Desarrollo rápido de software libre de alta calidad : Ingeniería de software asistida por computadora, enfocada en tareas, para agilizar el ciclo de vida de las aplicaciones, mediante mejora continua disciplinada a nivel personal

Este trabajo de investigación abarca el estudio, implementación y evaluación de diferentes herramientas, metodologías y procesos para la producción de software libre en el campo del desarrollo rápido de aplicaciones (RAD, precursor de metodologías ágiles como Scrum).

Fases estacionárias para cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência em fase reversa (CLAE-FR) baseadas em superfícies de óxidos inorgânicos funcionalizados

Particles of porous silica or other solvent resistent inorganic oxides can be functionalized by aliphatic (e.g., C-8 or C-18) or other groups to give stationary phases for use in reversed phase HPLC. The functionalization can be done by bonding of individual groups to the surface of the support particles, by producing an organic polymeric film from pre-polymers, or by adsorbing/immobilizing pre-formed polymers on the surfaces. These three types of functionalization are reviewed.

Resultados del tratamiento de la hemorragia digestiva alta por varices esofagogástricas

Introducción: el tratamiento de la hemorragia digestiva alta por rotura de varices esofágicas y/o gástricas en pacientes con cirrosis hepática debe estar dirigido al control inicial de la hemorragia sin alterar más una función hepática ya deteriorada , y a la prevención de la recidiva hemorrágica precoz. Métodos endoscópicos, farmacológicos y quirúrgicos forman el conjunto de alternativas terapéuticas. Material y métodos: estudio prospectivo de los resultados obtenidos tras el seguimiento de 90 episodios hemorrágicos de un total de 54 pacientes, 35 hombres y 19 mujeres, con una edad media de 58 años (32-77), sobre los que se aplicó un protocolo terapéutico de la hemorragia aguda secundaria a la hipertensión portal, durante un periodo de 22 meses. La clasificación según Child-Pugh al ingreso fue 57% Child A, 34% Child B y 9% Child C. Resultados: la estancia media hospitalaria fue de 9 días (2-50). De los 90 episodios hemorrágicos, se registraron 15 recidivas hemorrágicas precoces (16,7%). Murieron 12 pacientes (mortalidad del 22,2% por pacientes y del 13,4% por episodios hemorrágicos). Se realizaron 12 intervenciones de urgencias por persistencia de la hemorragia. El 41% de los pacientes reingresaron por recidiva de la hemorragia al menos una vez durante el periodo de seguimiento. Conclusiones: el tratamiento de la hemorragia digestiva alta por varices esófago-gástricas con cirrosis hepática, requiere un conjunto de diferentes tratamientos para obtener la máxima eficacia en el episodio hemorrágico agudo y poder abarcar todas las posibles repercusiones a posteriori; dicho tratamiento debería ser realizado en un centro hospitalario que disponga de material y personal especializado en esta patología. En nuestra experiencia, la cirugía de urgencias, como tratamiento de rescate de la hemorragia persistente o recidivante a corto plazo, sólo tendría lugar en algunos pacientes con una buena función hepática dada su alta morbi/mortalidad

Aplicação de alguns modelos quimiométricos à espectroscopia de fluorescência de raios-X de energia dispersiva

The objective of this work was to accomplish the simultaneous determination of some chemical elements by Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence (EDXRF) Spectroscopy through multivariate calibration in several sample types. The multivariate calibration models were: Back Propagation neural network, Levemberg-Marquardt neural network and Radial Basis Function neural network, fuzzy modeling and Partial Least Squares Regression. The samples were soil standards, plant standards, and mixtures of lead and sulfur salts diluted in silica. The smallest Root Mean Square errors (RMS) were obtained with Back Propagation neural networks, which solved main EDXRF problems in a better way.

Determinação de alfa-Tocoferol em alho irradiado utilizando cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência (CLAE)

The effects of 60Co ionizing radiations in doses of 0, 75, 100, 150, 200 and 250Gy on garlic, upon the alpha-tocopherol concentration were studied. The alpha-tocopherol contents were established by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), after direct hexane extraction from the garlic samples. The alpha-tocopherol was determined through normal-phase column, and mobile phase was composed by hexane: iso-propyl alcohol (99:01 v/v), with 2mL/min flow rate and fluorescence detector. It is statistically shown that an irradiation dose of up to 150 Gy does not affect the garlic alpha-tocopherol content.

Transferência de energia entre corantes catiônicos em sistemas homogêneos

In this work, the energy transfer by dipole-dipole interaction between cationic dyes in n-alcohols (methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol and 1-butanol) is studied by time resolved and steady state fluorescence measurements. The critical radii of energy transfer were determined by three independent methods; the spectral overlap, fluorescence decay profiles, and relative intensity measurements. In all solvents, R0 values of the dye pairs obtained from spectral overlap were between 40 to 90 Å. Steady state and time resolved fluorescence measurements resulted in values of R0 in the range of 50 - 80 Å, with good correlation of values.

Determinação de compostos de massa molecular alta em folhas de plantas da Amazônia

The fractIons of dichloromethane extracts of leaves from andiroba (Carapa guianensis - Meliaceae), caapi (Banisteriopsis caapi - Malpighiaceae), cocoa (Theobroma cacao - Sterculiaceae), Brazil nut (Bertholletia excelsa - Lecytidaceae), cupuaçu (Theobroma grandiflorum - Sterculiaceae), marupá (Simaruba amara - Simaroubaceae) and rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis - Euphorbiaceae), were analyzed by HT-HRGC and HT-HRGC-MS. Esters of homologous series of fatty acids and long chain alcohols, phytol, amyrines and tocopherols were characterized. The characterization of the compounds was based mainly in mass spectra data and in addition by usual spectrometric data (¹H and 13C NMR, IR).

