Performance of Various Thicknesses of Portland Cement Concrete, HR-9, 30 Year Report, 1981

If adequately designed and high quality material and good construction practices are used, portland cement concrete is very durable. This is demonstrated by the oldest pavement in Iowa (second oldest in the U.S.) paved in 1904, which performed well for 70 years without resurfacing. The design thickness is an important factor in both the performance and cost of pavement. The objective of this paper is to provide a 30-year performance evaluation of a pavement constructed to determine the required design thickness for low volume secondary roadways. In 1951 Greene County and the Iowa Highway Research Board of the Iowa Department of Transportation initiated a four-mile (6.4 km) demonstration project to evaluate thicknesses ranging from 4-1/2" (11.4 cm) to 6" (15.2 cm). The project, consisting of 10 research sections, was formed pavement placed on a gravel roadbed with very little preparation except for redistribution of the loose aggregate. Eight sections were non-reinforced except for centerline tie bars and no contraction joints were used. Mesh reinforcing and contraction joints spaced at 29' 7" (9.02 m) intervals were used in two 4-1/2" (11.4 cm) thick sections. The only air entrained section was non-reinforced. The pavement performed well over its 30-year life carrying a light volume of traffic and did not require major maintenance. There was substantial cracking with average slab length varying directly with thickness. The 4-1/2" (11.4 cm) thick non-air entrained, mesh-reinforced pavement with contraction joints has performed the best.

Asphalt Emulsions for Highway Construction (Emulsion Seal Coat), HR-1028, 1980

For the past several year Kossuth County has had a scheduled maintenance program of bituminous seal coating. This program has been used to maintain the 467 miles of asphaltic concrete surfaced roads in Kossuth County. Since most of the experience that Kossuth County had in seal coating was with cutback asphalt, it was decided to include the use of emulsified asphalt in Kossuth County's 1980 seal coat program. Federal Demonstration Project Funds were requested from the Federal Highway Administration to study the use of emulsified asphalt and funding was granted under Demonstration Project No. 55,:Asphalt Emulsions for Highway Construction." Items studied were design and construction procedure cost of alternate material, energy consumption and environmental considerations. A construction contract was awarded to Everds Brothers, Inc. of Algona, Iowa, on July 1, 1980. There were four bidders on the 54.5 miles of seal coating that was let. A map showing the location of the seal coating projects is shown in Appendix A, and a copy of the contract is shown in Appendix B. The contractor started the project on July 11, 1980 and completed the project on August 1, 1980. Construction inspection and follow-up inspections of the project were conducted by personnel of the Kossuth County Engineer's Office and testing of the materials, friction testing and road rater testing were conducted by the Material's Department of the Iowa Department of Transportation.

An Investigation of the Chemical Method of Determining the Cement Content of Hardened Concrete, MLR-71-01 and R-248, 1971

The Iowa State Highway Commission Laboratory is called upon to determine the cement content of hardened concrete when field problems relating to batch weights are encountered. The standard test for determining the cement content is ASTM C-85. An investigation of this method by the New Jersey State Highway Department involving duplicate samples and four cooperating laboratories produced very erratic results, however, the results obtained by this method have not been directly compared to known cement contents of concrete made with various cements and various aggregates used in Iowa.

Field Testing of Railroad Flatcar Bridges Volume I: Single Spans, TR-498, 2007

Based on the conclusions of IHRB Project TR-444, Demonstration Project Using Railroad Flat Car Bridges for Low Volume Road Bridges, additional research on the use of RRFC bridges was undertaken. This portion of the project investigated the following: (1) Different design and rating procedures; (2) Additional single span configurations plus multiple span configurations; (3) Different mechanisms for connecting adjacent RRFCs and the resulting lateral load distribution factors; (4) Sheet pile abutments; and (5) Behavior RRFCs that had been strengthened so that they could be used on existing abutments. A total of eight RRFC bridges were tested (five single span bridges, two two-span bridges, and one three-span bridge). Based on the results of this study a simplified design and rating procedure has been developed for the economical replacement bridge alternative. In Volume 1, this volume, the results from the testing of four single span RRFC bridges are presented, while in Volume 2 the results from the testing of the strengthened single span bridge plus the three multiple span bridges are presented.

