que dan cuenta de una tradición literaria y de unas tensiones identitarias que están en permanente (re)configuración alrededor de un sistema patriarcal-heternomativo2. El personaje loco como imagen del desvarío y el desorden entraña distintas formas de violencia en tanto sujetos que transgreden las normas de feminidad, masculinidad y sexualidad hegemónicos, asimismo, unas posibilidades de subversión del orden y del “deber ser” femenino que posibilitan el detenimiento en el lugar que se concede al cuerpo, de las opciones de vida y de la toma de conciencia del lugar en el mundo. El presente artículo se detiene en los personajes de Susana en Pedro Páramo (1955) de Juan Rulfo, Matilda en Nadie me verá llorar (1999) de Cristina Rivera Garza y Agustina en Delirio (2004) de Laura Restrepo, con la finalidad de hacer un seguimiento sobre los avatares, tensiones, devenires, formas de violencia y trasgresiones femeninas que en el marco de la locura se despliega.

Identification of Putative Wintering Areas and Ecological Determinants of Population Dynamics of Common House-Martin (Delichon urbicum) and Common Swift (Apus apus) Breeding in Northern Italy

To identify the causes of population decline in migratory birds, researchers must determine the relative influence of environmental changes on population dynamics while the birds are on breeding grounds, wintering grounds, and en route between the two. This is problematic when the wintering areas of specific populations are unknown. Here, we first identified the putative wintering areas of Common House-Martin (Delichon urbicum) and Common Swift (Apus apus) populations breeding in northern Italy as those areas, within the wintering ranges of these species, where the winter Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), which may affect winter survival, best predicted annual variation in population indices observed in the breeding grounds in 1992–2009. In these analyses, we controlled for the potentially confounding effects of rainfall in the breeding grounds during the previous year, which may affect reproductive success; the North Atlantic Oscillation Index (NAO), which may account for climatic conditions faced by birds during migration; and the linear and squared term of year, which account for nonlinear population trends. The areas thus identified ranged from Guinea to Nigeria for the Common House-Martin, and were located in southern Ghana for the Common Swift. We then regressed annual population indices on mean NDVI values in the putative wintering areas and on the other variables, and used Bayesian model averaging (BMA) and hierarchical partitioning (HP) of variance to assess their relative contribution to population dynamics. We re-ran all the analyses using NDVI values at different spatial scales, and consistently found that our population of Common House-Martin was primarily affected by spring rainfall (43%–47.7% explained variance) and NDVI (24%–26.9%), while the Common Swift population was primarily affected by the NDVI (22.7%–34.8%). Although these results must be further validated, currently they are the only hypotheses about the wintering grounds of the Italian populations of these species, as no Common House-Martin and Common Swift ringed in Italy have been recovered in their wintering ranges.

Endothelin-converting enzyme-1 regulates trafficking and signalling of the neurokinin 1 receptor in endosomes of myenteric neurones

Neuropeptide signalling at the plasma membrane is terminated by neuropeptide degradation by cell-surface peptidases, and by beta-arrestin-dependent receptor desensitization and endocytosis. However, receptors continue to signal from endosomes by beta-arrestin-dependent processes, and endosomal sorting mediates recycling and resensitization of plasma membrane signalling. The mechanisms that control signalling and trafficking of receptors in endosomes are poorly defined. We report a major role for endothelin-converting enzyme-1 (ECE-1) in controlling substance P (SP) and the neurokinin 1 receptor (NK(1)R) in endosomes of myenteric neurones. ECE-1 mRNA and protein were expressed by myenteric neurones of rat and mouse intestine. SP (10 nM, 10 min) induced interaction of NK(1)R and beta-arrestin at the plasma membrane, and the SP-NK(1)R-beta-arrestin signalosome complex trafficked by a dynamin-mediated mechanism to ECE-1-containing early endosomes, where ECE-1 can degrade SP. After 120 min, NK(1)R recycled from endosomes to the plasma membrane. ECE-1 inhibitors (SM-19712, PD-069185) and the vacuolar H(+)ATPase inhibitor bafilomycin A(1), which prevent endosomal SP degradation, suppressed NK(1)R recycling by >50%. Preincubation of neurones with SP (10 nM, 5 min) desensitized Ca(2+) transients to a second SP challenge after 10 min, and SP signals resensitized after 60 min. SM-19712 inhibited NK(1)R resensitization by >90%. ECE-1 inhibitors also caused sustained SP-induced activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases, consistent with stabilization of the SP-NK(1)R-beta-arrestin signalosome. By degrading SP and destabilizing endosomal signalosomes, ECE-1 has a dual role in controlling endocytic signalling and trafficking of the NK(1)R: promoting resensitization of G protein-mediated plasma membrane signalling, and terminating beta-arrestin-mediated endosomal signalling.

Bridging the gap between research and practice in organizational network analysis: a conversation between Rob Cross and Martin Kilduff

The article features a conversation between Rob Cross and Martin Kilduff about organizational network analysis in research and practice. It demonstrates the value of using social network perspectives in HRM. Drawing on the discussion about managing personal networks; managing the networks of others; the impact of social networking sites on perceptions of relationships; and ethical issues in organizational network analysis, we propose specific suggestions to bring social network perspectives closer to HRM researchers and practitioners and rebalance our attention to people and to their relationships.