Climatització d'un habitatge mitjançant energia geotèrmica

Aquest projecte té com a objectiu el càlcul, disseny i definició tècnica de la instaŀlació de climatització i obtenció d’aigua calenta sanitària per a un habitatge unifamiliar de nova construcció amb tres plantes i sota coberta, situat a la població d’Argentona. Per tal de complir els requeriments del Codi Tècnic de l’Edificació (CTE) en matèria d’eficiència energètica, la font energètica que farem servir per a dur a terme aquest projecte serà un sistema de captació geotèrmica de baixa temperatura que basa la seva aplicació en la capacitat que té el subsòl de mantenir una temperatura constant a partir de certa profunditat, a diferència del que succeeix a la superfície, on la temperatura ambient varia significativament al llarg de tot l’any. El nostre sistema geotèrmic aprofita la constància d’aquesta temperatura mitjançant una bomba de calor i un sistema de captació

Determinação de corantes artificiais por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência (CLAE) em pó para gelatina

Synthetic dyes were determined by high performance liquid chromatography in 76 samples of regular jelly and diet jelly powders, of several flavors produced by seven different manufacturers. Three sample of each product, from different batches, were analyzed. The same qualitative composition was observed for products of the same flavor from different manufacturers, but the quantitative composition varied markedly from one manufacturer to the other. There were no or few significant differences between batches from a given manufacturer, demonstrating good quality control in the use of these additives by the food industry. None of the samples exceeded the limit stipulated by Brazilian legislation.

Dependência das vias de dissociação unimolecular com a energia interna da molécula de éter dimetílico

Internal energy dependence of the competitive unimolecular dissociation channels of dimethyl ether were studied with the statistical RRKM formalism. The C-O and C-H fission reactions and the 1,2-H and 1,3-H shifts, and 1,1-H2 and 1,3-H2 molecular eliminations are discussed as a function of energy dependence of k a(E*), the microcanonical rate constant for production of transition states. C-O fission is the dominant process while reaction channels involving C-H fission, 1,1-H2 and 1,3-H2 elimination and production of MeOH should be competitive at energies around 400 kJ mol-1. The less favorable process is the channel of CH4 formation.

Análise química quantitativa para a padronização do óleo de copaíba por cromatografia em fase gasosa de alta resolução

Quantitative GC-FID was evaluated for analysis of methylated copaiba oils, using trans-(-)-caryophyllene or methyl copalate as external standards. Analytical curves showed good linearity and reproducibility in terms of correlation coefficients (0.9992 and 0.996, respectively) and relative standard deviation (< 3%). Quantification of sesquiterpenes and diterpenic acids were performed with each standard, separately. When compared with the integrator response normalization, the standardization was statistically similar for the case of methyl copalate, but the response of trans-(-)-caryophyllene was statistically (P < 0.05) different. This method showed to be suitable for classification and quality control of commercial samples of the oils.

Novas fases estacionárias à base de sílica para cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência

The present work reviews recent advances in the preparation of new reversed phase packing materials such as sterically protected, bidentate, hybrid organic-inorganic and monolithic phases and phases containing embedded polar groups. The bonding chemistry involved in the preparation of these phases as well as their advantages over conventional C8 and C18 reversed phases are discussed. Understanding the reasons behind the development of these newer column packings helps analysts select the best stationary phase for a given application.

Identificação de resíduos de disparos de armas de fogo por meio da técnica de espectrometria de massas de alta resolução com fonte de plasma indutivo

The violence derived from crimes involving firearms represents one of the main concerns of society. For this reason modern techniques have emerged in forensic science to identify suspects at crime scenes. This work describes a methodology to identify residues present in the hands of suspect by using a high resolution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and collection procedure based on ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) solution as a complexing agent in moistened swabs. In order to distinguish real gunshot residues from others types of residues present in the hand of suspect, ternary ratio per cent diagrams were developed for antimony (Sb), barium (Ba) and lead (Pb) detected on the hands of volunteers, before and immediately after shooting tests, revealing a remarkable difference in both situations.

Métodos de preparação de nanopartículas metálicas suportadas em carbono de alta área superficial, como eletrocatalisadores em células a combustível com membrana trocadora de prótons

Fuel cells are attracting much interest as efficient and clean energy conversion devices. The main components of low temperature fuel cells are the electrocatalysts used to promote the anodic and cathodic reactions, which are based on platinum and platinum alloys. These electrocatalysts are normally prepared in the form of metal nanoparticles supported on a conductive material, usually high surface area carbon, to improve catalyst utilization and reduce cost. This work presents and comments some methods used presently to produce these electrocatalysts. The performances of the produced electrocatalysts are compared to that of state-of-the-art commercial E-TEK electrocatalysts.

Biodiesel de soja: taxa de conversão em ésteres etílicos, caracterização físico-química e consumo em gerador de energia

Biodiesel was produced by the transesterification of neutral soybean oil and anhydrous ethanol using NaOH as catalyst. Combinations of biodiesel and diesel in the proportions of 0, 5, 10, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100% were tested, respectively, as fuel in an energy generator. The average consumption and mixture performance were analysed. The tests showed a reduction in Diesel oil consumption when mixed with up to 20% of biodiesel. The quality characteristics of these fuels were analyzed.