Field Testing of Railroad Flatcar Bridges Volume II: Multiple Spans, TR-498, 2007

Based on the conclusions of IHRB Project TR-444, Demonstration Project Using Railroad Flat Car Bridges for Low Volume Road Bridges, additional research on the use of RRFC bridges was undertaken. This portion of the project investigated the following: (1) Different design and rating procedures; (2) Additional single span configurations plus multiple span configurations; (3) Different mechanisms for connecting adjacent RRFCs and the resulting lateral load distribution factors; (4) Sheet pile abutments; and (5) Behavior RRFCs that had been strengthened so that they could be used on existing abutments. A total of eight RRFC bridges were tested (five single span bridges, two two-span bridges, and one three-span bridge). Based on the results of this study a simplified design and rating procedure has been developed for the economical replacement bridge alternative. In Volume 1, the results from the testing of four single span RRFC bridges are presented, while in Volume 2,this volume, the results from the testing of the strengthened single span bridge plus the three multiple span bridges are presented.

Synthesis Study: Effectiveness of Safety Corridor Programs, Report on Tasks 1-3, 2008

This report synthesizes the safety corridor programs of 13 states that currently have some type of program: Alaska, California, Florida, Kentucky, Minnesota, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, Ohio, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Virginia, and Washington. This synthesis can help Midwestern states implement their own safety corridor programs and select pilot corridors or enhance existing corridors. Survey and interview information about the states’ programs was gathered from members of each state department of transportation (DOT) and Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) division office. Topics discussed included definitions of a safety corridor; length and number of corridors in the program; criteria for selection of a corridor; measures of effectiveness of an implemented safety corridor; organizational structure of the program; funding and legislation issues; and engineering, education, enforcement, and emergency medical service strategies. Safety corridor programs with successful results were then examined in more detail, and field visits were made to Kansas, Oregon, Pennsylvania, and Washington for first-hand observations. With the survey and field visit information, several characteristics of successful safety corridor programs were identified, including multidisciplinary (3E and 4E) efforts; selection, evaluation, and decommissioning strategies; organization structure, champions, and funding; task forces and Corridor Safety Action Plans; road safety audits; and legislation and other safety issues. Based on the synthesis, the report makes recommendations for establishing and maintaining a successful safety corridor program.

Visualizing Transitions into the Workforce, October 2009

Several studies use administrative educational and unemployment insurance records to report average wages [2,7]. The State of Iowa also uses UI records to track students from majors in community colleges to industry of employment. The Iowa Department of Education (IDE) and Iowa Workforce Development (IWD) collaborated to form the Training and Employment Outcomes System.

Wiki-supported collaborative learning in primary education. How a dialogic space is created for thinking together

This paper explores how wikis may be used to support primary education students’ collaborative interaction and how such an interaction process can be characterised. The overall aim of this study is to analyse the collaborative processes of students working together in a wiki environment, in order to see how primary students can actively create a shared context for learning in the wiki. Educational literature has already reported that wikis may support collaborative knowledge-construction processes, but in our study we claim that a dialogic perspective is needed to accomplish this. Students must develop an intersubjective orientation towards each others’ perspectives, to co-construct knowledge about a topic. For this purpose, our project utilised a ‘Thinking Together’ approach to help students develop an intersubjective orientation towards one another and to support the creation of a ‘dialogic space’ to co-construct new understanding in a wiki science project. The students’ asynchronous interaction process in a primary classroom -- which led to the creation of a science text in the wiki -- was analysed and characterised, using a dialogic approach to the study of CSCL practices. Our results illustrate how the Thinking Together approach became embedded within the wiki environment and in the students’ collaborative processes. We argue that a dialogic approach for examining interaction can be used to help design more effective pedagogic approaches related to the use of wikis in education and to equip learners with the competences they need to participate in the global knowledge-construction era.