Building from scratch a marketing services giant by acquisition: case study and interview with Sir Martin Sorrell, Chief Executive of WPP

Purpose – Mergers and acquisitions are among the most intensely used strategic decisions. Yet research by both academics and consulting groups suggests that many mergers and acquisitions fail to add value. On the other hand there are many companies that successfully use mergers and acquisition to grow and add shareholder value. One such company is WPP. The aim of this paper is to explore why WPP has been successful in its acquisition strategy while so many other companies fail. Design/methodology/approach – The paper draws on documentary evidence and a semi-structured interview with Sir Martin Sorrell – Chief Executive and founder of WPP. Research limitations/implications – The case study offers a unique insight into thinking of a successful acquirer and sheds light on how mergers and acquisitions are managed by WPP. However, because of its design the findings are not generalisable. Originality/value – This case study sheds light on how mergers and acquisitions can be used to create a £9 billion company from a standing start. Furthermore, very few case studies offer insight into the thinking of entrepreneurial Chief Executives who established the business, grew it to become the largest and most profitable marketing services company in the world and engineered close to 300 acquisitions.

Stephen Martin Leake: a Victorian's view of the Common Law

This article considers the life and work of Stephen Martin Leake and seeks to locate his work within the wider context of the procedural and substantive transformation of the mid-to-late Victorian legal world. In particular, the article attempts to rescue Leake from obscurity and emphasise his importance in this process. It is argued that Leake’s work began the process whereby common lawyers conceived of their law as organised in a principled rather than procedural manner. Later common law jurists built upon this work. Consideration is also given to the philosophical and jurisprudential sources upon which Leake drew in constructing his treatises.

High Resolution Melt (HRM) analysis is an efficient tool to genotype EMS mutants in complex crop genomes

Background: Targeted Induced Loci Lesions IN Genomes (TILLING) is increasingly being used to generate and identify mutations in target genes of crop genomes. TILLING populations of several thousand lines have been generated in a number of crop species including Brassica rapa. Genetic analysis of mutants identified by TILLING requires an efficient, high-throughput and cost effective genotyping method to track the mutations through numerous generations. High resolution melt (HRM) analysis has been used in a number of systems to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and insertion/deletions (IN/DELs) enabling the genotyping of different types of samples. HRM is ideally suited to high-throughput genotyping of multiple TILLING mutants in complex crop genomes. To date it has been used to identify mutants and genotype single mutations. The aim of this study was to determine if HRM can facilitate downstream analysis of multiple mutant lines identified by TILLING in order to characterise allelic series of EMS induced mutations in target genes across a number of generations in complex crop genomes. Results: We demonstrate that HRM can be used to genotype allelic series of mutations in two genes, BraA.CAX1a and BraA.MET1.a in Brassica rapa. We analysed 12 mutations in BraA.CAX1.a and five in BraA.MET1.a over two generations including a back-cross to the wild-type. Using a commercially available HRM kit and the Lightscanner™ system we were able to detect mutations in heterozygous and homozygous states for both genes. Conclusions: Using HRM genotyping on TILLING derived mutants, it is possible to generate an allelic series of mutations within multiple target genes rapidly. Lines suitable for phenotypic analysis can be isolated approximately 8-9 months (3 generations) from receiving M3 seed of Brassica rapa from the RevGenUK TILLING service.

Distribution of calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) in the leaves of Brassica rapa under varying exogenous Ca and Mg supply

Background and Aims Leafy vegetable Brassica crops are an important source of dietary calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) and represent potential targets for increasing leaf Ca and Mg concentrations through agronomy or breeding. Although the internal distribution of Ca and Mg within leaves affects the accumulation of these elements, such data are not available for Brassica. The aim of this study was to characterize the internal distribution of Ca and Mg in the leaves of a vegetable Brassica and to determine the effects of altered exogenous Ca and Mg supply on this distribution. Methods Brassica rapa ssp. trilocularis ‘R-o-18’ was grown at four different Ca:Mg treatments for 21 d in a controlled environment. Concentrations of Ca and Mg were determined in fully expanded leaves using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Internal distributions of Ca and Mg were determined in transverse leaf sections at the base and apex of leaves using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) with cryo-scanning electron microscopy (cryo-SEM). Key Results Leaf Ca and Mg concentrations were greatest in palisade and spongy mesophyll cells, respectively, although this was dependent on exogenous supply. Calcium accumulation in palisade mesophyll cells was enhanced slightly under high Mg supply; in contrast, Mg accumulation in spongy mesophyll cells was not affected by Ca supply. Conclusions The results are consistent with Arabidopsis thaliana and other Brassicaceae, providing phenotypic evidence that conserved mechanisms regulate leaf Ca and Mg distribution at a cellular scale. The future study of Arabidopsis gene orthologues in mutants of this reference B. rapa genotype will improve our understanding of Ca and Mg homeostasis in plants and may provide a model-to-crop translation pathway for targeted breeding.