Yksittäistuotannon robotisointi konenäön avulla

Työn tavoitteena oli uuden konenäköpohjaisen hitsausrobottiaseman käyttöönotto ja järjestelmän kehittäminen siten, että voitiin mahdollistaa vähintään vaadittu 70 %:n kaariaikasuhde ohjelmien sisällä. Aseman käyttöönotolla pyrittiin tehostamaan hitsaustyötä ja helpottamaan tuotanto-paineita osavalmistuksen paneeli-linjalla. Hitsausasemalla parannetaan myös työntekijöiden työergonomiaa sekä koko työn imagoa. Kirjallisen osan tarkoituksena oli tutkia robotisoitua hitsausta ja sen tuomia etuja, verrata jo olemassa olevia ohjelmointimenetelmiä uuteen ohjelmointitapaan ja selvittää robottien tarkkuuksia. Kirjallisuusosan jälkimmäisessä osassa tutustuttiin konenäköön ja sen laitteistoihin sekä sovelluksiin. Kirjallisuus-tutkimuksessa selvisi, että uusi ohjelmointimenetelmä on selvä parannus kyseiseen sovellukseen. Käytännön osassa on esitelty konenäköpohjainen hitsausrobottiasema sen suunnittelusta, käyttöönottoon ja tuotantotesteihin asti. Käytännön osassa on lisäksi esitelty asema osana koko automatisointiprojektia. Lisäksi on kerrottu järjestelmän toiminnasta sekä makroista, joihin robotin toiminta perustuu. Lopuksi on tehty katsaus maailmalla olevista vastaavista järjestelmistä ja niiden teknologioista sekä verrattiin niitä tähän uuteen järjestelmään. Tavoitteena olleeseen 70% kaariaikasuhteeseen ohjelmien sisällä päästiin jo lyhyen koejakson aikana. Käyttöönotettu konenäköpohjainen hitsausrobottiasema on tiettävästi ensimmäinen hitsausasema maailmassa, jota ei tarvitse ohjelmoida etukäteen. Ohjelmointiin kuluva aika on minimaalinen, koska operaattori ohjelmoi robotin sen hitsatessa tuotetta. Kokeellinen osa osoitti, että käyttöönotettu konenäköpohjainen hitsausrobottiasema toimii, kuten se oli suunniteltukin. Käyttöönoton yhteydessä huomattiin monia kehitettäviä asioita, joilla järjestelmästä on mahdollista saada vieläkin tehokkaampi.

Tietojärjestelmän hankinta asiantuntijaorganisaation projektiliiketoiminnantueksi

Työn tavoitteena oli löytää Vahanen Yhtiöille uusi asiantuntijaorganisaation projektiliiketoimintaa tukeva tietojärjestelmä. Vahasella on käytössään projektinhallintaohjelma, mutta se ei tarjoa riittäviä työkaluja laajentuvan ja kansainvälistyvän organisaation projektien hallintaan. Myös ohjelman kehitys on lopetettu. Työn kirjallisuusosa muodostaa teoriarungon käytännön toteutukselle. Kirjallisuusosa käsittelee asiantuntijaorganisaatiota ja sen projektiliiketoimintaa sekä projektien hallintaan liittyviä tietojärjestelmiä. Käytännön projektityössä käyttäjähaastatteluilla kartoitettiin tarpeet, jotka toimivat toiminnallisina kriteereinä uutta ohjelmaa valittaessa. Samalla etsittiin ongelmakohtia nykyisissä toimintatavoissa. Kun tarpeet olivat tiedossa, voitiin systemaattinen ohjelman valintaprosessi toteuttaa. Valintaprosessissa kartoitettiin markkinoilla olevat ohjelmat, määritettyjen kriteerien perusteella ohjelmia karsittiin ja lopputuloksena soveltuvin ohjelma valitaan.Diplomityön lopputuloksena kahdesta Vahasen tarpeisiin soveltuvimmasta ohjelmasta suoritettiin vertailu, jonka perusteella Vahasen johto tekee päätöksen. Ratkaisevana tekijänä valintapäätöksessä on minkä painoarvon toiminnallisuuksien eroavaisuudet, ohjelman kustannukset ja toimittajaan kohdistuva riski saavat.

PK-yritysten teknologiahankkeiden arvioiminen reaalioptioajattelun avulla

Tutkielman tavoitteena oli pyrkiä selvittämään kuinka hyvin reaalioptioajattelu soveltuu pienten ja keskisuurten yritysten teknologiahankkeiden arvioimiseen. Tutkimusvälineenä käytettiin reaalioptioajattelun mukaista Star-teknologian arviointilomaketta. Tutkimukseen saatiin mukaan 17 teknologiayrityksen vastaukset, joita sitten arvioitiin kvalitatiivisin ja kvantitatiivisin menetelmin. Teknologiahankkeisiin sisältyy usein suurta teknologista epävarmuutta sekä markkinaepävarmuutta. Reaalioptioajattelu soveltuu erinomaisesti teknologiahankkeiden arvioimiseen, sillä siinä korostetaan joustavuutta ja sen avulla voidaan pyrkiä hallitsemaan epävarmuuksia. Tutkimuksessa esiteltävä Starã-prosessi voi oikein ja huolellisesti käytettynä antaa teknologiahankkeesta uutta ja monipuolista näkökulmaa ja helpottaa näin päätöksentekoa. Uuden informaation avulla hanketta voidaan arvioida ja ohjata tehokkaammin.

Territorialisation des politiques énergétiques dans l'agglomération franco-valdo-genevoise : la planification énergétique comme opportunité de réaménagement des zones frontières ?

La présente recherche traite des défis posés à l'action publique territoriale par la transition énergétique, transition désormais érigée au rang de priorité par les autorités françaises et suisses, comme plus globalement européennes. Elle prend pour cela appui sur une analyse des démarches de planification énergétique territoriale menées entre 2007 et 2014 sur le territoire franco-valdo-genevois (agglomération du « Grand-Genève »). Considérées comme des laboratoires d'expérimentation de la territorialisation des politiques énergétiques, ces démarches sont ici examinées selon une perspective institutionnaliste et pragmatiste visant à mettre lumière les éléments qui interviennent dans la délimitation du champ des possibles en matière d'action publique énergétique et territoriale. Ce positionnement découle des évolutions observées sur le territoire franco-valdo-genevois durant la période d'étude (chapitre 1). Il découle plus précisément du constat de récurrence de certains points de blocage rencontrés aussi bien dans les démarches de planification énergétique elles-mêmes que dans les travaux méthodologiques qui ont pu être réalisés parallèlement à ces démarches, dans le but d'en affiner les outils techniques et organisationnels de mise en oeuvre. Ainsi, le point de départ de la présente recherche est le constat selon lequel on peine tout autant à construire des solutions énergétiques appropriables et réalisables par les acteurs des territoires concernés qu'à reconfigurer les outils de production de ces solutions. De ce constat découle l'intérêt porté aux cadres institutionnels qui régissent ces planifications énergétiques territoriales. Définis comme l'ensemble des repères - formels et informels - qui rendent possibles en même temps qu'ils contraignent les interactions territorialisées entre les acteurs, ces cadres institutionnels sont placés au coeur de la grille de (re)lecture des expériences de planification énergétique territoriale établie au chapitre 2 de la thèse. En référence aux concepts institutionnalistes et pragmatistes sur lesquels elle prend appui, cette grille conduit à appréhender ces expériences comme autant d'enquêtes contribuant, à travers le travail de mobilisation et construction de représentations territoriales auquel elles donnent lieu, à l'équipement sociocognitif d'un champ d'intervention territorial spécifique. Partant de l'hypothèse selon laquelle les potentialités comme les limites associées à l'équipement sociocognitif de ce champ orientent les possibilités d'action collective, la réflexion consiste en une application de cette grille à une trentaine d'expériences de planification énergétique territoriale. Cette application s'effectue en deux temps, correspondant à deux niveaux de lecture de ces démarches. Le premier porte sur les dispositifs organisationnels et les modalités d'interactions entre les cultures d'action qu'elles réunissent (chapitre 3). Le second se concentre davantage sur les supports cognitifs (représentations territoriales) autour desquels se structurent ces interactions (chapitre 4). Présentés dans le dernier chapitre de la thèse (chapitre 5), les enseignements tirés de ce travail de réexamen des démarches franco-valdo-genevoises de planification énergétique territoriale sont de deux ordres. Ils portent d'abord sur les caractéristiques des cadres institutionnels existants, la manière dont ils orientent ces démarches et délimitent les évolutions possibles dans les modes d'action collective et plus particulièrement d'action publique qui y sont associés. Mais ils portent aussi sur les potentiels de changement associés à ces démarches, et sur les pistes envisageables pour mieux valoriser es potentiels, dont l'activation passe par des évolutions profondes des systèmes institutionnels en place. -- In France as in Switzerland, local authorities stand out as leading players of energy transition, a transition that requires an important renewal of public intervention instruments. It is the stakes and the conditions of such a renewal that the present work aims to examine, based on the experiments of territorial energy planning led on the franco-valdo-genevan cross-border territory. Conceived as initiatives of relocation of the energy supply system, these energy planning initiatives are examined through an institutionalist and pragmatic « reading template ». This « reading template » consists of seeing these energy planning initiatives as pragmatist inquiries aiming, through a collective work of cognitive equipment of the territorial franco-valdo-genevan field of intervention, at the reconstruction of the means of coordination between people about their material, organizational and political territory. It opens towards a double reading of the energy planning initiatives. The first one concentrates on the organizational dimension of these inquiries - i.e. on the cultures of action which they gather and the modalities of interaction between them - whereas the second focuses on the cognitive substance which represents the medium of the interactions. This double reading provides insights at various levels. The first one concerns the (cognitive) territorial field of intervention that these energy-planning experiments contribute to draw. A field which, although better and better characterized in its technical dimensions, remains at the same time limited and " deformed " so that it values more the fossil energy systems, from which we want to release ourselves, than the renewable ones, which we would like to replace them with. The second level of teaching concerns the processes of production of territorial knowledge (PPTK) which presides over the demarcation and « equipment » of the territorial field of intervention. Examined through the institutional norms and the culture of action at stake in them, this PPTK turns out to create a sociocognitive "cross-border" area, the kind of area that could shelter the desired reconfigurations...on the condition that they are beforehand correctly "equipped", in cognitive and also in organizational terms. The determining factor for the quality of this equipment is concentrated in the third category of teaching. Starting with the opportunities created by these energy planning experiments concerning the renewal of public intervention instruments, these elements also allow us to take a new look at the urban area project under construction in this cross-border territory, a project th t shows itself closely linked to the energy experiments through a common challenge of territorialisation.

Data Consistency by a Metadata Management Solution

This thesis consists of three main theoretical themes: quality of data, success of information systems, and metadata in data warehousing. Loosely defined, metadata is descriptive data about data, and, in this thesis, master data means reference data about customers, products etc. The objective of the thesis is to contribute to an implementation of a metadata management solution for an industrial enterprise. The metadata system incorporates a repository, integration, delivery and access tools, as well as semantic rules and procedures for master data maintenance. It targets to improve maintenance processes and quality of hierarchical master data in the case company’s informational systems. That should bring benefits to whole organization in improved information quality, especially in cross-system data consistency, and in more efficient and effective data management processes. As the result of this thesis, the requirements for the metadata management solution in case were compiled, and the success of the new information system and the implementation project was evaluated.